The Talking Oak

Alfred Tennyson (1809–1892) · 1830–1842

common measure · ABAB · 300 lines · from The Early Poems

Once more the gate behind me falls;Once more before my faceI see the moulder’d Abbey-walls,That stand within the chace.

Beyond the lodge the city lies,Beneath its drift of smoke;And ah! with what delighted eyesI turn to yonder oak.

For when my passion first began,Ere that, which in me burn’d,The love, that makes me thrice a man,Could hope itself return’d;

To yonder oak within the fieldI spoke without restraint,And with a larger faith appeal’dThan Papist unto Saint.

For oft I talk’d with him apart,And told him of my choice,Until he plagiarised a heart,And answer’d with a voice.

Tho’ what he whisper’d, under HeavenNone else could understand;I found him garrulously given,A babbler in the land.

But since I heard him make replyIs many a weary hour;’Twere well to question him, and tryIf yet he keeps the power.

Hail, hidden to the knees in fern,Broad Oak of Sumner-chace,Whose topmost branches can discernThe roofs of Sumner-place!

Say thou, whereon I carved her name,If ever maid or spouse,As fair as my Olivia, cameTo rest beneath thy boughs.—

“O Walter, I have shelter’d hereWhatever maiden graceThe good old Summers, year by year,Made ripe in Sumner-chace:

“Old Summers, when the monk was fat,And, issuing shorn and sleek,Would twist his girdle tight, and patThe girls upon the cheek.

“Ere yet, in scorn of Peter’s-pence,And number’d bead, and shrift,Bluff Harry broke into the spence,And turn’d the cowls adrift:

“And I have seen some score of thoseFresh faces, that would thriveWhen his man-minded offset roseTo chase the deer at five;

“And all that from the town would stroll,Till that wild wind made workIn which the gloomy brewer’s soulWent by me, like a stork:

“The slight she-slips of loyal blood,And others, passing praise,Strait-laced, but all too full in budFor puritanic stays:>

“And I have shadow’d many a groupOf beauties, that were bornIn teacup-times of hood and hoop,Or while the patch was worn;

“And, leg and arm with love-knots gay,About me leap’d and laugh’dThe Modish Cupid of the day,And shrill’d his tinsel shaft.

“I swear (and else may insects prickEach leaf into a gall)This girl, for whom your heart is sick,Is three times worth them all;

“For those and theirs, by Nature’s law,Have faded long ago;But in these latter springs I sawYour own Olivia blow,

“From when she gamboll’d on the greens,A baby-germ, to whenThe maiden blossoms of her teensCould number five from ten.

“I swear, by leaf, and wind, and rain(And hear me with thine ears),That, tho’ I circle in the grainFive hundred rings of years—

“Yet, since I first could cast a shade,Did never creature passSo slightly, musically made,So light upon the grass:

“For as to fairies, that will flitTo make the greensward fresh,I hold them exquisitely knit,But far too spare of flesh.”

Oh, hide thy knotted knees in fern,And overlook the chace;And from thy topmost branch discernThe roofs of Sumner-place.

But thou, whereon I carved her name,That oft hast heard my vows,Declare when last Olivia cameTo sport beneath thy boughs.

“O yesterday, you know, the fairWas holden at the town;Her father left his good arm-chair,And rode his hunter down.

“And with him Albert came on his.I look’d at him with joy:As cowslip unto oxlip is,So seems she to the boy.

“An hour had past—and, sitting straightWithin the low-wheel’d chaise,Her mother trundled to the gateBehind the dappled grays.

“But, as for her, she stay’d at home,And on the roof she went,And down the way you use to come,She look’d with discontent.

“She left the novel half-uncutUpon the rosewood shelf;She left the new piano shut:She could not please herself.

“Then ran she, gamesome as the colt,And livelier than a larkShe sent her voice thro’ all the holtBefore her, and the park.

“A light wind chased her on the wing,And in the chase grew wild,As close as might be would he clingAbout the darling child:

“But light as any wind that blowsSo fleetly did she stir,The flower she touch’d on dipt and rose,And turn’d to look at her.

“And here she came, and round me play’d,And sang to me the wholeOf those three stanzas that you madeAbout my ‘giant bole’;

“And in a fit of frolic mirthShe strove to span my waist:Alas, I was so broad of girth,I could not be embraced.

“I wish’d myself the fair young beechThat here beside me stands,That round me, clasping each in each,She might have lock’d her hands.

“Yet seem’d the pressure thrice as sweetAs woodbine’s fragile hold,Or when I feel about my feetThe berried briony fold.”

O muffle round thy knees with fern,And shadow Sumner-chace!Long may thy topmost branch discernThe roofs of Sumner-place!

But tell me, did she read the nameI carved with many vowsWhen last with throbbing heart I cameTo rest beneath thy boughs?

“O yes, she wander’d round and roundThese knotted knees of mine,And found, and kiss’d the name she found,And sweetly murmur’d thine.

“A teardrop trembled from its source,And down my surface crept.My sense of touch is something coarse,But I believe she wept.

“Then flush’d her cheek with rosy light,She glanced across the plain;But not a creature was in sight:She kiss’d me once again.

“Her kisses were so close and kind,That, trust me on my word,Hard wood I am, and wrinkled rind,But yet my sap was stirr’d:

“And even into my inmost ringA pleasure I discern’dLike those blind motions of the Spring,That show the year is turn’d.

“Thrice-happy he that may caressThe ringlet’s waving balmThe cushions of whose touch may pressThe maiden’s tender palm.

“I, rooted here among the groves,But languidly adjustMy vapid vegetable lovesWith anthers and with dust:

“For, ah! my friend, the days were briefWhereof the poets talk,When that, which breathes within the leaf,Could slip its bark and walk.

“But could I, as in times foregone,From spray, and branch, and stem,Have suck’d and gather’d into oneThe life that spreads in them,

“She had not found me so remiss;But lightly issuing thro’,I would have paid her kiss for kissWith usury thereto.”

O flourish high, with leafy towers,And overlook the lea,Pursue thy loves among the bowers,But leave thou mine to me.

O flourish, hidden deep in fern,Old oak, I love thee well;A thousand thanks for what I learnAnd what remains to tell.

“’Tis little more: the day was warm;At last, tired out with play,She sank her head upon her arm,And at my feet she lay.

“Her eyelids dropp’d their silken eaves.I breathed upon her eyesThro’ all the summer of my leavesA welcome mix’d with sighs.

“I took the swarming sound of life—The music from the town—The murmurs of the drum and fifeAnd lull’d them in my own.

“Sometimes I let a sunbeam slip,To light her shaded eye;A second flutter’d round her lipLike a golden butterfly;

“A third would glimmer on her neckTo make the necklace shine;Another slid, a sunny fleck,From head to ancle fine.

“Then close and dark my arms I spread,And shadow’d all her rest—Dropt dews upon her golden head,An acorn in her breast.

“But in a pet she started up,And pluck’d it out, and drewMy little oakling from the cup,And flung him in the dew.

“And yet it was a graceful gift—I felt a pang withinAs when I see the woodman liftHis axe to slay my kin.

“I shook him down because he wasThe finest on the tree.He lies beside thee on the grass.O kiss him once for me.

“O kiss him twice and thrice for me,That have no lips to kiss,For never yet was oak on leaShall grow so fair as this.”

Step deeper yet in herb and fern,Look further thro’ the chace,Spread upward till thy boughs discernThe front of Sumner-place.

This fruit of thine by Love is blest,That but a moment layWhere fairer fruit of Love may restSome happy future day.

I kiss it twice, I kiss it thrice,The warmth it thence shall winTo riper life may magnetiseThe baby-oak within.

But thou, while kingdoms overset,Or lapse from hand to hand,Thy leaf shall never fail, nor yetThine acorn in the land.

May never saw dismember thee,Nor wielded axe disjoint,That art the fairest-spoken treeFrom here to Lizard-point.

O rock upon thy towery topAll throats that gurgle sweet!All starry culmination dropBalm-dews to bathe thy feet!

All grass of silky feather grow—And while he sinks or swellsThe full south-breeze around thee blowThe sound of minster bells.

The fat earth feed thy branchy root,That under deeply strikes!The northern morning o’er thee shootHigh up, in silver spikes!

Nor ever lightning char thy grain,But, rolling as in sleep,Low thunders bring the mellow rain,That makes thee broad and deep!

And hear me swear a solemn oath,That only by thy sideWill I to Olive plight my troth,And gain her for my bride.

And when my marriage morn may fall,She, Dryad-like, shall wearAlternate leaf and acorn-ballIn wreath about her hair.

And I will work in prose and rhyme,And praise thee more in bothThan bard has honour’d beech or lime,Or that Thessalian growth,

In which the swarthy ringdove sat,And mystic sentence spoke;And more than England honours that,Thy famous brother-oak,

Wherein the younger Charles abodeTill all the paths were dim,And far below the Roundhead rode,And humm’d a surly hymn.

Words in this poem 65
chace v. t.
To pursue. See Chase v. t.
delighted a.
Endowed with delight.
yonder adv.
At a distance, but within view. [OE. yonder, ýonder; cf. OD. ginder, Goth. jaindr there. Yond, adv.]
spoke n.
The radius or ray of a wheel; one of the small bars which are inserted in the hub, or nave, and which serve to support the rim or felly. [OE. spoke, spake, AS, spaca; akin to D. speek, LG. speke, OHG. speihha, G. speiche. sq. root170. Cf. Spike a nail.]
papist n.
A Roman catholic; one who adheres to the Church of Rome and the authority of the pope; -- an offensive designation applied to Roman Catholics by their opponents. [F. papiste. See Pape, Pope.]
whereon adv.
On which; -- used relatively; as, the earth whereon we live.
spouse v. t.
To wed; to espouse. [See Espouse, and Spouse, n.]
walter v. i.
To roll or wallow; to welter. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.] [See Welter.]
shrift n.
The act of shriving. [OE. shrift, schrift, AS. scrift, fr. scrifan to shrive. See Shrive.]
bluff a.
Having a broad, flattened front; as, the bluff bows of a ship. [Cf. OD. blaf flat, broad, blaffaert one with a broad face, also, a boaster; or G. verblüffen to confuse, LG. bluffen to frighten; to unknown origin.]
harry v. i.
To make a predatory incursion; to plunder or lay waste.
broke v. i.
To transact business for another. Brome. [See Broker, and cf. Brook.]
spence n.
A place where provisions are kept; a buttery; a larder; a pantry. [OF. despense, F. dépense, buffet, buttery, fr. OF. despendre to spend, distribute, L. dispendere, dispensum. See Dispense, Spend.]
adrift adv.
Floating at random; in a drifting condition; at the mercy of wind and waves. Also fig. [Pref. a- (for on) + drift.]
went n.
Course; way; path; journey; direction.
puritanic a.
Of or pertaining to the Puritans, or to their doctrines and practice.
cupid
The god of love, son of Venus; usually represented as a naked, winged boy with bow and arrow. [L.Cupido, fr. cupido desire, desire of love, fr. cupidus. See Cupidity.]
teens n.
The years of one's age having the termination -teen, beginning with thirteen and ending with nineteen; as, a girl in her teens. [See Ten.]
musically adv.
In a musical manner.
flit a.
Nimble; quick; swift. See Fleet.
greensward n.
Turf green with grass.
exquisitely adv.
In an exquisite manner or degree; as, lace exquisitely wrought.
hast
, 2d pers. sing. pres. of. Fave, contr. of havest.
rode n.
Redness; complexion. [See Rud.]
cowslip n.
A common flower in England (Primula veris) having yellow blossoms and appearing in early spring. It is often cultivated in the United States. [AS. c, c, prob. orig., cow's droppings. Cf. Slop, n.]
oxlip n.
The great cowslip (Primula veris, var. elatior). [AS. oxanslyppe. See Ox, and Cowslip.]
chaise n.
A two-wheeled carriage for two persons, with a calash top, and the body hung on leather straps, or thoroughbraces. It is usually drawn by one horse. [F. chaise seat, or chair, chaise or carriage, for chaire, from a peculiar Parisian pronunciation. See Chair.]
dappled a.
Marked with spots of different shades of color; spotted; variegated; as, a dapple horse.
gamesome a.
Gay; sportive; playful; frolicsome; merry.
holt
3d pers. sing. pres. of Hold, contr. from holdeth.
fleetly adv.
In a fleet manner; rapidly.
bole n.
The trunk or stem of a tree, or that which is like it. [OE. bole, fr. Icel. bolr; akin to Sw. bål, Dan. bul, trunk, stem of a tree, G. bohle a thick plank or board; cf. LG. boll round. Cf. Bulge.]
berried a.
Furnished with berries; consisting of a berry; baccate; as, a berried shrub.
muffle n.
The bare end of the nose between the nostrils; -- used esp. of ruminants.
inmost a.
Deepest within; farthest from the surface or external part; innermost. [OE. innemest, AS. innemest, a double superlative form fr. inne within, fr. in in. The modern form is due to confusion with most. See In, and cf. Aftermost, Fore]
caress n.
An act of endearment; any act or expression of affection; an embracing, or touching, with tenderness. [F. caresse, It. carezza, LL. caritia dearness, fr. L. carus dear. See Charity.]
ringlet n.
A small ring; a small circle; specifically, a fairy ring. [Ring + -let.]
whereof adv.
Of which; of whom; formerly, also, with which; -- used relatively.
remiss n.
The act of being remiss; inefficiency; failure.
usury n.
A premium or increase paid, or stipulated to be paid, for a loan, as of money; interest. [OE. usurie, usure, F. usure, L. usura use, usury, interest, fr. uti, p. p. usus, to use. See Use, v. t.]
lull v. t.
To cause to rest by soothing influences; to compose; to calm; to soothe; to quiet. [Akin to OD. lullen to sing to sleep, G. lullen, Dan. lulle, Sw. lulla; all of imitative origin. Cf. Loll, Lollard.]
sunbeam n.
A beam or ray of the sun. [AS. sunnebeam.]
sunny a.
Of or pertaining to the sun; proceeding from, or resembling the sun; hence, shining; bright; brilliant; radiant.
fleck n.
A flake; also, a lock, as of wool. J. Martin.
oakling n.
A young oak. Evelyn.
woodman n.
A forest officer appointed to take care of the king's woods; a forester. [Eng.]
shook v. t.
To pack, as staves, in a shook.
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
magnetise v. t.
To communicate magnetic properties to; as, to magnetize a needle. [Cf. F. magnétiser.]
overset v. t.
To turn or tip (anything) over from an upright, or a proper, position so that it lies upon its side or bottom upwards; to upset; as, to overset a chair, a coach, a ship, or a building.
dismember v. t.
To tear limb from limb; to dilacerate; to disjoin member from member; to tear or cut in pieces; to break up. [OF. desmembrer, F. démembrer; pref. des- (L. dis) + OF. & F. membre limb. See Member.]
towery a.
Having towers; adorned or defended by towers.
gurgle v. i.
To run or flow in a broken, irregular, noisy current, as water from a bottle, or a small stream among pebbles or stones. [Cf. It. gorgogliare to gargle, bubble up, fr. L. gurgulio gullet. Cf. Gargle, Gorge.]
starry a.
Abounding with stars; adorned with stars.
culmination n.
The attainment of the highest point of altitude reached by a heavently body; passage across the meridian; transit. [Cf. F.culmination]
branchy a.
Full of branches; having wide-spreading branches; consisting of branches.
plight v. t.
To weave; to braid; to fold; to plait. [OE. pliten; probably through Old French, fr. LL. plectare, L. plectere. See Plait, Ply.]
troth n.
Belief; faith; fidelity. [A variant of truth. See Truth.]
morn n.
The first part of the day; the morning; -- used chiefly in poetry. [OE. morwen, morgen, AS. morgen; akin to D. morgen, OS. morgan, G. morgen, Icel. morginn, morgunn, Sw. morgon, Dan. morgen, Goth. maúrgins. Cf. Morrow, Morning.]
honour n.
Esteem due or paid to worth; high estimation; respect; consideration; reverence; veneration; manifestation of respect or reverence. [OE. honor, honour, onour, onur, OF. honor, onor, honur, onur, honour, onour, F. honneur, fr. L. honor, honos.]
thessalian a.
Of or pertaining to Thessaly in Greece. [Cf. L. Thessalius.]
ringdove n.
A European wild pigeon (Columba palumbus) having a white crescent on each side of the neck, whence the name. Called also wood pigeon, and cushat.
abode n.
Act of waiting; delay. [OE. abad, abood, fr. abiden to abide. See Abide. For the change of vowel, cf. abode, imp. of abide.]
roundhead n.
A nickname for a Puritan. See Roundheads, the, in the Dictionary of Noted Names in Fiction. Toone.
surly a.
Arrogant; haughty. Cotgrave. [Probably from sir, and originally meaning, sirlike, i.e., proud. See Sir, and Like, a.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

The Talking Oak is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Early Poems of Alfred Lord Tennyson, Project Gutenberg ebook #8601; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Alfred Tennyson, The Talking Oak, in The Early Poems (1830–1842), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #8601, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/tennyson-early-poems/the-talking-oak.html, id L16555.

Form and metre

The Talking Oak is 300 lines in 75 stanzas of 4 lines each. Every stanza rhymes ABAB. The metre is common measure, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 93%). 98% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 7.1 syllables. 8 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 30% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in common measure.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 ABAB fallsA · faceB · wallsA · chaceB
  2. 2 ABAB liesA · smokeB · eyesA · oakB
  3. 3 ABAB beganA · burn'dB · manA · return'dB
  4. 4 ABAB fieldA · restraintB · appeal'dA · saintB
  5. 5 ABAB apartA · choiceB · heartA · voiceB
  6. 6 ABAB heavenA · understandB · givenA · landB
  7. 7 ABAB replyA · hourB · tryA · powerB
  8. 8 ABAB fernA · chaceB · discernA · placeB
  9. 9 ABAB nameA · spouseB · cameA · boughsB
  10. 10 ABAB hereA · graceB · yearA · chaceB
  11. 11 ABAB fatA · sleekB · patA · cheekB
  12. 12 ABAB penceA · shriftB · spenceA · adriftB
  13. 13 ABAB thoseA · thriveB · roseA · fiveB
  14. 14 ABAB strollA · workB · soulA · storkB
  15. 15 ABAB bloodA · praiseB · budA · stays:>B
  16. 16 ABAB groupA · bornB · hoopA · wornB
  17. 17 ABAB gayA · laugh'dB · dayA · shaftB
  18. 18 ABAB prickA · gallB · sickA · allB
  19. 19 ABAB lawA · agoB · sawA · blowB
  20. 20 ABAB greensA · whenB · teensA · tenB
  21. 21 ABAB rainA · earsB · grainA · yearsB
  22. 22 ABAB shadeA · passB · madeA · grassB
  23. 23 ABAB flitA · freshB · knitA · fleshB
  24. 24 ABAB fernA · chaceB · discernA · placeB
  25. 25 ABAB nameA · vowsB · cameA · boughsB
  26. 26 ABAB fairA · townB · chairA · downB
  27. 27 ABAB hisA · joyB · isA · boyB
  28. 28 ABAB straightA · chaiseB · gateA · graysB
  29. 29 ABAB homeA · wentB · comeA · discontentB
  30. 30 ABAB uncutA · shelfB · shutA · herselfB
  31. 31 ABAB coltA · larkB · holtA · parkB
  32. 32 ABAB wingA · wildB · clingA · childB
  33. 33 ABAB blowsA · stirB · roseA · herB
  34. 34 ABAB play'dA · wholeB · madeA · boleB
  35. 35 ABAB mirthA · waistB · girthA · embracedB
  36. 36 ABAB beechA · standsB · eachA · handsB
  37. 37 ABAB sweetA · holdB · feetA · foldB
  38. 38 ABAB fernA · chaceB · discernA · placeB
  39. 39 ABAB nameA · vowsB · cameA · boughsB
  40. 40 ABAB roundA · mineB · foundA · thineB
  41. 41 ABAB sourceA · creptB · coarseA · weptB
  42. 42 ABAB lightA · plainB · sightA · againB
  43. 43 ABAB kindA · wordB · rindA · stirr'dB
  44. 44 ABAB ringA · discern'dB · springA · turn'dB
  45. 45 ABAB caressA · balmB · pressA · palmB
  46. 46 ABAB grovesA · adjustB · lovesA · dustB
  47. 47 ABAB briefA · talkB · leafA · walkB
  48. 48 ABAB foregoneA · stemB · oneA · themB
  49. 49 ABAB remissA · throB · kissA · theretoB
  50. 50 ABAB towersA · leaB · bowersA · meB
  51. 51 ABAB fernA · wellB · learnA · tellB
  52. 52 ABAB warmA · playB · armA · layB
  53. 53 ABAB eavesA · eyesB · leavesA · sighsB
  54. 54 ABAB lifeA · townB · fifeA · ownB
  55. 55 ABAB slipA · eyeB · lipA · butterflyB
  56. 56 ABAB neckA · shineB · fleckA · fineB
  57. 57 ABAB spreadA · restB · headA · breastB
  58. 58 ABAB upA · drewB · cupA · dewB
  59. 59 ABAB giftA · withinB · liftA · kinB
  60. 60 ABAB wasA · treeB · grassA · meB
  61. 61 ABAB meA · kissB · leaA · thisB
  62. 62 ABAB fernA · chaceB · discernA · placeB
  63. 63 ABAB blestA · layB · restA · dayB
  64. 64 ABAB thriceA · winB · magnetiseA · withinB
  65. 65 ABAB oversetA · handB · yetA · landB
  66. 66 ABAB theeA · disjointB · treeA · pointB
  67. 67 ABAB topA · sweetB · dropA · feetB
  68. 68 ABAB growA · swellsB · blowA · bellsB
  69. 69 ABAB rootA · strikesB · shootA · spikesB
  70. 70 ABAB grainA · sleepB · rainA · deepB
  71. 71 ABAB oathA · sideB · trothA · brideB
  72. 72 ABAB fallA · wearB · ballA · hairB
  73. 73 ABAB rhymeA · bothB · limeA · growthB
  74. 74 ABAB satA · spokeB · thatA · oakB
  75. 75 ABAB abodeA · dimB · rodeA · hymnB
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against common measure. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
Once more the gate behind me falls;8········
Once more before my face6······
I see the moulder’d Abbey-walls,8·····/˘·
That stand within the chace.6······
Beyond the lodge the city lies,8·····/˘·
Beneath its drift of smoke;6······
And ah! with what delighted eyes8····˘/˘·
I turn to yonder oak.6···/˘·
For when my passion first began,8···/˘·˘/
Ere that, which in me burn’d,6······
The love, that makes me thrice a man,8········
Could hope itself return’d;6··˘/˘/
To yonder oak within the field8·/˘·····
I spoke without restraint,6····˘/
And with a larger faith appeal’d8···/˘·˘/
Than Papist unto Saint.6·/˘···
For oft I talk’d with him apart,8······˘/
And told him of my choice,6······
Until he plagiarised a heart,8···/˘···
And answer’d with a voice.6·/˘···
Tho’ what he whisper’d, under Heaven9···/˘··/˘
None else could understand;6····˘/
I found him garrulously given,9·······/˘
A babbler in the land.6·/˘···
But since I heard him make reply8······˘/
Is many a weary hour;8·/˘·/˘/˘
’Twere well to question him, and try8···/˘···
If yet he keeps the power.7·····/˘
Hail, hidden to the knees in fern,8·/˘·····
Broad Oak of Sumner-chace,6···/˘·
Whose topmost branches can discern8·/˘/˘·˘/
The roofs of Sumner-place!6···/˘·
Say thou, whereon I carved her name,8··˘/····
If ever maid or spouse,6·/˘···
As fair as my Olivia, came8····˘/˘·
To rest beneath thy boughs.—6······
“O Walter, I have shelter’d here8·/˘··/˘·
Whatever maiden grace6·/˘/˘·
The good old Summers, year by year,8···/˘···
Made ripe in Sumner-chace:6···/˘·
“Old Summers, when the monk was fat,8·/˘·····
And, issuing shorn and sleek,7·/˘˘···
Would twist his girdle tight, and pat8···/˘···
The girls upon the cheek.6······
“Ere yet, in scorn of Peter’s-pence,8·····/˘·
And number’d bead, and shrift,6·/˘···
Bluff Harry broke into the spence,8·/˘·····
And turn’d the cowls adrift:6····˘/
“And I have seen some score of those8········
Fresh faces, that would thrive6·/˘···
When his man-minded offset rose8···/˘/··
To chase the deer at five;6······
“And all that from the town would stroll,8········
Till that wild wind made work6······
In which the gloomy brewer’s soul8···/˘/˘·
Went by me, like a stork:6······
“The slight she-slips of loyal blood,8·····/˘·
And others, passing praise,6·/˘/˘·
Strait-laced, but all too full in bud8········
For puritanic stays:>6······
“And I have shadow’d many a group8···/˘/··
Of beauties, that were born6·/˘···
In teacup-times of hood and hoop,8·/······
Or while the patch was worn;6······
“And, leg and arm with love-knots gay,8········
About me leap’d and laugh’d6······
The Modish Cupid of the day,8·/˘/˘···
And shrill’d his tinsel shaft.6···/˘·
“I swear (and else may insects prick8·····/··
Each leaf into a gall)6······
This girl, for whom your heart is sick,8········
Is three times worth them all;6······
“For those and theirs, by Nature’s law,8·····/˘·
Have faded long ago;6·/˘·˘/
But in these latter springs I saw8···/˘···
Your own Olivia blow,7··˘/˘˘·
“From when she gamboll’d on the greens,8········
A baby-germ, to when6·/˘···
The maiden blossoms of her teens8·/˘/˘···
Could number five from ten.6·/˘···
“I swear, by leaf, and wind, and rain8········
(And hear me with thine ears),6······
That, tho’ I circle in the grain8···/˘···
Five hundred rings of years—6·/˘···
“Yet, since I first could cast a shade,8········
Did never creature pass6·/˘/˘·
So slightly, musically made,7·/˘/˘˘·
So light upon the grass:6······
“For as to fairies, that will flit8···/˘···
To make the greensward fresh,6···/˘·
I hold them exquisitely knit,8····/˘˘·
But far too spare of flesh.”6······
Oh, hide thy knotted knees in fern,8···/˘···
And overlook the chace;6·/˘···
And from thy topmost branch discern8···/˘·˘/
The roofs of Sumner-place.6···/˘·
But thou, whereon I carved her name,8··˘/····
That oft hast heard my vows,6······
Declare when last Olivia came8˘/··˘/˘·
To sport beneath thy boughs.6······
“O yesterday, you know, the fair8·/˘·····
Was holden at the town;6·/˘···
Her father left his good arm-chair,8·/˘·····
And rode his hunter down.6···/˘·
“And with him Albert came on his.8···/˘···
I look’d at him with joy:6······
As cowslip unto oxlip is,8·/˘··/˘·
So seems she to the boy.6······
“An hour had past—and, sitting straight8·/···/˘·
Within the low-wheel’d chaise,6······
Her mother trundled to the gate8·/˘/˘···
Behind the dappled grays.5·····
“But, as for her, she stay’d at home,8········
And on the roof she went,6······
And down the way you use to come,8········
She look’d with discontent.6···˘˘/
“She left the novel half-uncut8···/˘··/
Upon the rosewood shelf;6···/··
She left the new piano shut:8····˘/˘·
She could not please herself.6····˘/
“Then ran she, gamesome as the colt,8···/˘···
And livelier than a lark7·/˘˘···
She sent her voice thro’ all the holt8········
Before her, and the park.6······
“A light wind chased her on the wing,8········
And in the chase grew wild,6······
As close as might be would he cling8········
About the darling child:6···/˘·
“But light as any wind that blows8···/˘···
So fleetly did she stir,6·/˘···
The flower she touch’d on dipt and rose,8·/······
And turn’d to look at her.6······
“And here she came, and round me play’d,8········
And sang to me the whole6······
Of those three stanzas that you made8···/˘···
About my ‘giant bole’;6···/˘·
“And in a fit of frolic mirth8·····/˘·
She strove to span my waist:6······
Alas, I was so broad of girth,8˘/······
I could not be embraced.6····˘/
“I wish’d myself the fair young beech8···/····
That here beside me stands,6··˘/··
That round me, clasping each in each,8···/˘···
She might have lock’d her hands.6······
“Yet seem’d the pressure thrice as sweet8···/˘···
As woodbine’s fragile hold,6···/˘·
Or when I feel about my feet8········
The berried briony fold.”7·/˘/˘˘·
O muffle round thy knees with fern,8·/˘·····
And shadow Sumner-chace!6·/·/˘·
Long may thy topmost branch discern8···/˘·˘/
The roofs of Sumner-place!6···/˘·
But tell me, did she read the name8········
I carved with many vows6···/˘·
When last with throbbing heart I came8···/˘···
To rest beneath thy boughs?6······
“O yes, she wander’d round and round8···/˘···
These knotted knees of mine,6·/˘···
And found, and kiss’d the name she found,8········
And sweetly murmur’d thine.6·/˘/˘·
“A teardrop trembled from its source,8···/˘···
And down my surface crept.6···/˘·
My sense of touch is something coarse,8·····/˘·
But I believe she wept.6··˘/··
“Then flush’d her cheek with rosy light,8·····/˘·
She glanced across the plain;6··˘/··
But not a creature was in sight:8···/˘···
She kiss’d me once again.6····˘/
“Her kisses were so close and kind,8·/˘·····
That, trust me on my word,6······
Hard wood I am, and wrinkled rind,8·····/˘·
But yet my sap was stirr’d:6······
“And even into my inmost ring8·/···/˘·
A pleasure I discern’d6·/˘·˘/
Like those blind motions of the Spring,8···/˘···
That show the year is turn’d.6······
“Thrice-happy he that may caress8·/˘···˘/
The ringlet’s waving balm6···/˘·
The cushions of whose touch may press8·/˘·····
The maiden’s tender palm.6·/˘/˘·
“I, rooted here among the groves,8·/˘·····
But languidly adjust6····˘/
My vapid vegetable loves7·/˘/˘˘·
With anthers and with dust:6······
“For, ah! my friend, the days were brief8········
Whereof the poets talk,6···/˘·
When that, which breathes within the leaf,8········
Could slip its bark and walk.6······
“But could I, as in times foregone,8······//
From spray, and branch, and stem,6······
Have suck’d and gather’d into one8···/˘···
The life that spreads in them,6······
“She had not found me so remiss;8······˘/
But lightly issuing thro’,7·/˘/˘˘·
I would have paid her kiss for kiss8········
With usury thereto.”6·/˘˘˘/
O flourish high, with leafy towers,9·/˘··/˘/˘
And overlook the lea,6·/˘···
Pursue thy loves among the bowers,9˘/·····/˘
But leave thou mine to me.6······
O flourish, hidden deep in fern,8·/˘/˘···
Old oak, I love thee well;6······
A thousand thanks for what I learn8·/˘·····
And what remains to tell.6··˘/··
“’Tis little more: the day was warm;8·/˘·····
At last, tired out with play,7··/˘···
She sank her head upon her arm,8········
And at my feet she lay.6······
“Her eyelids dropp’d their silken eaves.8·/···/˘·
I breathed upon her eyes6······
Thro’ all the summer of my leaves8···/˘···
A welcome mix’d with sighs.6·/˘···
“I took the swarming sound of life—8···/˘···
The music from the town—6·/˘···
The murmurs of the drum and fife8·/˘·····
And lull’d them in my own.6······
“Sometimes I let a sunbeam slip,8˘/···/··
To light her shaded eye;6···/˘·
A second flutter’d round her lip8·/˘/˘···
Like a golden butterfly;7··/˘/˘·
“A third would glimmer on her neck8···/˘···
To make the necklace shine;6···/˘·
Another slid, a sunny fleck,8˘/˘··/˘·
From head to ancle fine.6···/˘·
“Then close and dark my arms I spread,8········
And shadow’d all her rest—6·/˘···
Dropt dews upon her golden head,8·····/˘·
An acorn in her breast.6·/˘···
“But in a pet she started up,8·····/˘·
And pluck’d it out, and drew6······
My little oakling from the cup,8·/˘/˘···
And flung him in the dew.6······
“And yet it was a graceful gift—8·····/˘·
I felt a pang within6······
As when I see the woodman lift8·····/˘·
His axe to slay my kin.6······
“I shook him down because he was8········
The finest on the tree.6·/˘···
He lies beside thee on the grass.8··˘/····
O kiss him once for me.6······
“O kiss him twice and thrice for me,8········
That have no lips to kiss,6······
For never yet was oak on lea8·/˘·····
Shall grow so fair as this.”6······
Step deeper yet in herb and fern,8·/˘·····
Look further thro’ the chace,6·/˘···
Spread upward till thy boughs discern8·/˘···˘/
The front of Sumner-place.6···/˘·
This fruit of thine by Love is blest,8········
That but a moment lay6···/˘·
Where fairer fruit of Love may rest8·/˘·····
Some happy future day.6·/˘/˘·
I kiss it twice, I kiss it thrice,8········
The warmth it thence shall win6······
To riper life may magnetise8········
The baby-oak within.6·/˘···
But thou, while kingdoms overset,8···/˘/˘˘
Or lapse from hand to hand,6······
Thy leaf shall never fail, nor yet8···/˘···
Thine acorn in the land.6·/˘···
May never saw dismember thee,8·/˘·˘/˘·
Nor wielded axe disjoint,6·/˘·˘/
That art the fairest-spoken tree8···/˘/˘·
From here to Lizard-point.6···/˘·
O rock upon thy towery top9·····˘/˘·
All throats that gurgle sweet!6···/˘·
All starry culmination drop8·/˘·˘/˘·
Balm-dews to bathe thy feet!6······
All grass of silky feather grow—8···/˘/˘·
And while he sinks or swells6······
The full south-breeze around thee blow8········
The sound of minster bells.6···/˘·
The fat earth feed thy branchy root,8·····/˘·
That under deeply strikes!6···/˘·
The northern morning o’er thee shoot8·/˘/˘···
High up, in silver spikes!6···/˘·
Nor ever lightning char thy grain,8·/˘/˘···
But, rolling as in sleep,6·/˘···
Low thunders bring the mellow rain,8·/˘··/˘·
That makes thee broad and deep!6······
And hear me swear a solemn oath,8·····/˘·
That only by thy side6·/˘···
Will I to Olive plight my troth,8···/˘···
And gain her for my bride.6······
And when my marriage morn may fall,8···/˘···
She, Dryad-like, shall wear6·/˘···
Alternate leaf and acorn-ball8/˘˘··/˘·
In wreath about her hair.6······
And I will work in prose and rhyme,8········
And praise thee more in both6······
Than bard has honour’d beech or lime,8········
Or that Thessalian growth,7··˘/˘˘·
In which the swarthy ringdove sat,8···/˘/˘·
And mystic sentence spoke;6·/˘/˘·
And more than England honours that,8···/˘/˘·
Thy famous brother-oak,6·/˘/˘·
Wherein the younger Charles abode8···/˘·˘/
Till all the paths were dim,6······
And far below the Roundhead rode,8·····/··
And humm’d a surly hymn.6···/˘·

On this poem

First published in 1842, and republished in all subsequent editions with only two slight alterations: in line 113 a mere variant in spelling, and in line 185, where in place of the present reading the editions between 1842 and 1848 read, “For, ah! the Dryad-days were brief”.

Tennyson told Mr. Aubrey de Vere that the poem was an experiment meant to test the degree in which it is in the power of poetry to humanise external nature. Tennyson might have remembered that Ovid had made the same experiment nearly two thousand years ago, while Goethe had immediately anticipated him in his charming Der Junggesett und der Mühlbach. There was certainly no novelty in such an attempt. The poem is in parts charmingly written, but the oak is certainly “garrulously given,” and comes perilously near to tediousness.
Notes from the edition 6

John Churton Collins's introductions and notes to The Early Poems of Alfred, Lord Tennyson (1900; Project Gutenberg #8601). Note numbers restart with every poem; many of the notes quote variant readings from earlier printings rather than glossing a word.

  1. Stanza 12, line 3 Spence is a larder and buttery. In the Promptorium Parverum it is defined as “cellarium promptuarium”.
  2. Stanza 15, line 4 Cf. Burns’ “godly laces,” To the Unco Righteous.
  3. Stanza 29, line 1 All editions previous to 1853 have ‘staid’.
  4. Stanza 46, line 3 The phrase is Marvell’s. Cf. To his Coy Mistress (a favourite poem of Tennyson’s), “my vegetable loves should grow”.
  5. Stanza 47, line 1 1842 to 1850. “For, ah! the Dryad-days were brief.
  6. Stanza 73, line 4 A reference to the oracular oaks of Dodona which was, of course, in Epirus, but the Ancients believed, no doubt erroneously, that there was another Dodona in Thessaly. See the article “Dodona” in Smith’s Dict. of Greek and Roman Geography.

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

More by Alfred Tennyson