From

John Skelton (c. 1460–1529) · 1500–1529

iambic dimeter · rhyming couplets · 107 lines · from Poetical Works, Volume I

A Skeltonicall Salutation,Or condigne gratulation,And iust vexationOf the Spanish Nation,That in a bravado,Spent many a Crusado,In setting forth an ArmadoEngland to invado.

“O king of Spaine,Is it not a paineTo thy heart and braineAnd euery vaine,To see thy traineFor to sustaine,Withouten gaine,The worlds disdaine,Which doth dispiseAs toies and lies,With shoutes and cries,Thy enterprise,As fitter for piesAnd butter-flies,Then men so wise?O waspish king,Wheres now thy sting,Thy dart or sling,Or strong bow-string,That should vs wring,And vnderbring,Who euery wayThee vexe and pay,And beare the swayBy night and day,To thy dismay,In battle aray,And every fray?O pufte with pride,What foolish guideMade thee provideTo over-rideThis land so wideFrom side to side,And then, vntride,Away to slide,And not to abide,But all in a ringAway to fling?O conquering,O vanquishing,With fast flying,And no replying,For feare of frying!But who but Philippus,That seeketh to nip vs,To rob vs, and strip vs,And then for to whip vs,Would ever haue ment,Or had intent,Or hither sentSuch ships of charge,So strong and so large,Nay, the worst barge,Trusting to treason,And not to reason,Which at that seasonTo him was geson,As doth appeareBoth plaine and cleareTo far and neere,To his confusion,By this conclusion,Which thus is framed,And must be namedArgumentum a minore,Cum horrore et timore?If one Drake o,One poore snake o,Make vs shake o,Tremble and quake o,Were it not, trow yee,A madnes for meTo vndertakeA warre to makeWith such a lande,That is so mande,Wherein there beOf certaintieAs hungrie as heMany a thousand more,That long full soreFor Indian golde,Which makes men bolde?” &c.

A poem called Philargyrie of greate Britayne, 1551, printed (and nodoubt written) by Robert Crowly, has been frequently mentioned as a“Skeltonic” composition, but improperly, as the following lines will shew;

“Geue eare awhyle,And marke my style,You that hath wyt in store;For wyth wordes bareI wyll declareThyngs done long tyme before.Sometyme certayneInto Britayne,A lande full of plentie,A gyaunte greateCame to seke meate,Whose name was Philargyrie,” &c.

Words in this poem

gratulation n.
The act of gratulating or felicitating; congratulation. [L. gratulatio.]
bravado n.
Boastful and threatening behavior; a boastful menace. [Sp. bravada, bravata, boast, brag: cf. F. bravade. See Brave.]
crusado n.
An old Portuguese coin, worth about seventy cents. [Pg. cruzado, fr. cruz, fr. L. crux. See Crusade, 3.]
fitter n.
A little piece; a flitter; a flinder.
waspish a.
Resembling a wasp in form; having a slender waist, like a wasp.
drake n.
The male of the duck kind. [Akin to LG. drake, OHG. antrache, anetrecho, G. enterich, Icel. andriki, Dan. andrik, OSw. andrak, andrage, masc., and fr. AS. ened, fem., duck; akin to D. eend]
trow v. i.
To believe; to trust; to think or suppose. [OE. trowen, AS.treówan to trust, believe, fr. treów trust, treówe true, faithful. See True.]
golde n.
An old English name of some yellow flower, -- the marigold (Calendula), according to Dr. Prior, but in Chaucer perhaps the turnsole.
shew n.
Show. [Obs. except in shewbread.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

From is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Poetical Works of John Skelton, Volume 1 (of 2), Project Gutenberg ebook #59997; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: John Skelton, From, in Poetical Works, Volume I (1500–1529), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #59997, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/skelton-poems/from.html, id L08625.

Form and metre

From is 107 lines in 4 verse paragraphs. It is in rhyming couplets, 64% of the lines. The metre is iambic dimeter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 86%). 97% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 5.0 syllables. 19 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 30% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in rhyming couplets, other poems in iambic dimeter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 AAAABBBB salutationA · gratulationA · vexationA · nationA · bravadoB · crusadoB · armadoB · invadoB
  2. 2 AAAAAAAABBBBBBBCCCCCCDDDDD-DEEEEEEEEEFFFFFFF----GGGHHHIII-JJJKKLLMM----NNOOPPQ-QRR-- spaineA · paineA · braineA · vaineA · traineA · sustaineA · gaineA · disdaineA · dispiseB · liesB · criesB · enterpriseB · piesB · fliesB · wiseB · kingC · stingC · slingC · stringC · wringC · vnderbringC · wayD · payD · swayD · dayD · dismayD · aray · frayD · prideE · guideE · provideE · rideE · wideE · sideE · vntrideE · slideE · abideE · ringF · flingF · conqueringF · vanquishingF · flyingF · replyingF · fryingF · philippus · — · — · — · mentG · intentG · sentG · chargeH · largeH · bargeH · treasonI · reasonI · seasonI · geson · appeareJ · cleareJ · neereJ · confusionK · conclusionK · framedL · namedL · minoreM · timoreM · o · o · o · o · yeeN · meN · vndertakeO · makeO · landeP · mandeP · beQ · certaintie · heQ · moreR · soreR · golde · —
  3. 4 AABCCBDD-EE- awhyleA · styleA · storeB · bareC · declareC · beforeB · certayneD · britayneD · plentie · greateE · meateE · —
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic dimeter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
A Skeltonicall Salutation,9·········
Or condigne gratulation,7···/˘˘˘
And iust vexation5··˘/˘
Of the Spanish Nation,6··/˘/˘
That in a bravado,6···˘/˘
Spent many a Crusado,7·/˘·˘/˘
In setting forth an Armado8·/˘··˘/˘
England to invado.6/˘····
“O king of Spaine,4····
Is it not a paine5·····
To thy heart and braine5·····
And euery vaine,4····
To see thy traine4····
For to sustaine,4····
Withouten gaine,4˘/˘·
The worlds disdaine,4····
Which doth dispise4····
As toies and lies,4····
With shoutes and cries,4····
Thy enterprise,4·/˘·
As fitter for pies5·/˘··
And butter-flies,4·/˘·
Then men so wise?4····
O waspish king,4·/˘·
Wheres now thy sting,4····
Thy dart or sling,4····
Or strong bow-string,4····
That should vs wring,5··/˘·
And vnderbring,3···
Who euery way4····
Thee vexe and pay,4····
And beare the sway4····
By night and day,4····
To thy dismay,4··˘/
In battle aray,5·/˘··
And every fray?5·/˘˘·
O pufte with pride,4····
What foolish guide4·/˘·
Made thee provide4··˘/
To over-ride4····
This land so wide4····
From side to side,4····
And then, vntride,3···
Away to slide,4˘/··
And not to abide,5···˘/
But all in a ring5·····
Away to fling?4˘/··
O conquering,4·/˘˘
O vanquishing,4·/˘˘
With fast flying,4··/˘
And no replying,5··˘/˘
For feare of frying!5···/˘
But who but Philippus,6······
That seeketh to nip vs,7·/˘··/˘
To rob vs, and strip vs,8··/˘··/˘
And then for to whip vs,7·····/˘
Would ever haue ment,5·/˘··
Or had intent,4··˘/
Or hither sent4·/˘·
Such ships of charge,4····
So strong and so large,5·····
Nay, the worst barge,4····
Trusting to treason,5/˘·/˘
And not to reason,5···/˘
Which at that season5···/˘
To him was geson,5·····
As doth appeare4····
Both plaine and cleare4····
To far and neere,4····
To his confusion,5··˘/˘
By this conclusion,5··˘/˘
Which thus is framed,4····
And must be named4····
Argumentum a minore,7·······
Cum horrore et timore?6······
If one Drake o,4····
One poore snake o,4····
Make vs shake o,5·/˘··
Tremble and quake o,5/˘···
Were it not, trow yee,5·····
A madnes for me4····
To vndertake3···
A warre to make4····
With such a lande,4····
That is so mande,4····
Wherein there be4····
Of certaintie4····
As hungrie as he5·····
Many a thousand more,6/˘·/˘·
That long full sore4····
For Indian golde,5·/˘˘·
Which makes men bolde?” &c.5·····
A poem called Philargyrie of greate Britayne, 1551, printed (and no15·/·········/˘··
doubt written) by Robert Crowly, has been frequently mentioned as a16·/˘·/˘····/˘/˘··
“Skeltonic” composition, but improperly, as the following lines will shew;18····˘/˘·˘/˘··/˘···
“Geue eare awhyle,5·····
And marke my style,4····
You that hath wyt in store;6······
For wyth wordes bare4····
I wyll declare4··˘/
Thyngs done long tyme before.6······
Sometyme certayne5·····
Into Britayne,4····
A lande full of plentie,6······
A gyaunte greate3···
Came to seke meate,4····
Whose name was Philargyrie,” &c.8········

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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