Canto IV

Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792–1822) · 1813–1820

iambic pentameter · spenserian stanza · 306 lines · from Alastor, and Other Poems

The old man took the oars, and soon the barkSmote on the beach beside a tower of stone;It was a crumbling heap, whose portal darkWith blooming ivy-trails was overgrown;Upon whose floor the spangling sands were strown,And rarest sea-shells, which the eternal flood,Slave to the mother of the months, had thrownWithin the walls of that gray tower, which stoodA changeling of man's art nursed amid Nature's brood.

When the old man his boat had anchored,He wound me in his arms with tender care,And very few, but kindly words he said,And bore me through the tower adown a stair,Whose smooth descent some ceaseless step to wearFor many a year had fallen.--We came at lastTo a small chamber, which with mosses rareWas tapestried, where me his soft hands placedUpon a couch of grass and oak-leaves interlaced.

The moon was darting through the latticesIts yellow light, warm as the beams of day--So warm, that to admit the dewy breeze,The old man opened them; the moonlight layUpon a lake whose waters wove their playEven to the threshold of that lonely home:Within was seen in the dim wavering rayThe antique sculptured roof, and many a tomeWhose lore had made that sage all that he had become.

The rock-built barrier of the sea was past,--And I was on the margin of a lake,A lonely lake, amid the forests vastAnd snowy mountains:--did my spirit wakeFrom sleep as many-coloured as the snakeThat girds eternity? in life and truth,Might not my heart its cravings ever slake?Was Cythna then a dream, and all my youth,And all its hopes and fears, and all its joy and ruth?

Thus madness came again,--a milder madness,Which darkened nought but time's unquiet flowWith supernatural shades of clinging sadness;That gentle Hermit, in my helpless woe,By my sick couch was busy to and fro,Like a strong spirit ministrant of good:When I was healed, he led me forth to showThe wonders of his sylvan solitude,And we together sate by that isle-fretted flood.

He knew his soothing words to weave with skillFrom all my madness told; like mine own heart,Of Cythna would he question me, untilThat thrilling name had ceased to make me start,From his familiar lips--it was not art,Of wisdom and of justice when he spoke--When mid soft looks of pity, there would dartA glance as keen as is the lightning's strokeWhen it doth rive the knots of some ancestral oak.

Thus slowly from my brain the darkness rolled,My thoughts their due array did re-assumeThrough the enchantments of that Hermit old;Then I bethought me of the glorious doomOf those who sternly struggle to relumeThe lamp of Hope o'er man's bewildered lot,And, sitting by the waters, in the gloomOf eve, to that friend's heart I told my thought--That heart which had grown old, but had corrupted not.

That hoary man had spent his livelong ageIn converse with the dead, who leave the stampOf ever-burning thoughts on many a page,When they are gone into the senseless dampOf graves;--his spirit thus became a lampOf splendour, like to those on which it fed;Through peopled haunts, the City and the Camp,Deep thirst for knowledge had his footsteps led,And all the ways of men among mankind he read.

But custom maketh blind and obdurateThe loftiest hearts;--he had beheld the woeIn which mankind was bound, but deemed that fateWhich made them abject, would preserve them so;And in such faith, some steadfast joy to know,He sought this cell: but when fame went abroadThat one in Argolis did undergoTorture for liberty, and that the crowdHigh truths from gifted lips had heard and understood;

And that the multitude was gathering wide,--His spirit leaped within his aged frame;In lonely peace he could no more abide,But to the land on which the victor's flameHad fed, my native land, the Hermit came:Each heart was there a shield, and every tongueWas as a sword of truth--young Laon's nameRallied their secret hopes, though tyrants sungHymns of triumphant joy our scattered tribes among.

He came to the lone column on the rock,And with his sweet and mighty eloquenceThe hearts of those who watched it did unlock,And made them melt in tears of penitence.They gave him entrance free to bear me thence.'Since this,' the old man said, 'seven years are spent,While slowly truth on thy benighted senseHas crept; the hope which wildered it has lentMeanwhile, to me the power of a sublime intent.

'Yes, from the records of my youthful state,And from the lore of bards and sages old,From whatsoe'er my wakened thoughts createOut of the hopes of thine aspirings bold,Have I collected language to unfoldTruth to my countrymen; from shore to shoreDoctrines of human power my words have told,They have been heard, and men aspire to moreThan they have ever gained or ever lost of yore.

'In secret chambers parents read, and weep,My writings to their babes, no longer blind;And young men gather when their tyrants sleep,And vows of faith each to the other bind;And marriageable maidens, who have pinedWith love, till life seemed melting through their look,A warmer zeal, a nobler hope, now find;And every bosom thus is rapt and shook,Like autumn's myriad leaves in one swoln mountain-brook.

'The tyrants of the Golden City trembleAt voices which are heard about the streets;The ministers of fraud can scarce dissembleThe lies of their own heart, but when one meetsAnother at the shrine, he inly weets,Though he says nothing, that the truth is known;Murderers are pale upon the judgement-seats,And gold grows vile even to the wealthy crone,And laughter fills the Fane, and curses shake the Throne.

'Kind thoughts, and mighty hopes, and gentle deedsAbound, for fearless love, and the pure lawOf mild equality and peace, succeedsTo faiths which long have held the world in awe,Bloody and false, and cold:--as whirlpools drawAll wrecks of Ocean to their chasm, the swayOf thy strong genius, Laon, which foresawThis hope, compels all spirits to obey,Which round thy secret strength now throng in wide array.

'For I have been thy passive instrument'--(As thus the old man spake, his countenanceGleamed on me like a spirit's)--'thou hast lentTo me, to all, the power to advanceTowards this unforeseen deliveranceFrom our ancestral chains--ay, thou didst rearThat lamp of hope on high, which time nor chanceNor change may not extinguish, and my shareOf good, was o'er the world its gathered beams to bear.

'But I, alas! am both unknown and old,And though the woof of wisdom I know wellTo dye in hues of language, I am coldIn seeming, and the hopes which inly dwell,My manners note that I did long repel;But Laon's name to the tumultuous throngWere like the star whose beams the waves compelAnd tempests, and his soul-subduing tongueWere as a lance to quell the mailed crest of wrong.

'Perchance blood need not flow, if thou at lengthWouldst rise, perchance the very slaves would spareTheir brethren and themselves; great is the strengthOf words--for lately did a maiden fair,Who from her childhood has been taught to bearThe Tyrant's heaviest yoke, arise, and makeHer sex the law of truth and freedom hear,And with these quiet words--"for thine own sakeI prithee spare me;"--did with ruth so take

'All hearts, that even the torturer who had boundHer meek calm frame, ere it was yet impaled,Loosened her, weeping then; nor could be foundOne human hand to harm her--unassailedTherefore she walks through the great City, veiledIn virtue's adamantine eloquence,'Gainst scorn, and death and pain thus trebly mailed,And blending, in the smiles of that defence,The Serpent and the Dove, Wisdom and Innocence.

'The wild-eyed women throng around her path:From their luxurious dungeons, from the dustOf meaner thralls, from the oppressor's wrath,Or the caresses of his sated lustThey congregate:--in her they put their trust;The tyrants send their armed slaves to quellHer power;--they, even like a thunder-gustCaught by some forest, bend beneath the spellOf that young maiden's speech, and to their chiefs rebel.

'Thus she doth equal laws and justice teachTo woman, outraged and polluted long;Gathering the sweetest fruit in human reachFor those fair hands now free, while armed wrongTrembles before her look, though it be strong;Thousands thus dwell beside her, virgins bright,And matrons with their babes, a stately throng!Lovers renew the vows which they did plightIn early faith, and hearts long parted now unite,

'And homeless orphans find a home near her,And those poor victims of the proud, no less,Fair wrecks, on whom the smiling world with stir,Thrusts the redemption of its wickedness:--In squalid huts, and in its palacesSits Lust alone, while o'er the land is borneHer voice, whose awful sweetness doth repressAll evil, and her foes relenting turn,And cast the vote of love in hope's abandoned urn.

'So in the populous City, a young maidenHas baffled Havoc of the prey which heMarks as his own, whene'er with chains o'erladenMen make them arms to hurl down tyranny,--False arbiter between the bound and free;And o'er the land, in hamlets and in townsThe multitudes collect tumultuously,And throng in arms; but tyranny disownsTheir claim, and gathers strength around its trembling thrones.

'Blood soon, although unwillingly, to shedThe free cannot forbear--the Queen of Slaves,The hoodwinked Angel of the blind and dead,Custom, with iron mace points to the gravesWhere her own standard desolately wavesOver the dust of Prophets and of Kings.Many yet stand in her array--"she pavesHer path with human hearts," and o'er it flingsThe wildering gloom of her immeasurable wings.

'There is a plain beneath the City's wall,Bounded by misty mountains, wide and vast,Millions there lift at Freedom's thrilling callTen thousand standards wide, they load the blastWhich bears one sound of many voices past,And startles on his throne their sceptred foe:He sits amid his idle pomp aghast,And that his power hath passed away, doth know--Why pause the victor swords to seal his overthrow?

'The tyrant's guards resistance yet maintain:Fearless, and fierce, and hard as beasts of blood,They stand a speck amid the peopled plain;Carnage and ruin have been made their foodFrom infancy--ill has become their good,And for its hateful sake their will has woveThe chains which eat their hearts. The multitudeSurrounding them, with words of human love,Seek from their own decay their stubborn minds to move.

'Over the land is felt a sudden pause,As night and day those ruthless bands around,The watch of love is kept:--a trance which awesThe thoughts of men with hope; as when the soundOf whirlwind, whose fierce blasts the waves and clouds confound,Dies suddenly, the mariner in fearFeels silence sink upon his heart--thus bound,The conquerors pause, and oh! may freemen ne'erClasp the relentless knees of Dread, the murderer!

'If blood be shed, 'tis but a change and choiceOf bonds,--from slavery to cowardiceA wretched fall!--Uplift thy charmed voice!Pour on those evil men the love that liesHovering within those spirit-soothing eyes--Arise, my friend, farewell!'--As thus he spake,From the green earth lightly I did arise,As one out of dim dreams that doth awake,And looked upon the depth of that reposing lake.

I saw my countenance reflected there;--And then my youth fell on me like a windDescending on still waters--my thin hairWas prematurely gray, my face was linedWith channels, such as suffering leaves behind,Not age; my brow was pale, but in my cheekAnd lips a flush of gnawing fire did findTheir food and dwelling; though mine eyes might speakA subtle mind and strong within a frame thus weak.

And though their lustre now was spent and faded,Yet in my hollow looks and withered mienThe likeness of a shape for which was braidedThe brightest woof of genius, still was seen--One who, methought, had gone from the world's scene,And left it vacant--'twas her lover's face--It might resemble her--it once had beenThe mirror of her thoughts, and still the graceWhich her mind's shadow cast, left there a lingering trace.

What then was I? She slumbered with the dead.Glory and joy and peace, had come and gone.Doth the cloud perish, when the beams are fledWhich steeped its skirts in gold? or, dark and lone,Doth it not through the paths of night unknown,On outspread wings of its own wind upbornePour rain upon the earth? The stars are shown,When the cold moon sharpens her silver hornUnder the sea, and make the wide night not forlorn.

Strengthened in heart, yet sad, that aged manI left, with interchange of looks and tears,And lingering speech, and to the Camp beganMy war. O'er many a mountain-chain which rearsIts hundred crests aloft, my spirit bearsMy frame; o'er many a dale and many a moor,And gaily now meseems serene earth wearsThe blosmy spring's star-bright investiture,A vision which aught sad from sadness might allure.

My powers revived within me, and I went,As one whom winds waft o'er the bending grass,Through many a vale of that broad continent.At night when I reposed, fair dreams did passBefore my pillow;--my own Cythna was,Not like a child of death, among them ever;When I arose from rest, a woful massThat gentlest sleep seemed from my life to sever,As if the light of youth were not withdrawn for ever.

Aye as I went, that maiden who had rearedThe torch of Truth afar, of whose high deedsThe Hermit in his pilgrimage had heard,Haunted my thoughts.--Ah, Hope its sickness feedsWith whatsoe'er it finds, or flowers or weeds!Could she be Cythna?--Was that corpse a shadeSuch as self-torturing thought from madness breeds?Why was this hope not torture? Yet it madeA light around my steps which would not ever fade.

Words in this poem 82
changeling n.
One who, or that which, is left or taken in the place of another, as a child exchanged by fairies. [Change + -ling.]
amid prep.
In the midst or middle of; surrounded or encompassed by; among. [OE. amidde, amiddes, on midden, AS. on middan, in the middle, fr. midde the middle. The s is an adverbial ending, originally marking the genitive; the t is a la]
anchored a.
Held by an anchor; at anchor; held safely; as, an anchored bark; also, shaped like an anchor; forked; as, an anchored tongue.
adown adv.
From a higher to a lower situation; downward; down, to or on the ground. [OE. adun, adoun, adune. AS. of dune off the hill. See Down.]
ceaseless a.
Without pause or end; incessant.
wove
p. pr. & rare vb. n. of Weave.
snowy a.
White like snow.
coloured a.
Having color; tinged; dyed; painted; stained.
ruth n.
Sorrow for the misery of another; pity; tenderness. [From Rue, v.: cf. Icel. hryggedh, hrygedh.]
unquiet v. t.
To disquiet. Ld. Herbert. [1st pref. un- + quiet.]
sadness n.
Heaviness; firmness.
ministrant a.
Performing service as a minister; attendant on service; acting under command; subordinate. [L. ministrans, -antis, of ministrare to minister.]
sate v. t.
To satisfy the desire or appetite of; to satiate; to glut; to surfeit. [Probably shortened fr. satiate: cf. L. satus full. See Satiate.]
isle v. t.
To cause to become an island, or like an island; to surround or encompass; to island.
thrilling a.
Causing a thrill; causing tremulous excitement; deeply moving; as, a thrilling romance.
spoke n.
The radius or ray of a wheel; one of the small bars which are inserted in the hub, or nave, and which serve to support the rim or felly. [OE. spoke, spake, AS, spaca; akin to D. speek, LG. speke, OHG. speihha, G. speiche. sq. root170. Cf. Spike a nail.]
glorious a.
Exhibiting attributes, qualities, or acts that are worthy of or receive glory; noble; praiseworthy; excellent; splendid; illustrious; inspiring admiration; as, glorious deeds. [OF. glorios, glorious, F. glorieux, fr. L. gloriosus. See Glory, n.]
sternly adv.
In a stern manner.
relume v. t.
To rekindle; to light again. [OF. relumer (cf. F. rallumer), L. reluminare; pref. re- re- + luminare to light. Cf. Reillume.]
hoary a.
White or whitish."The hoary willows."
livelong a.
Whole; entire; long in passing; -- used of time, as day or night, in adverbial phrases, and usually with a sense of tediousness. [For lifelong. Cf. Lifelong.]
splendour n.
Great brightness; brilliant luster; brilliancy; as, the splendor ot the sun. B. Jonson. [L. fr. splendere to shine: cf. F. splendeur.]
peopled a.
Stocked with, or as with, people; inhabited.
abject a.
Cast down; low-lying. [L. abjectus, p. p. of abjicere to throw away; ab + jacere to throw. See Jet a shooting forth.]
went n.
Course; way; path; journey; direction.
undergo v. t.
To go or move below or under. [AS. undergan. See Under, and Go.]
lone n.
A lane. See Loanin.
unlock v. t.
To unfasten, as what is locked; as, to unlock a door or a chest. [Cf. AS. unl. See 1st Un-, and Lock, v. t.]
meanwhile n.
The intervening time; as, in the meantime (or mean time).
aspire v. t.
To aspire to; to long for; to try to reach; to mount to.
yore adv.
In time long past; in old time; long since. [OE. , yare, , AS. geára;akin to geár a year, E. year. Year.]
rapt n.
An ecstasy; a trance. Bp. Morton. [From F. rapt abduction, rape, L. raptus, fr. rapere to seize and carry off, to transport; or fr. E. rapt, a. See Rapt, a., and Rapid.]
shook v. t.
To pack, as staves, in a shook.
myriad n.
The number of ten thousand; ten thousand persons or things. [Gr. myriade.]
swoln
Contraction of Swollen, p. p.
scarce a.
Not plentiful or abundant; in small quantity in proportion to the demand; not easily to be procured; rare; uncommon. [OE. scars, OF. escars, eschars, LL. scarpsus, for L. excerptus, p. p. of excerpere to pick out, and hence to contract, to shorten; ex (see Ex-) + carpere. See C]
dissemble v. t.
To hide under a false semblance or seeming; to feign (something) not to be what it really is; to put an untrue appearance upon; to disguise; to mask. [OF. dissembler to be dissimilar; pref. dis- (L. dis-) + F. sembler to seem, L. simulare to simulate; cf. L. dissimulare to dissemble. See Simulate, and cf. Diss]
inly a.
Internal; interior; secret. [OE. inlich, AS. inlic. See In.]
crone n.
An old ewe. Tusser. [OD. kronie, karonie, an old sheep, OF. carogne, F. charogne, carrion (also F. carogne illnatured woman.). See Carrion, and Crony.]
fane n.
A temple; a place consecrated to religion; a church. [L. fanum a place dedicated to some deity, a sanctuary, fr. fari to speak. See Fame.]
hast
, 2d pers. sing. pres. of. Fave, contr. of havest.
didst
, the 2d pers. sing. imp. of Do.
dwell v. i.
To delay; to linger. [OE. dwellen, dwelien, to err, linger, AS. dwellan to deceive, hinder, delay, dwelian to err; akin to Icel. dvelja to delay, tarry, Sw. dväljas to dwell, Dan. dv]
quell v. t.
To take the life of; to kill. [OE. quellen to kill, AS. cwellan, causative of cwelan to die; akin to OHG. quellen to torment, Icel. kvelja. See Quail to cower.]
mailed a.
Protected by an external coat, or covering, of scales or plates.
childhood n.
The state of being a child; the time in which persons are children; the condition or time from infancy to puberty. [AS. cildhad; cild child + -had. See Child, and hood.]
prithee interj.
A corruption of pray thee; as, I prithee; generally used without I.
torturer n.
One who tortures; a tormentor.
veiled a.
Covered by, or as by, a veil; hidden.
trebly adv.
In a treble manner; with a threefold number or quantity; triply.
blending n.
The act of mingling.
defence n.
The act of defending, or the state of being defended; protection, as from violence or danger. [F. défense, OF. defense, fem., defens, masc., fr. L. defensa (cf. Fence.]
lust v. i.
To list; to like. [AS. lystan. See Lust, n., and cf. List to choose.]
rebel a.
Pertaining to rebels or rebellion; acting in revolt; rebellious; as, rebel troops. [F. rebelle, fr. L. rebellis. See Rebel, v. t.]
plight v. t.
To weave; to braid; to fold; to plait. [OE. pliten; probably through Old French, fr. LL. plectare, L. plectere. See Plait, Ply.]
homeless a.
Destitute of a home. [AS.hamleas.]
squalid a.
Dirty through neglect; foul; filthy; extremely dirty. [L. squalidus, fr. squalere to be foul or filthy.]
populous a.
Abounding in people; full of inhabitants; containing many inhabitants in proportion to the extent of the country. [L. populosus, fr. populus people: cf. F. populeux.]
havoc n.
Wide and general destruction; devastation; waste. [W. hafog devastation, havoc; or, if this be itself fr. E. havoc, cf. OE. havot, or AS. hafoc hawk, which is a cruel or rapacious bird, or F. hai, voux! a cry to]
desolately adv.
In a desolate manner.
wildering n.
A plant growing in a state of nature; especially, one which has run wild, or escaped from cultivation.
carnage n.
Flesh of slain animals or men. [F. carnage, LL. carnaticum tribute of animals, flesh of animals, fr. L. caro, carnis, flesh. See Carnal.]
hateful a.
Manifesting hate or hatred; malignant; malevolent.
ruthless a.
Having no ruth; cruel; pitiless.
relentless a.
Unmoved by appeals for sympathy or forgiveness; insensible to the distresses of others; destitute of tenderness; unrelenting; unyielding; unpitying; as, a prey to relentless despotism.
uplift v. t.
To lift or raise aloft; to raise; to elevate; as, to uplift the arm; to uplift a rock.
lustre n.
A period of five years; a lustrum. [L. lustrum: cf. F. lustre.]
outspread v. t.
To spread out; to expand; -- usually as a past part. or adj.
forlorn a.
Deserted abandoned; lost. [OE., p.p. of forlesen to lose utterly, AS. forleósan (p.p. forloren); pref. for- + leósan (in comp.) to lose; cf. D. verliezen to lose, G. verlieren, Sw. förlor]
gaily adv.
Merrily; showily. See gaily. [From Gay.]
meseems v.
It seems to me.
investiture n.
The act or ceremony of investing, or the of being invested, as with an office; a giving possession; also, the right of so investing. [LL. investitura: cf. F. investiture.]
aught n.
Property; possession. [AS. , fr. agan to own, p. p. ahte.]
waft v. t.
To give notice to by waving something; to wave the hand to; to beckon. [Prob. originally imp. & p. p. of wave, v. t. See Wave to waver.]
vale n.
A tract of low ground, or of land between hills; a valley. [OE. val, F. val, L. vallis; perhaps akin to Gr. Avalanche, Vail to lower, Valley.]
continent a.
Serving to restrain or limit; restraining; opposing. [L. continens, -entis, prop., p. pr. of continere to hold together, to repress: cf. F. continent. See Contain.]
reposed a.
Composed; calm; tranquil; at rest.
woful a.
Full of woe; sorrowful; distressed with grief or calamity; afflicted; wretched; unhappy; sad.
afar adv.
At, to, or from a great distance; far away; -- often used with from preceding, or off following; as, he was seen from afar; I saw him afar off. [Pref. a-.(for on or of) + far.]
pilgrimage n.
The journey of a pilgrim; a long journey; especially, a journey to a shrine or other sacred place. Fig., the journey of human life. [OE. pilgrimage, pelgrinage; cf. F. pèlerinage.]
haunted a.
Inhabited by, or subject to the visits of, apparitions; frequented by a ghost.
corpse n.
A human body in general, whether living or dead; -- sometimes contemptuosly. [OF. cors (sometimes written corps), F. corps, L. corpus; akin to AS. hrif womb. See Midriff, and cf. Corse, Corselet, Corps, Cuerpo.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Canto IV is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Complete Poetical Works of Percy Bysshe Shelley — Volume 1, Project Gutenberg ebook #4797; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Percy Bysshe Shelley, Canto IV, in Alastor, and Other Poems (1813–1820), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #4797, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/shelley-poems/canto-iv.html, id L00207.

Form and metre

Canto IV is 306 lines in 34 stanzas of 9 lines each. The rhyme scheme is ABABBCBCC, complete in 30 of its 34 stanzas; the stanza is the Spenserian stanza. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 87%). 93% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 10.2 syllables. 27 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 45% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in the Spenserian stanza, other poems in iambic pentameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 ABABBCBCC barkA · stoneB · darkA · overgrownB · strownB · floodC · thrownB · stoodC · broodC
  2. 2 ABABBCBCC anchoredA · careB · saidA · stairB · wearB · lastC · rareB · placedC · interlacedC
  3. 3 ABABBCBCC latticesA · dayB · breezeA · layB · playB · homeC · rayB · tomeC · becomeC
  4. 4 ABABBCBCC pastA · lakeB · vastA · wakeB · snakeB · truthC · slakeB · youthC · ruthC
  5. 5 ABABBCBCC madnessA · flowB · sadnessA · woeB · froB · goodC · showB · solitudeC · floodC
  6. 6 ABABBCBCC skillA · heartB · untilA · startB · artB · spokeC · dartB · strokeC · oakC
  7. 7 ABABBCBCC rolledA · assumeB · oldA · doomB · relumeB · lotC · gloomB · thoughtC · notC
  8. 8 ABABBCBCC ageA · stampB · pageA · dampB · lampB · fedC · campB · ledC · readC
  9. 9 ABABBCBCC obdurateA · woeB · fateA · soB · knowB · abroadC · undergoB · crowdC · understoodC
  10. 10 ABABBCBCC wideA · frameB · abideA · flameB · cameB · tongueC · nameB · sungC · amongC
  11. 11 ABABBCBCC rockA · eloquenceB · unlockA · penitenceB · thenceB · spentC · senseB · lentC · intentC
  12. 12 ABABBCBCC stateA · oldB · createA · boldB · unfoldB · shoreC · toldB · moreC · yoreC
  13. 13 ABABBCBCC weepA · blindB · sleepA · bindB · pinedB · lookC · findB · shookC · brookC
  14. 14 ABABBCBCC trembleA · streetsB · dissembleA · meetsB · weetsB · knownC · seatsB · croneC · throneC
  15. 15 ABABBCBCC deedsA · lawB · succeedsA · aweB · drawB · swayC · foresawB · obeyC · arrayC
  16. 16 ABABBCBCC instrumentA · countenanceB · lentA · advanceB · deliveranceB · rearC · chanceB · shareC · bearC
  17. 17 ABABBCBCC oldA · wellB · coldA · dwellB · repelB · throngC · compelB · tongueC · wrongC
  18. 18 ABABBCBCC lengthA · spareB · strengthA · fairB · bearB · makeC · hearB · sakeC · takeC
  19. 19 ABABBCBCC boundA · impaledB · foundA · unassailedB · veiledB · eloquenceC · mailedB · defenceC · innocenceC
  20. 20 ABABBCBCC pathA · dustB · wrathA · lustB · trustB · quellC · gustB · spellC · rebelC
  21. 21 ABABBCBCC teachA · longB · reachA · wrongB · strongB · brightC · throngB · plightC · uniteC
  22. 22 ABABBCBCC herA · lessB · stirA · wickednessB · palacesB · borneC · repressB · turnC · urnC
  23. 23 ABABBCBCC maidenA · heB · o'erladenA · tyrannyB · freeB · townsC · tumultuouslyB · disownsC · thronesC
  24. 24 ABABBCBCC shedA · slavesB · deadA · gravesB · wavesB · kingsC · pavesB · flingsC · wingsC
  25. 25 ABABBCBCC wallA · vastB · callA · blastB · pastB · foeC · aghastB · knowC · overthrowC
  26. 26 ABACB-CDD maintainA · bloodB · plainA · foodC · goodB · wove · multitudeC · loveD · moveD
  27. 27 ABABBCBC- pauseA · aroundB · awesA · soundB · confoundB · fearC · boundB · ne'erC · murderer
  28. 28 AAABBCBCC choiceA · cowardiceA · voiceA · liesB · eyesB · spakeC · ariseB · awakeC · lakeC
  29. 29 ABABBCBCC thereA · windB · hairA · linedB · behindB · cheekC · findB · speakC · weakC
  30. 30 ABABBCBCC fadedA · mienB · braidedA · seenB · sceneB · faceC · beenB · graceC · traceC
  31. 31 ABABBCBCC deadA · goneB · fledA · loneB · unknownB · upborneC · shownB · hornC · forlornC
  32. 32 ABABBCB-C manA · tearsB · beganA · rearsB · bearsB · moorC · wearsB · investiture · allureC
  33. 33 ABABBCBCC wentA · grassB · continentA · passB · wasB · everC · massB · severC · everC
  34. 34 ABABBCBCC rearedA · deedsB · heardA · feedsB · weedsB · shadeC · breedsB · madeC · fadeC
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
The old man took the oars, and soon the bark10··········
Smote on the beach beside a tower of stone;10····˘/·/··
It was a crumbling heap, whose portal dark10···/˘··/˘·
With blooming ivy-trails was overgrown;10·/˘/˘···˘/
Upon whose floor the spangling sands were strown,10·····/˘···
And rarest sea-shells, which the eternal flood,11·/˘····˘/˘·
Slave to the mother of the months, had thrown10···/˘·····
Within the walls of that gray tower, which stood10·······/··
A changeling of man's art nursed amid Nature's brood.12·/˘····˘//˘·
When the old man his boat had anchored,10·······/˘˘
He wound me in his arms with tender care,10·······/˘·
And very few, but kindly words he said,10·/˘··/˘···
And bore me through the tower adown a stair,10·····/˘/··
Whose smooth descent some ceaseless step to wear10··˘/·/˘···
For many a year had fallen.--We came at last11·/···/˘····
To a small chamber, which with mosses rare10···/˘··/˘·
Was tapestried, where me his soft hands placed10·········˘
Upon a couch of grass and oak-leaves interlaced.12··········˘/
The moon was darting through the lattices10···/˘··/˘˘
Its yellow light, warm as the beams of day--10·/˘·······
So warm, that to admit the dewy breeze,10····˘/·/˘·
The old man opened them; the moonlight lay10···/˘··/··
Upon a lake whose waters wove their play10·····/˘···
Even to the threshold of that lonely home:10/··/···/˘·
Within was seen in the dim wavering ray10·······/˘·
The antique sculptured roof, and many a tome10·˘//˘··/··
Whose lore had made that sage all that he had become.12··········˘/
The rock-built barrier of the sea was past,--10···/˘·····
And I was on the margin of a lake,10·····/˘···
A lonely lake, amid the forests vast10·/˘·˘/·/˘·
And snowy mountains:--did my spirit wake10·/˘/˘··/˘·
From sleep as many-coloured as the snake10···/˘/˘···
That girds eternity? in life and truth,10··˘/˘˘····
Might not my heart its cravings ever slake?10·····/˘/˘·
Was Cythna then a dream, and all my youth,10··········
And all its hopes and fears, and all its joy and ruth?12············
Thus madness came again,--a milder madness,11·/˘·˘/·/˘/˘
Which darkened nought but time's unquiet flow10·/˘···˘/˘·
With supernatural shades of clinging sadness;11··˘/˘··/˘/˘
That gentle Hermit, in my helpless woe,10·/˘/˘··/˘·
By my sick couch was busy to and fro,10·····/˘···
Like a strong spirit ministrant of good:10···/˘/˘˘··
When I was healed, he led me forth to show10··········
The wonders of his sylvan solitude,10·/˘··/˘/˘·
And we together sate by that isle-fretted flood.12··˘/˘····/˘·
He knew his soothing words to weave with skill10···/˘·····
From all my madness told; like mine own heart,10···/˘·····
Of Cythna would he question me, until10·····/˘···
That thrilling name had ceased to make me start,10·/˘·······
From his familiar lips--it was not art,10··˘/˘·····
Of wisdom and of justice when he spoke--10·/˘··/˘···
When mid soft looks of pity, there would dart10·····/˘···
A glance as keen as is the lightning's stroke10·······/˘·
When it doth rive the knots of some ancestral oak.12········˘/˘·
Thus slowly from my brain the darkness rolled,10·/˘····/˘·
My thoughts their due array did re-assume10····˘/··˘/
Through the enchantments of that Hermit old;10··˘/˘··/˘·
Then I bethought me of the glorious doom10··˘/···/˘·
Of those who sternly struggle to relume10···/˘/˘·˘/
The lamp of Hope o'er man's bewildered lot,10······˘/˘·
And, sitting by the waters, in the gloom10·/˘··/˘···
Of eve, to that friend's heart I told my thought--10··········
That heart which had grown old, but had corrupted not.12········˘/˘·
That hoary man had spent his livelong age10·/˘····/˘·
In converse with the dead, who leave the stamp10·/˘·······
Of ever-burning thoughts on many a page,10·//˘··/˘··
When they are gone into the senseless damp10·······/˘·
Of graves;--his spirit thus became a lamp10···/˘·˘/··
Of splendour, like to those on which it fed;10·/˘·······
Through peopled haunts, the City and the Camp,10·/˘··/˘···
Deep thirst for knowledge had his footsteps led,10···/˘··/··
And all the ways of men among mankind he read.12········//··
But custom maketh blind and obdurate10·/˘····/˘˘
The loftiest hearts;--he had beheld the woe10······˘/··
In which mankind was bound, but deemed that fate10··//······
Which made them abject, would preserve them so;10···/˘·˘/··
And in such faith, some steadfast joy to know,10·····/····
He sought this cell: but when fame went abroad10········˘/
That one in Argolis did undergo10········˘/
Torture for liberty, and that the crowd10/˘·/˘˘····
High truths from gifted lips had heard and understood;12···/˘·····˘/
And that the multitude was gathering wide,--10···/˘··/˘·
His spirit leaped within his aged frame;10·/˘·˘·····
In lonely peace he could no more abide,10·/˘·····˘/
But to the land on which the victor's flame10·······/˘·
Had fed, my native land, the Hermit came:10···/˘··/˘·
Each heart was there a shield, and every tongue10·······/˘·
Was as a sword of truth--young Laon's name9·········
Rallied their secret hopes, though tyrants sung10/˘·/˘··/˘·
Hymns of triumphant joy our scattered tribes among.12··˘/˘·//˘···
He came to the lone column on the rock,10·····/˘···
And with his sweet and mighty eloquence10·····/˘/˘˘
The hearts of those who watched it did unlock,10········˘/
And made them melt in tears of penitence.10·······/˘˘
They gave him entrance free to bear me thence.10···/˘·····
'Since this,' the old man said, 'seven years are spent,10······/···
While slowly truth on thy benighted sense10·/˘···˘/˘·
Has crept; the hope which wildered it has lent10·····/˘···
Meanwhile, to me the power of a sublime intent.12/····/··˘/˘/
'Yes, from the records of my youthful state,10···/˘··/˘·
And from the lore of bards and sages old,10·······/˘·
From whatsoe'er my wakened thoughts create10·····/˘·˘/
Out of the hopes of thine aspirings bold,10······˘/˘·
Have I collected language to unfold10··˘/˘/˘·˘/
Truth to my countrymen; from shore to shore10···/˘˘····
Doctrines of human power my words have told,10/˘·/˘/····
They have been heard, and men aspire to more10······˘/··
Than they have ever gained or ever lost of yore.10···/··/···
'In secret chambers parents read, and weep,10·/˘/˘/˘···
My writings to their babes, no longer blind;10·/˘····/˘·
And young men gather when their tyrants sleep,10···/˘··/˘·
And vows of faith each to the other bind;10·······/˘·
And marriageable maidens, who have pined10·/˘˘˘/˘···
With love, till life seemed melting through their look,10·····/˘···
A warmer zeal, a nobler hope, now find;10·/˘··/˘···
And every bosom thus is rapt and shook,10·/˘/˘·····
Like autumn's myriad leaves in one swoln mountain-brook.12·/˘/˘····/˘·
'The tyrants of the Golden City tremble11·/˘··/˘/˘/˘
At voices which are heard about the streets;10·/˘·······
The ministers of fraud can scarce dissemble11·/˘˘····˘/˘
The lies of their own heart, but when one meets10··········
Another at the shrine, he inly weets,10˘/˘····/˘·
Though he says nothing, that the truth is known;10···/˘·····
Murderers are pale upon the judgement-seats,10/˘·····/˘·
And gold grows vile even to the wealthy crone,10····/··/˘·
And laughter fills the Fane, and curses shake the Throne.12·/˘····/˘···
'Kind thoughts, and mighty hopes, and gentle deeds10···/˘··/˘·
Abound, for fearless love, and the pure law10˘/·/˘·····
Of mild equality and peace, succeeds10··˘/˘˘··˘/
To faiths which long have held the world in awe,10··········
Bloody and false, and cold:--as whirlpools draw10/˘·····/··
All wrecks of Ocean to their chasm, the sway10···/··/˘··
Of thy strong genius, Laon, which foresaw10···/˘····/
This hope, compels all spirits to obey,10··˘/·/˘·˘/
Which round thy secret strength now throng in wide array.12···/˘·····˘/
'For I have been thy passive instrument'--10·····/˘/˘˘
(As thus the old man spake, his countenance10·······/˘˘
Gleamed on me like a spirit's)--'thou hast lent10·····/˘···
To me, to all, the power to advance10·····/˘·˘/
Towards this unforeseen deliverance10····˘/˘/˘˘
From our ancestral chains--ay, thou didst rear10·/˘/˘·····
That lamp of hope on high, which time nor chance10··········
Nor change may not extinguish, and my share10····˘/˘···
Of good, was o'er the world its gathered beams to bear.12·······/˘···
'But I, alas! am both unknown and old,10··˘/··˘/··
And though the woof of wisdom I know well10·····/˘···
To dye in hues of language, I am cold10·····/˘···
In seeming, and the hopes which inly dwell,10·/˘····/˘·
My manners note that I did long repel;10·/˘·····˘/
But Laon's name to the tumultuous throng10······/˘˘·
Were like the star whose beams the waves compel10········˘/
And tempests, and his soul-subduing tongue10·/˘···˘/˘·
Were as a lance to quell the mailed crest of wrong.11···········
'Perchance blood need not flow, if thou at length10˘/········
Wouldst rise, perchance the very slaves would spare10··˘/·/˘···
Their brethren and themselves; great is the strength10·/˘·˘/····
Of words--for lately did a maiden fair,10···/˘··/˘·
Who from her childhood has been taught to bear10···/······
The Tyrant's heaviest yoke, arise, and make10·/˘/˘·˘/··
Her sex the law of truth and freedom hear,10·······/˘·
And with these quiet words--"for thine own sake10···/˘·····
I prithee spare me;"--did with ruth so take10·/˘·······
'All hearts, that even the torturer who had bound10···/·/˘···
Her meek calm frame, ere it was yet impaled,10········˘/
Loosened her, weeping then; nor could be found10/˘·/˘·····
One human hand to harm her--unassailed10·/˘·······
Therefore she walks through the great City, veiled10·······/˘·
In virtue's adamantine eloquence,10·/˘····/˘˘
'Gainst scorn, and death and pain thus trebly mailed,10·······/˘·
And blending, in the smiles of that defence,10·/˘·····˘/
The Serpent and the Dove, Wisdom and Innocence.11·/˘···/˘·/˘
'The wild-eyed women throng around her path:10···/˘·····
From their luxurious dungeons, from the dust10··˘/˘/˘···
Of meaner thralls, from the oppressor's wrath,10·/˘···˘/˘·
Or the caresses of his sated lust10··˘/˘··/˘·
They congregate:--in her they put their trust;10·/˘·······
The tyrants send their armed slaves to quell10·/˘···˘···
Her power;--they, even like a thunder-gust10·/·/˘··/˘·
Caught by some forest, bend beneath the spell10···/˘·····
Of that young maiden's speech, and to their chiefs rebel.12···/˘·····˘/
'Thus she doth equal laws and justice teach10···/˘··/˘·
To woman, outraged and polluted long;10·/˘/··˘/˘·
Gathering the sweetest fruit in human reach10/˘·/˘··/˘·
For those fair hands now free, while armed wrong10········˘·
Trembles before her look, though it be strong;10/˘········
Thousands thus dwell beside her, virgins bright,10/˘··˘/·/˘·
And matrons with their babes, a stately throng!10·/˘····/˘·
Lovers renew the vows which they did plight10/˘˘/······
In early faith, and hearts long parted now unite,12·/˘····/˘·/·
'And homeless orphans find a home near her,10·/˘/˘·····
And those poor victims of the proud, no less,10···/˘·····
Fair wrecks, on whom the smiling world with stir,10·····/˘···
Thrusts the redemption of its wickedness:--10··˘/˘··/˘˘
In squalid huts, and in its palaces10·/˘····/˘˘
Sits Lust alone, while o'er the land is borne10··˘/······
Her voice, whose awful sweetness doth repress10···/˘/˘·˘/
All evil, and her foes relenting turn,10·/˘···˘/˘·
And cast the vote of love in hope's abandoned urn.12········˘/˘·
'So in the populous City, a young maiden11···/˘/˘··/˘
Has baffled Havoc of the prey which he10·/˘/˘·····
Marks as his own, whene'er with chains o'erladen12············
Men make them arms to hurl down tyranny,--10·······/˘˘
False arbiter between the bound and free;10·/˘˘······
And o'er the land, in hamlets and in towns10·····/˘···
The multitudes collect tumultuously,10·/˘·˘/····
And throng in arms; but tyranny disowns10·····/˘˘˘/
Their claim, and gathers strength around its trembling thrones.12···/˘····/˘·
'Blood soon, although unwillingly, to shed10····˘/˘˘··
The free cannot forbear--the Queen of Slaves,10··˘/˘/····
The hoodwinked Angel of the blind and dead,10·/·/˘·····
Custom, with iron mace points to the graves10/˘·/˘·····
Where her own standard desolately waves10···/˘/˘˘˘·
Over the dust of Prophets and of Kings.10·····/˘···
Many yet stand in her array--"she paves10/˘····˘/··
Her path with human hearts," and o'er it flings10···/˘·····
The wildering gloom of her immeasurable wings.12·/˘···˘/˘·˘·
'There is a plain beneath the City's wall,10·······/˘·
Bounded by misty mountains, wide and vast,10/˘·/˘/˘···
Millions there lift at Freedom's thrilling call10/˘···/˘/˘·
Ten thousand standards wide, they load the blast10·/˘/˘·····
Which bears one sound of many voices past,10·····/˘/˘·
And startles on his throne their sceptred foe:10·/˘····/˘·
He sits amid his idle pomp aghast,10··˘/·/˘·˘/
And that his power hath passed away, doth know--10···/··˘/··
Why pause the victor swords to seal his overthrow?12···/˘····/˘·
'The tyrant's guards resistance yet maintain:10·/˘·˘/˘·˘/
Fearless, and fierce, and hard as beasts of blood,10/˘········
They stand a speck amid the peopled plain;10····˘/·/˘·
Carnage and ruin have been made their food10/˘·/˘·····
From infancy--ill has become their good,10·/˘˘··˘/··
And for its hateful sake their will has wove10···/˘·····
The chains which eat their hearts. The multitude10·······/˘·
Surrounding them, with words of human love,10˘/˘····/˘·
Seek from their own decay their stubborn minds to move.12····˘/·/˘···
'Over the land is felt a sudden pause,10·······/˘·
As night and day those ruthless bands around,10·····/˘···
The watch of love is kept:--a trance which awes10··········
The thoughts of men with hope; as when the sound10··········
Of whirlwind, whose fierce blasts the waves and clouds confound,12·/········˘/
Dies suddenly, the mariner in fear10·/˘˘·/˘˘··
Feels silence sink upon his heart--thus bound,10·/˘·······
The conquerors pause, and oh! may freemen ne'er10·/˘····/˘·
Clasp the relentless knees of Dread, the murderer!11··˘/˘····/˘
'If blood be shed, 'tis but a change and choice10··········
Of bonds,--from slavery to cowardice10···/˘˘·/˘˘
A wretched fall!--Uplift thy charmed voice!10·/˘·/˘··˘·
Pour on those evil men the love that lies10···/˘·····
Hovering within those spirit-soothing eyes--10/˘˘···//˘·
Arise, my friend, farewell!'--As thus he spake,10˘/···/····
From the green earth lightly I did arise,10····/˘··˘/
As one out of dim dreams that doth awake,10········˘/
And looked upon the depth of that reposing lake.12········/·˘·
I saw my countenance reflected there;--10···/˘˘˘/˘·
And then my youth fell on me like a wind10··········
Descending on still waters--my thin hair10˘/˘··/˘···
Was prematurely gray, my face was lined10··˘/˘·····
With channels, such as suffering leaves behind,10·/˘··/˘···
Not age; my brow was pale, but in my cheek10··········
And lips a flush of gnawing fire did find10·····/˘/··
Their food and dwelling; though mine eyes might speak10···/˘·····
A subtle mind and strong within a frame thus weak.12·/˘·········
And though their lustre now was spent and faded,11···/˘····/˘
Yet in my hollow looks and withered mien10···/˘··/˘·
The likeness of a shape for which was braided11·/˘······/˘
The brightest woof of genius, still was seen--10·/˘··/˘···
One who, methought, had gone from the world's scene,10··˘/······
And left it vacant--'twas her lover's face--10···/˘··/˘·
It might resemble her--it once had been10··˘/˘·····
The mirror of her thoughts, and still the grace10·/˘·······
Which her mind's shadow cast, left there a lingering trace.12···/·····/˘·
What then was I? She slumbered with the dead.10·····/˘···
Glory and joy and peace, had come and gone.10/˘········
Doth the cloud perish, when the beams are fled10···/˘·····
Which steeped its skirts in gold? or, dark and lone,10··········
Doth it not through the paths of night unknown,10········˘/
On outspread wings of its own wind upborne10·˘/·······
Pour rain upon the earth? The stars are shown,10··········
When the cold moon sharpens her silver horn10····/˘·/˘·
Under the sea, and make the wide night not forlorn.12··········˘/
Strengthened in heart, yet sad, that aged man10/˘˘·······
I left, with interchange of looks and tears,10····˘/····
And lingering speech, and to the Camp began10·/˘·····˘/
My war. O'er many a mountain-chain which rears10···/·/˘···
Its hundred crests aloft, my spirit bears10·/˘·˘/·/˘·
My frame; o'er many a dale and many a moor,10···/···/··
And gaily now meseems serene earth wears10·/˘·˘/˘/··
The blosmy spring's star-bright investiture,10·/˘···˘/˘˘
A vision which aught sad from sadness might allure.12·/˘····/˘·˘/
My powers revived within me, and I went,10·/˘/······
As one whom winds waft o'er the bending grass,10·······/˘·
Through many a vale of that broad continent.11·/˘·····/˘˘
At night when I reposed, fair dreams did pass10····/·····
Before my pillow;--my own Cythna was,10···/˘·····
Not like a child of death, among them ever;11·········/˘
When I arose from rest, a woful mass10··˘/······
That gentlest sleep seemed from my life to sever,11·/˘······/˘
As if the light of youth were not withdrawn for ever.12········˘/·/
Aye as I went, that maiden who had reared10·····/˘···
The torch of Truth afar, of whose high deeds10····˘/····
The Hermit in his pilgrimage had heard,10·/˘··/˘˘··
Haunted my thoughts.--Ah, Hope its sickness feeds10/˘·····/˘·
With whatsoe'er it finds, or flowers or weeds!10·······/··
Could she be Cythna?--Was that corpse a shade10··········
Such as self-torturing thought from madness breeds?10···/˘··/˘·
Why was this hope not torture? Yet it made10·····/˘···
A light around my steps which would not ever fade.11·········/·

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

More by Percy Bysshe Shelley