The Woodman and the Nightingale

Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792–1822) · 1816–1819

iambic pentameter · 70 lines · from Ode to the West Wind, and Other Poems

A woodman whose rough heart was out of tune(I think such hearts yet never came to good)Hated to hear, under the stars or moon,

One nightingale in an interfluous woodSatiate the hungry dark with melody;--And as a vale is watered by a flood,

Or as the moonlight fills the open skyStruggling with darkness--as a tuberosePeoples some Indian dell with scents which lie

Like clouds above the flower from which they rose,The singing of that happy nightingaleIn this sweet forest, from the golden close

Of evening till the star of dawn may fail,Was interfused upon the silentness;The folded roses and the violets pale

Heard her within their slumbers, the abyssOf heaven with all its planets; the dull earOf the night-cradled earth; the loneliness

Of the circumfluous waters,--every sphereAnd every flower and beam and cloud and wave,And every wind of the mute atmosphere,

And every beast stretched in its rugged cave,And every bird lulled on its mossy bough,And every silver moth fresh from the grave

Which is its cradle--ever from belowAspiring like one who loves too fair, too far,To be consumed within the purest glow

Of one serene and unapproached star,As if it were a lamp of earthly light,Unconscious, as some human lovers are,

Itself how low, how high beyond all heightThe heaven where it would perish!--and every formThat worshipped in the temple of the night

Was awed into delight, and by the charmGirt as with an interminable zone,Whilst that sweet bird, whose music was a storm

Of sound, shook forth the dull oblivionOut of their dreams; harmony became loveIn every soul but one.

And so this man returned with axe and sawAt evening close from killing the tall treen,The soul of whom by Nature's gentle law

Was each a wood-nymph, and kept ever greenThe pavement and the roof of the wild copse,Chequering the sunlight of the blue serene

With jagged leaves,--and from the forest topsSinging the winds to sleep--or weeping oftFast showers of aereal water-drops

Into their mother's bosom, sweet and soft,Nature's pure tears which have no bitterness;--Around the cradles of the birds aloft

They spread themselves into the lovelinessOf fan-like leaves, and over pallid flowersHang like moist clouds:--or, where high branches kiss,

Make a green space among the silent bowers,Like a vast fane in a metropolis,Surrounded by the columns and the towers

All overwrought with branch-like traceriesIn which there is religion--and the mutePersuasion of unkindled melodies,

Odours and gleams and murmurs, which the luteOf the blind pilot-spirit of the blastStirs as it sails, now grave and now acute,

Wakening the leaves and waves, ere it has passedTo such brief unison as on the brainOne tone, which never can recur, has cast,One accent never to return again.

The world is full of Woodmen who expelLove's gentle Dryads from the haunts of life,And vex the nightingales in every dell.

Words in this poem 20
woodman n.
A forest officer appointed to take care of the king's woods; a forester. [Eng.]
interfluous a.
Flowing between or among; intervening. Boyle. [L. interfluens, p. pr., and interfluus. See Inter-, and Fluent.]
satiate a.
Filled to satiety; glutted; sated; -- followed by with or of. [L. satiatus, p. p. of satiare to satisfy, from sat, satis, enough. See Sad, a., and cf. Sate.]
vale n.
A tract of low ground, or of land between hills; a valley. [OE. val, F. val, L. vallis; perhaps akin to Gr. Avalanche, Vail to lower, Valley.]
tuberose n.
A plant (Polianthes tuberosa) with a tuberous root and a liliaceous flower. It is much cultivated for its beautiful and fragrant white blossoms. [Cf. G. tuberose, F. tubéreuse, NL. Polianthes tuberosa. See Tuberous.]
dell n.
A small, retired valley; a ravine. [AS. del, akin to E. dale; cf. D. delle, del, low ground. See Dale.]
silentness n.
State of being silent; silence.
loneliness n.
The condition of being lonely; solitude; seclusion.
circumfluous a.
Flowing round; surrounding in the manner of a fluid. [L. circumfluere, p. pr. of circumfluere; circum + fluere to flow; also L. circumfluus.]
aspiring a.
That aspires; as, an Aspiring mind.
girt v. t.
To gird; to encircle; to invest by means of a girdle; to measure the girth of; as, to girt a tree. [From Girt, n., cf. Girth, v.]
shook v. t.
To pack, as staves, in a shook.
oblivion n.
The act of forgetting, or the state of being forgotten; cessation of remembrance; forgetfulness. [L. oblivio, akin to oblivisci to forget: cf. OF. oblivion.]
treen a.
Made of wood; wooden. [AS. treówen.]
copse n.
A wood of small growth; a thicket of brushwood. See Coppice. [Contr. from coppice.]
loveliness n.
The state or quality of being lovely. [From Lovely.]
fane n.
A temple; a place consecrated to religion; a church. [L. fanum a place dedicated to some deity, a sanctuary, fr. fari to speak. See Fame.]
overwrought p. p.
Wrought upon excessively; overworked; overexcited.
wakening n.
The act of one who wakens; esp., the act of ceasing to sleep; an awakening.
recur v. i.
To come back; to return again or repeatedly; to come again to mind. [L. recurrere; pref.re- re- + currere to run. See Current.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

The Woodman and the Nightingale is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Complete Poetical Works of Percy Bysshe Shelley — Volume 2, Project Gutenberg ebook #4798; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Percy Bysshe Shelley, The Woodman and the Nightingale, in Ode to the West Wind, and Other Poems (1816–1819), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #4798, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/shelley-later-poems/the-woodman-and-the-nightingale.html, id L20726.

Form and metre

The Woodman and the Nightingale is 70 lines in 23 stanzas. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 84%). 93% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 10.0 syllables. 50 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 44% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in iambic pentameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 ABA tuneA · goodB · moonA
  2. 2 B-- woodB · melody · flood
  3. 3 C-C skyC · tuberose · lieC
  4. 5 D-D failD · silentness · paleD
  5. 6 -E- abyss · earE · loneliness
  6. 7 EFE sphereE · waveF · atmosphereE
  7. 8 F-F caveF · bough · graveF
  8. 9 GHG belowG · farH · glowG
  9. 10 HIH starH · lightI · areH
  10. 11 IJI heightI · formJ · nightI
  11. 12 --J charm · zone · stormJ
  12. 14 KLK sawK · treenL · lawK
  13. 15 L-L greenL · copse · sereneL
  14. 16 MNM topsM · oftN · dropsM
  15. 17 --N soft · bitterness · aloftN
  16. 18 -O- loveliness · flowersO · kiss
  17. 19 O-O bowersO · metropolis · towersO
  18. 20 -P- traceries · muteP · melodies
  19. 21 PQP luteP · blastQ · acuteP
  20. 22 Q-Q- passedQ · brain · castQ · again
  21. 23 R-R expelR · life · dellR
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
A woodman whose rough heart was out of tune10·/˘·······
(I think such hearts yet never came to good)10·····/˘···
Hated to hear, under the stars or moon,10/˘········
One nightingale in an interfluous wood10·/˘˘······
Satiate the hungry dark with melody;--11/˘˘·/˘··/˘˘
And as a vale is watered by a flood,10·····/˘···
Or as the moonlight fills the open sky10···/···/˘·
Struggling with darkness--as a tuberose10/˘˘·/˘··/˘
Peoples some Indian dell with scents which lie10/˘·/˘·····
Like clouds above the flower from which they rose,10·····/····
The singing of that happy nightingale10·/˘··/˘/˘˘
In this sweet forest, from the golden close10···/˘··/˘·
Of evening till the star of dawn may fail,10·/˘·······
Was interfused upon the silentness;10·······/˘˘
The folded roses and the violets pale10·/˘/˘··/˘·
Heard her within their slumbers, the abyss10·····/˘·˘/
Of heaven with all its planets; the dull ear10·/···/˘···
Of the night-cradled earth; the loneliness10···/˘··/˘˘
Of the circumfluous waters,--every sphere10·····/˘/˘·
And every flower and beam and cloud and wave,10·/˘/······
And every wind of the mute atmosphere,10·/˘····/˘·
And every beast stretched in its rugged cave,10·/˘····/˘·
And every bird lulled on its mossy bough,10·/˘····/˘·
And every silver moth fresh from the grave10·/˘/˘·····
Which is its cradle--ever from below10···/˘/˘···
Aspiring like one who loves too fair, too far,11˘/˘········
To be consumed within the purest glow10··˘/···/˘·
Of one serene and unapproached star,10··˘/····˘·
As if it were a lamp of earthly light,10·······/˘·
Unconscious, as some human lovers are,10·/˘··/˘/˘·
Itself how low, how high beyond all height10˘/········
The heaven where it would perish!--and every form11·/···/˘·/˘·
That worshipped in the temple of the night10·/˘··/˘···
Was awed into delight, and by the charm10····˘/····
Girt as with an interminable zone,10····˘/˘˘˘·
Whilst that sweet bird, whose music was a storm10·····/˘···
Of sound, shook forth the dull oblivion10······˘/˘˘
Out of their dreams; harmony became love10····/˘˘˘/·
In every soul but one.7·/˘˘···
And so this man returned with axe and saw10····˘/····
At evening close from killing the tall treen,10·/˘··/˘···
The soul of whom by Nature's gentle law10·····/˘/˘·
Was each a wood-nymph, and kept ever green10·······/˘·
The pavement and the roof of the wild copse,10·/˘·······
Chequering the sunlight of the blue serene11····/····˘/
With jagged leaves,--and from the forest tops10··˘····/˘·
Singing the winds to sleep--or weeping oft10/˘·····/˘·
Fast showers of aereal water-drops9·/˘···/˘·
Into their mother's bosom, sweet and soft,10···/˘/˘···
Nature's pure tears which have no bitterness;--10/˘·····/˘˘
Around the cradles of the birds aloft10···/˘···˘/
They spread themselves into the loveliness10··˘/···/˘˘
Of fan-like leaves, and over pallid flowers11·······/˘/˘
Hang like moist clouds:--or, where high branches kiss,10·······/˘·
Make a green space among the silent bowers,11·······/˘/˘
Like a vast fane in a metropolis,10······˘/˘˘
Surrounded by the columns and the towers11˘/˘··/˘··/˘
All overwrought with branch-like traceries9··˘/·····
In which there is religion--and the mute10····˘/˘···
Persuasion of unkindled melodies,10˘/˘···˘/˘˘
Odours and gleams and murmurs, which the lute10/˘···/˘···
Of the blind pilot-spirit of the blast10···/˘/˘···
Stirs as it sails, now grave and now acute,10········˘/
Wakening the leaves and waves, ere it has passed10/˘········
To such brief unison as on the brain10···/˘˘····
One tone, which never can recur, has cast,10···/˘·˘/··
One accent never to return again.10·/·/˘·˘/˘/
The world is full of Woodmen who expel10········˘/
Love's gentle Dryads from the haunts of life,9·/˘······
And vex the nightingales in every dell.10···/˘˘·/˘·

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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