Book IV: Ovid's Lament for Tibullus' Death

Tibullus (55 BC–19 BC), translated by Theodore Chickering Williams · 1905

iambic pentameter · ABAB · 72 lines · from The Elegies

If tears for their dead sons, in deep despair,Mothers of Memnon and Achilles shed,If gods in mortal grief have any share,O Muse of tears! bow down thy mournful head!

Tibullus, thy true minstrel and best fame,Mere lifeless clay, on tall-built pyre doth blaze;While Eros, with rent bow, extinguished flame,And quiver empty, his wild grief displays.

Behold, he comes with trailing wing forlorn,And smites with desperate hands his bosom bare!Tears rain unheeded o'er his tresses turn,And many a trembling sob his soft lips bear.

Thus for a brother Eros mourned of yore,Aeneas, in Iulus' regal hall;Not less do Venus' eyes this death deploreThan when she saw her slain Adonis fall.

Yet poets are sacred! Simple souls have deemedThat ranked with gods we sons of song may stand,See one and all by sullen Death blasphemed,And violated by his shadowy hand!

Little avails it Orpheus that his sireWas more than man; for though his songs restrainThe wolves of Ismara, his love-lorn lyreWails in the wildwood gloom with anguish vain.

Maeonides, from whose exhaustless wellAll bards since then some tribute stream derive,--Him, even him, th' Avernian shades camped;Only his songs his scattered dust survive

Yet songs endure. Endures the Trojan fame,And how Penelope's wise nights were passed.So Nemesis and Delia have a name,--A poet's earliest passion and his last.

Live piously! Build shrines! Revere the skies!Death, from the temple, thrusts thee to the tombOr sing divinely! Lo, Tibullus dies!One scanty urn gives all his ashes room.

Could not that laurelled head the flames restrain?How dared they that inspired breast explore?Rather they should have burned some golden faneOf gods,--of gods who this last insult bore!

Yet 'tis my faith the Queen of Love the while,Whose altars crown the bright, voluptuous steepOf Eryx, at that sight did lose her smile;Oh! I believe sweet Venus deigned to weep!

But he had feared worse deaths: for now he liesNot on Phaeacia's strand in grave unknown;His own dear mother closed his fading eyes,And brought her prayers to bless his votive stone.

Thither drew near in mournful disarrayHis sister pale, her mother's grief to share:Thither no less, their rival tears to pay,His Nemesis and Delia, fond and fair.

There Delia murmured, "In such love as thineI was too happy; thou, supremely blest,"Rut Nemesis: "Nay, nay! The loss is mine;By mine alone his dying hand was pressed."

If after death, we haply may retainMore of true being than a name and shade,Tibullus now the bright Elysian plainDoth enter, and hears stir of welcome made.

With ivy garlands on his fadeless brow,Catullus hails his peer in perfect rhyme;Comes Calvus, too; and slandered Gallus! thou,--Not guilty, save if wasted love be crime!

Such comrades now attend thy happy shade,--If shade in truth to our frail flesh belong:Th' Elysian company is larger madeBy thee, Tibullus, skilled in noble song!

May thy bones rest in peace! is my fond prayer:Safe and inviolate thine urn shall be.Be changeless peace on thy loved relies there!And light the hallowed earth that shelters thee!

Words in this poem 28
memnon n.
A celebrated Egyptian statue near Thebes, said to have the property of emitting a harplike sound at sunrise.
pyre n.
A funeral pile; a combustible heap on which the dead are burned; hence, any pile to be burnt. [L. pure, Gr. Fire.]
eros n.
Love; the god of love; -- by earlier writers represented as one of the first and creative gods, by later writers as the son of Aphrodite, equivalent to the Latin god Cupid.
forlorn a.
Deserted abandoned; lost. [OE., p.p. of forlesen to lose utterly, AS. forleósan (p.p. forloren); pref. for- + leósan (in comp.) to lose; cf. D. verliezen to lose, G. verlieren, Sw. förlor]
desperate a.
Without hope; given to despair; hopeless. [L. desperatus, p. p. of desperare. See Despair, and cf. Desperado.]
yore adv.
In time long past; in old time; long since. [OE. , yare, , AS. geára;akin to geár a year, E. year. Year.]
deplore v. t.
To feel or to express deep and poignant grief for; to bewail; to lament; to mourn; to sorrow over. [L. deplorare; de- + plorare to cry out, wail, lament; prob. akin to pluere to rain, and to E. flow: cf. F. déplorer. Cf. Flow.]
sullen a.
Lonely; solitary; desolate. Wyclif (Job iii. 14). [OE. solein, solain, lonely, sullen; through Old French fr. (assumed) LL. solanus solitary, fr. L. solus alone. See Sole, a.]
orpheus n.
The famous mythic Thracian poet, son of the Muse Calliope, and husband of Eurydice. He is reputed to have had power to entrance beasts and inanimate objects by the music of his lyre.
sire n.
A lord, master, or other person in authority. See Sir. [F. sire, originally, an older person. See Sir.]
wildwood n.
A wild or unfrequented wood. Also used adjectively; as, wildwood flowers; wildwood echoes. Burns.
exhaustless a.
Not be exhausted; inexhaustible; as, an exhaustless fund or store.
derive v. t.
To turn the course of, as water; to divert and distribute into subordinate channels; to diffuse; to communicate; to transmit; -- followed by to, into, on, upon. [F. dériver, L. derivare; de- + rivus stream, brook. See Rival.]
nemesis n.
The goddess of retribution or vengeance; hence, retributive justice personified; divine vengeance. [L., fr. gr. Nomad.]
piously adv.
In a pious manner.
revere v. t.
To regard with reverence, or profound respect and affection, mingled with awe or fear; to venerate; to reverence; to honor in estimation. [L. revereri; pref. re- re- + vereri to fear, perh. akin to E. wary: cf. F. révérer.]
explore v. t.
To seek for or after; to strive to attain by search; to look wisely and carefully for. [L. explorare to explore; ex out+plorare to cry out aloud,prob. orig., to cause to flow; perh. akin to E. flow: cf. F. explorer.]
fane n.
A temple; a place consecrated to religion; a church. [L. fanum a place dedicated to some deity, a sanctuary, fr. fari to speak. See Fame.]
fading n.
An Irish dance; also, the burden of a song.
votive a.
Given by vow, or in fulfillment of a vow; consecrated by a vow; devoted; as, votive offerings; a votive tablet. [L. votivus, fr. votum a vow: cf. F. votif. See Vow.]
disarray v. t.
To throw into disorder; to break the array of. [Pref. dis- + array, v.: cf. OF. desarroyer, desarreier.]
supremely adv.
In a supreme manner.
haply adv.
By hap, chance, luck, or accident; perhaps; it may be.
elysian a.
Pertaining, or the abode of the blessed after death; hence, yielding the highest pleasures; exceedingly delightful; beatific. [L. Elysius, fr. Elysium.]
fadeless a.
Not liable to fade; unfading.
inviolate a.
Not violated; uninjured; unhurt; unbroken. [L. inviolatus. See In- not, and Violate.]
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
changeless a.
That can not be changed; constant; as, a changeless purpose.

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Book IV: Ovid's Lament for Tibullus' Death is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Elegies, Project Gutenberg ebook #9610, the Theodore Chickering Williams translation; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Tibullus, Book IV: Ovid's Lament for Tibullus' Death, in The Elegies (1905), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #9610, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/tibullus-elegies/book-iv-ovid-s-lament-for-tibullus-death.html, id L14437.

Form and metre

Book IV: Ovid's Lament for Tibullus' Death is 72 lines in 18 stanzas of 4 lines each. The rhyme scheme is ABAB, complete in 16 of its 18 stanzas. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 88%). 92% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 10.0 syllables. 1 line ends on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 22% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in iambic pentameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 ABAB despairA · shedB · shareA · headB
  2. 2 ABAB fameA · blazeB · flameA · displaysB
  3. 3 ABAB forlornA · bareB · turnA · bearB
  4. 4 ABAB yoreA · hallB · deploreA · fallB
  5. 5 ABAB deemedA · standB · blasphemedA · handB
  6. 6 -A-A sire · restrainA · lyre · vainA
  7. 7 -A-A well · deriveA · camped · surviveA
  8. 8 ABAB fameA · passedB · nameA · lastB
  9. 9 ABAB skiesA · tombB · diesA · roomB
  10. 10 ABAB restrainA · exploreB · faneA · boreB
  11. 11 ABAB whileA · steepB · smileA · weepB
  12. 12 ABAB liesA · unknownB · eyesA · stoneB
  13. 13 ABAB disarrayA · shareB · payA · fairB
  14. 14 ABAB thineA · blestB · mineA · pressedB
  15. 15 ABAB retainA · shadeB · plainA · madeB
  16. 16 ABAB browA · rhymeB · thouA · crimeB
  17. 17 ABAB shadeA · belongB · madeA · songB
  18. 18 ABAB prayerA · beB · thereA · theeB
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
If tears for their dead sons, in deep despair,10········˘/
Mothers of Memnon and Achilles shed,10/˘·/··˘/˘·
If gods in mortal grief have any share,10···/˘··/˘·
O Muse of tears! bow down thy mournful head!10·······/˘·
Tibullus, thy true minstrel and best fame,10·····/˘···
Mere lifeless clay, on tall-built pyre doth blaze;10·/˘····/··
While Eros, with rent bow, extinguished flame,10·/˘···˘/˘·
And quiver empty, his wild grief displays.10·/˘/˘···˘/
Behold, he comes with trailing wing forlorn,10˘/···/˘·˘/
And smites with desperate hands his bosom bare!10···/˘··/˘·
Tears rain unheeded o'er his tresses turn,10··˘/˘··/˘·
And many a trembling sob his soft lips bear.10·/·/˘·····
Thus for a brother Eros mourned of yore,10···/˘/˘···
Aeneas, in Iulus' regal hall;10/˘˘·˘/˘/˘·
Not less do Venus' eyes this death deplore10···/˘···˘/
Than when she saw her slain Adonis fall.10······˘/˘·
Yet poets are sacred! Simple souls have deemed11·/˘·/˘/˘···
That ranked with gods we sons of song may stand,10··········
See one and all by sullen Death blasphemed,10·····/˘···
And violated by his shadowy hand!10·/˘˘··/˘˘·
Little avails it Orpheus that his sire10/˘˘/·/˘··/
Was more than man; for though his songs restrain10········˘/
The wolves of Ismara, his love-lorn lyre10··········
Wails in the wildwood gloom with anguish vain.10···/···/˘·
Maeonides, from whose exhaustless well8····˘/˘·
All bards since then some tribute stream derive,--10·····/˘·˘/
Him, even him, th' Avernian shades camped;10·/˘······˘
Only his songs his scattered dust survive10/˘···/˘·˘/
Yet songs endure. Endures the Trojan fame,10··˘/˘/·/˘·
And how Penelope's wise nights were passed.10··˘/˘˘····
So Nemesis and Delia have a name,--10·/˘˘·/˘···
A poet's earliest passion and his last.10·/˘/˘/˘···
Live piously! Build shrines! Revere the skies!10·/˘˘··˘/··
Death, from the temple, thrusts thee to the tomb10···/˘·····
Or sing divinely! Lo, Tibullus dies!10··˘/˘·····
One scanty urn gives all his ashes room.10·/˘····/˘·
Could not that laurelled head the flames restrain?10···/˘···˘/
How dared they that inspired breast explore?10····˘/˘·˘/
Rather they should have burned some golden fane10/˘·····/˘·
Of gods,--of gods who this last insult bore!10·······˘/·
Yet 'tis my faith the Queen of Love the while,10··········
Whose altars crown the bright, voluptuous steep10·/˘···˘/˘·
Of Eryx, at that sight did lose her smile;10··········
Oh! I believe sweet Venus deigned to weep!10··˘/·/˘···
But he had feared worse deaths: for now he lies10··········
Not on Phaeacia's strand in grave unknown;9·······˘/
His own dear mother closed his fading eyes,10···/˘··/˘·
And brought her prayers to bless his votive stone.10·······/˘·
Thither drew near in mournful disarray10/˘···/˘·˘/
His sister pale, her mother's grief to share:10·/˘··/˘···
Thither no less, their rival tears to pay,10/˘···/˘···
His Nemesis and Delia, fond and fair.10·/˘˘·/˘···
There Delia murmured, "In such love as thine10·/˘/˘·····
I was too happy; thou, supremely blest,"10···/˘·˘/˘·
Rut Nemesis: "Nay, nay! The loss is mine;10·/˘˘······
By mine alone his dying hand was pressed."10··˘/·/˘···
If after death, we haply may retain10·····/˘·˘/
More of true being than a name and shade,10···/˘·····
Tibullus now the bright Elysian plain10······˘/˘·
Doth enter, and hears stir of welcome made.10·/˘····/˘·
With ivy garlands on his fadeless brow,10·/˘/˘··/˘·
Catullus hails his peer in perfect rhyme;10·······˘/·
Comes Calvus, too; and slandered Gallus! thou,--10·····/˘/˘·
Not guilty, save if wasted love be crime!10·/˘··/˘···
Such comrades now attend thy happy shade,--10·/··˘/·/˘·
If shade in truth to our frail flesh belong:10·····/··˘/
Th' Elysian company is larger made10˘/˘/˘˘·/˘·
By thee, Tibullus, skilled in noble song!10·······/˘·
May thy bones rest in peace! is my fond prayer:10··········
Safe and inviolate thine urn shall be.10··˘/˘˘····
Be changeless peace on thy loved relies there!10·/˘····˘/·
And light the hallowed earth that shelters thee!10···/˘··/˘·

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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