The Armada III

Algernon Charles Swinburne (1837–1909) · 1866

145 lines · from Poems and Ballads

The wings of the south-west wind are widened; the breath of hisfervent lips,More keen than a sword's edge, fiercer than fire, falls full on theplunging ships.The pilot is he of their northward flight, their stay and theirsteersman he;A helmsman clothed with the tempest, and girdled with strength toconstrain the sea.And the host of them trembles and quails, caught fast in his handas a bird in the toils;For the wrath and the joy that fulfil him are mightier than man's,whom he slays and spoils.And vainly, with heart divided in sunder, and labour of waveringwill,The lord of their host takes counsel with hope if haply their starshine still,If haply some light be left them of chance to renew and redeem thefray;But the will of the black south-wester is lord of the councils ofwar to-day.One only spirit it quells not, a splendour undarkened of chance ortime;Be the praise of his foes with Oquendo for ever, a name as a starsublime.But here what aid in a hero's heart, what help in his hand may be?For ever the dark wind whitens and blackens the hollows and heightsof the sea,And galley by galley, divided and desolate, founders; and nonetakes heed,Nor foe nor friend, if they perish; forlorn, cast off in theiruttermost need,They sink in the whelm of the waters, as pebbles by children fromshoreward hurled,In the North Sea's waters that end not, nor know they a bourn butthe bourn of the world.Past many a secure unavailable harbour, and many a loud stream'smouth,Past Humber and Tees and Tyne and Tweed, they fly, scourged on fromthe south,And torn by the scourge of the storm-wind that smites as a harpersmites on a lyre,And consumed of the storm as the sacrifice loved of their God isconsumed with fire,And devoured of the darkness as men that are slain in the fires ofhis love are devoured,And deflowered of their lives by the storms, as by priests is thespirit of life deflowered.For the wind, of its godlike mercy, relents not, and hounds themahead to the north,With English hunters at heel, till now is the herd of them past theForth,All huddled and hurtled seaward; and now need none wage war uponthese,Nor huntsmen follow the quarry whose fall is the pastime sought ofthe seas.Day upon day upon day confounds them, with measureless mists thatswell,With drift of rains everlasting and dense as the fumes of ascendinghell.The visions of priest and of prophet beholding his enemies bruisedof his rodBeheld but the likeness of this that is fallen on the faithful, thefriends of God.Northward, and northward, and northward they stagger and shudderand swerve and flit,Dismantled of masts and of yards, with sails by the fangs of thestorm-wind split.But north of the headland whose name is Wrath, by the wrath or theruth of the sea,They are swept or sustained to the westward, and drive through therollers aloof to the lee.Some strive yet northward for Iceland, and perish: but some throughthe storm-hewn straitsThat sunder the Shetlands and Orkneys are borne of the breath whichis God's or fate's:And some, by the dawn of September, at last give thanks as forstars that smile,For the winds have swept them to shelter and sight of the cliffs ofa Catholic isle.Though many the fierce rocks feed on, and many the mercilessheretic slays,Yet some that have laboured to land with their treasure aretrustful, and give God praise.And the kernes of murderous Ireland, athirst with a greedeverlasting of blood,Unslakable ever with slaughter and spoil, rage down as a raveningflood,To slay and to flay of their shining apparel their brethren whomshipwreck spares;Such faith and such mercy, such love and such manhood, such handsand such hearts are theirs.Short shrift to her foes gives England, but shorter doth Ireland tofriends; and worseFare they that came with a blessing on treason than they that comewith a curse.Hacked, harried, and mangled of axes and skenes, three thousandnaked and deadBear witness of Catholic Ireland, what sons of what sires at herbreasts are bred.Winds are pitiful, waves are merciful, tempest and storm are kind:The waters that smite may spare, and the thunder is deaf, and thelightning is blind:Of these perchance at his need may a man, though they know it not,yet find grace;But grace, if another be hardened against him, he gets not at thisman's face.For his ear that hears and his eye that sees the wreck and the wailof men,And his heart that relents not within him, but hungers, are like asthe wolf's in his den.Worthy are these to worship their master, the murderous Lord oflies,Who hath given to the pontiff his servant the keys of the pit andthe keys of the skies.Wild famine and red-shod rapine are cruel, and bitter with bloodare their feasts;But fiercer than famine and redder than rapine the hands and thehearts of priests.God, God bade these to the battle; and here, on a land by hisservants trod,They perish, a lordly blood-offering, subdued by the hands of theservants of God.These also were fed of his priests with faith, with the milk of hisword and the wine;These too are fulfilled with the spirit of darkness that guidedtheir quest divine.And here, cast up from the ravening sea on the mild land's mercifulbreast,This comfort they find of their fellows in worship; this guerdon istheirs of their quest.Death was captain, and doom was pilot, and darkness the chart oftheir way;Night and hell had in charge and in keeping the host of the foes ofday.Invincible, vanquished, impregnable, shattered, a sign to her foesof fear,A sign to the world and the stars of laughter, the fleet of theLord lies here.Nay, for none may declare the place of the ruin wherein she lies;Nay, for none hath beholden the grave whence never a ghost shallrise.The fleet of the foemen of England hath found not one but athousand graves;And he that shall number and name them shall number by name and bytale the waves.

Words in this poem 35
fervent a.
Hot; glowing; boiling; burning; as, a fervent summer. [F. fervent, L. fervens, -entis. p.pr. of fervere o the boiling hot, to boil, glow.]
northward a.
Toward the north; nearer to the north than to the east or west point. [AS. noredhweard.]
haply adv.
By hap, chance, luck, or accident; perhaps; it may be.
splendour n.
Great brightness; brilliant luster; brilliancy; as, the splendor ot the sun. B. Jonson. [L. fr. splendere to shine: cf. F. splendeur.]
forlorn a.
Deserted abandoned; lost. [OE., p.p. of forlesen to lose utterly, AS. forleósan (p.p. forloren); pref. for- + leósan (in comp.) to lose; cf. D. verliezen to lose, G. verlieren, Sw. förlor]
uttermost a.
Extreme; utmost; being; in the farthest, greatest, or highest degree; as, the uttermost extent or end. [From Utter, a.; cf. Utmost, and Outermost.]
whelm v. t.
To cover with water or other fluid; to cover by immersion in something that envelops on all sides; to overwhelm; to ingulf.
shoreward adv.
Toward the shore.
bourn n.
A stream or rivulet; a burn. [OE. burne, borne, AS. burna; akin to OS. brunno spring, G. born, brunnen, OHG. prunno, Goth. brunna, Icel. brunnr, and perh. to Gr. burn, v., because the source]
harbour n.
A station for rest and entertainment; a place of security and comfort; a refuge; a shelter. [OE herbor, herberwe, herberge, Icel. herbergi (cf. OHG. heriberga), orig., a shelter for soldiers; herr army + bjarga to save, help, defend; akin to AS. here ar]
tweed n.
A soft and flexible fabric for men's wear, made wholly of wool except in some inferior kinds, the wool being dyed, usually in two colors, before weaving. [Probably a corruption of twills. See Twill.]
scourge n.
A lash; a strap or cord; especially, a lash used to inflict pain or punishment; an instrument of punishment or discipline; a whip. [F. escourgée, fr. L. excoriata (sc. scutica) a stripped off (lash or whip), fr. excoriate to strip, to skin. See Excoriate.]
harper n.
A player on the harp; a minstrel. [AS. hearpere.]
ahead adv.
In or to the front; in advance; onward. [Pref. a- + head.]
seaward a.
Directed or situated toward the sea. Donne.
wage v. i.
To bind one's self; to engage.
pastime n.
That which amuses, and serves to make time pass agreeably; sport; amusement; diversion. [Pass + time: cf. F. passetemps.]
measureless a.
Without measure; unlimited; immeasurable.
beholding a.
Obliged; beholden.
flit a.
Nimble; quick; swift. See Fleet.
ruth n.
Sorrow for the misery of another; pity; tenderness. [From Rue, v.: cf. Icel. hryggedh, hrygedh.]
isle v. t.
To cause to become an island, or like an island; to surround or encompass; to island.
heretic n.
One who holds to a heresy; one who believes some doctrine contrary to the established faith or prevailing religion. [L. haereticus, Gr. hérétique. See Heresy.]
laboured a.
Bearing marks of labor and effort; elaborately wrought; not easy or natural; as, labored poetry; a labored style.
trustful a.
Full of trust; trusting.
athirst a.
Wanting drink; thirsty. [OE. ofthurst, AS. ofpyrsted, p. p. of ofpyrstan; pref. of-, intensive + pyrstan to thirst. See Thirst.]
greed n.
An eager desire or longing; greediness; as, a greed of gain. [Akin to Goth. grdus hunger, Icel. graedhr. sq. root34. See Greedy.]
ravening n.
Eagerness for plunder; rapacity; extortion. Luke xi. 39.
shrift n.
The act of shriving. [OE. shrift, schrift, AS. scrift, fr. scrifan to shrive. See Shrive.]
famine n.
General scarcity of food; dearth; a want of provisions; destitution. [F. famine, fr. L. fames hunger; cf. Gr. hani loss, lack, ha to leave.]
bade
A form of the pat tense of Bid.
guerdon n.
A reward; requital; recompense; -- used in both a good and a bad sense. [OF. guerdon, guerredon, LL. widerdonum (influenced by L. donum gift, cf. Donation ), fr. OHG. widarl; widar again, against (G. wider wieder) + lon reward, G. lo]
beholden p. a.
Obliged; bound in gratitude; indebted. [Old p. p. of behold, used in the primitive sense of the simple verb hold.]
ghost n.
The spirit; the soul of man. [OE. gast, gost, soul, spirit, AS. gast breath, spirit, soul; akin to OS. g spirit, soul, D. geest, G. geist, and prob. to E. gaze, ghastly.]
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

The Armada III is in the public domain. This text is taken from Poems and Ballads (Third Series) Taken from The Collected Poetical Works of Algernon Charles Swinburne—Vol. III, Project Gutenberg ebook #18726; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Algernon Charles Swinburne, The Armada III, in Poems and Ballads (1866), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #18726, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/swinburne-poems-ballads/the-armada-iii-2.html, id L25376.

Form and metre

The Armada III is 145 lines in a single stanza.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 -A-A-B-B-C-C-D-D-E-E-F-FG-G-H-H-I-I-J-J-----K-K-L-L-M-M-N-N-O-O-P-P-Q-Q-R-R-S-S-T-T-U-U-V-V-W-WXY-YX-X-Z-Z-a-a-b-b-c-c-d-d-ede-f-f-g-g-h-hi-i-j-j his · lipsA · the · shipsA · their · heB · to · seaB · hand · toilsC · man's · spoilsC · wavering · willD · star · stillD · the · frayE · of · dayE · or · timeF · star · sublimeF · beG · heights · seaG · none · heedH · their · needH · from · hurledI · but · worldI · stream's · mouthJ · from · southJ · harper · lyre · is · fire · of · devouredK · the · defloweredK · them · northL · the · forthL · upon · theseM · of · seasM · that · swellN · ascending · hellN · bruised · rodO · the · godO · shudder · flitP · the · splitP · the · seaQ · the · leeQ · through · straitsR · which · fate'sR · for · smileS · of · isleS · merciless · slaysT · are · praiseT · greed · bloodU · ravening · floodU · whom · sparesV · hands · theirsV · to · worseW · come · curseW · thousandX · deadY · her · bredY · kindX · the · blindX · not · graceZ · this · faceZ · wail · mena · as · dena · of · liesb · and · skiesb · blood · feastsc · the · priestsc · his · trodd · the · godd · his · winee · guidedd · divinee · merciful · breastf · is · questf · of · wayg · of · dayg · foes · fearh · the · hereh · liesi · shall · risei · a · gravesj · by · wavesj
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
The wings of the south-west wind are widened; the breath of his14········/˘····
fervent lips,3/˘·
More keen than a sword's edge, fiercer than fire, falls full on the14······/˘·/····
plunging ships.3/˘·
The pilot is he of their northward flight, their stay and their14·/˘····/˘·····
steersman he;3/˘·
A helmsman clothed with the tempest, and girdled with strength to14·/····/˘·/˘···
constrain the sea.4˘/··
And the host of them trembles and quails, caught fast in his hand14·····/˘·······
as a bird in the toils;6······
For the wrath and the joy that fulfil him are mightier than man's,15···········/˘··
whom he slays and spoils.5·····
And vainly, with heart divided in sunder, and labour of wavering17·/˘··˘/˘·/˘·/··/˘
will,1·
The lord of their host takes counsel with hope if haply their star15······/˘···/˘··
shine still,2··
If haply some light be left them of chance to renew and redeem the17·/˘········˘/·˘/·
fray;1·
But the will of the black south-wester is lord of the councils of16·······/˘····/˘·
war to-day.3···
One only spirit it quells not, a splendour undarkened of chance or16·/˘/····/˘······
time;1·
Be the praise of his foes with Oquendo for ever, a name as a star17·······˘/˘·/·····
sublime.2˘/
But here what aid in a hero's heart, what help in his hand may be?16······/˘········
For ever the dark wind whitens and blackens the hollows and heights15·/···/˘·/˘·/˘··
of the sea,3···
And galley by galley, divided and desolate, founders; and none15·/˘·/˘˘/˘·/˘/··
takes heed,2··
Nor foe nor friend, if they perish; forlorn, cast off in their14······/˘˘/····
uttermost need,4/˘˘·
They sink in the whelm of the waters, as pebbles by children from16·······/˘·/˘·/˘·
shoreward hurled,3/˘·
In the North Sea's waters that end not, nor know they a bourn but15····/˘·········
the bourn of the world.5·····
Past many a secure unavailable harbour, and many a loud stream's16·/·˘/·˘/˘/˘·/···
mouth,1·
Past Humber and Tees and Tyne and Tweed, they fly, scourged on from14·/˘···········
the south,2··
And torn by the scourge of the storm-wind that smites as a harper15·············/˘
smites on a lyre,4····
And consumed of the storm as the sacrifice loved of their God is16·˘/·····/˘······
consumed with fire,5˘/·/˘
And devoured of the darkness as men that are slain in the fires of16·˘/··/˘·······/·
his love are devoured,7···˘/˘˘
And deflowered of their lives by the storms, as by priests is the15···············
spirit of life deflowered.8/˘·····˘
For the wind, of its godlike mercy, relents not, and hounds them15·····/˘/˘˘/····
ahead to the north,5˘/···
With English hunters at heel, till now is the herd of them past the16·/˘/˘···········
Forth,1·
All huddled and hurtled seaward; and now need none wage war upon16·/˘·/˘/˘········
these,1·
Nor huntsmen follow the quarry whose fall is the pastime sought of16···/˘·/˘····/···
the seas.2··
Day upon day upon day confounds them, with measureless mists that16·······˘/··/˘˘··
swell,1·
With drift of rains everlasting and dense as the fumes of ascending17·····˘/˘······˘/˘
hell.1·
The visions of priest and of prophet beholding his enemies bruised16·/˘····/˘˘/˘·/˘·
of his rod3···
Beheld but the likeness of this that is fallen on the faithful, the17˘/··/˘····/˘··/˘·
friends of God.3···
Northward, and northward, and northward they stagger and shudder14/˘·/˘·/˘·/˘·/˘
and swerve and flit,4····
Dismantled of masts and of yards, with sails by the fangs of the15˘/˘············
storm-wind split.3···
But north of the headland whose name is Wrath, by the wrath or the15····/˘·········
ruth of the sea,4····
They are swept or sustained to the westward, and drive through the14····˘/··/˘····
rollers aloof to the lee.7/˘˘/···
Some strive yet northward for Iceland, and perish: but some through14···/˘·/˘·/˘···
the storm-hewn straits4····
That sunder the Shetlands and Orkneys are borne of the breath which15·/˘·/˘·/˘······
is God's or fate's:4····
And some, by the dawn of September, at last give thanks as for15······˘/˘······
stars that smile,3···
For the winds have swept them to shelter and sight of the cliffs of15·······/˘······
a Catholic isle.4·/˘·
Though many the fierce rocks feed on, and many the merciless12·/······/·/˘
heretic slays,4/˘˘·
Yet some that have laboured to land with their treasure are13····/˘····/˘·
trustful, and give God praise.6/˘····
And the kernes of murderous Ireland, athirst with a greed13····/˘/˘˘/···
everlasting of blood,6·˘/˘··
Unslakable ever with slaughter and spoil, rage down as a ravening16····/·/˘······/˘
flood,1·
To slay and to flay of their shining apparel their brethren whom16·······/˘˘/˘·/˘·
shipwreck spares;3/˘·
Such faith and such mercy, such love and such manhood, such hands14····/˘····/···
and such hearts are theirs.5·····
Short shrift to her foes gives England, but shorter doth Ireland to15······/˘·/˘·/˘·
friends; and worse3···
Fare they that came with a blessing on treason than they that come15······/˘·/˘····
with a curse.3···
Hacked, harried, and mangled of axes and skenes, three thousand14·/˘·/˘·/˘···/˘
naked and dead4/˘··
Bear witness of Catholic Ireland, what sons of what sires at her15·/˘·/˘/˘·······
breasts are bred.3···
Winds are pitiful, waves are merciful, tempest and storm are kind:14··/˘··/˘/˘····
The waters that smite may spare, and the thunder is deaf, and the15·/˘······/˘····
lightning is blind:4/˘··
Of these perchance at his need may a man, though they know it not,15··˘/···········
yet find grace;3···
But grace, if another be hardened against him, he gets not at this17···˘/˘·/˘········
man's face.2··
For his ear that hears and his eye that sees the wreck and the wail15···············
of men,2··
And his heart that relents not within him, but hungers, are like as16····˘/·····/˘···
the wolf's in his den.5·····
Worthy are these to worship their master, the murderous Lord of15/˘···/˘·/˘·/˘··
lies,1·
Who hath given to the pontiff his servant the keys of the pit and16··/··/˘·/˘······
the keys of the skies.5·····
Wild famine and red-shod rapine are cruel, and bitter with blood15·/˘···/˘·/·/˘··
are their feasts;3···
But fiercer than famine and redder than rapine the hands and the16·/˘·/˘·/˘·/˘····
hearts of priests.3···
God, God bade these to the battle; and here, on a land by his15······/˘·······
servants trod,3/˘·
They perish, a lordly blood-offering, subdued by the hands of the16·/˘·/˘·/˘˘/·····
servants of God.4/˘··
These also were fed of his priests with faith, with the milk of his15·/˘············
word and the wine;4····
These too are fulfilled with the spirit of darkness that guided14···˘/··/·/˘·/˘
their quest divine.4··˘/
And here, cast up from the ravening sea on the mild land's merciful15······/˘·····/˘
breast,1·
This comfort they find of their fellows in worship; this guerdon is16·/˘····/˘·/˘·/˘·
theirs of their quest.4····
Death was captain, and doom was pilot, and darkness the chart of15··/˘···/˘·/˘···
their way;2··
Night and hell had in charge and in keeping the host of the foes of16········/˘······
day.1·
Invincible, vanquished, impregnable, shattered, a sign to her foes15˘/˘/˘˘/˘/˘·····
of fear,2··
A sign to the world and the stars of laughter, the fleet of the15·········/˘····
Lord lies here.3···
Nay, for none may declare the place of the ruin wherein she lies;15····˘/····/····
Nay, for none hath beholden the grave whence never a ghost shall14····˘/˘···/···
rise.1·
The fleet of the foemen of England hath found not one but a15·······/˘······
thousand graves;3/˘·
And he that shall number and name them shall number by name and by16····/˘····/˘····
tale the waves.3···

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