Orpheus

Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792–1822) · 1816–1819

iambic pentameter · unrhymed · 131 lines · from Ode to the West Wind, and Other Poems

A:Not far from hence. From yonder pointed hill,Crowned with a ring of oaks, you may beholdA dark and barren field, through which there flows,Sluggish and black, a deep but narrow stream,Which the wind ripples not, and the fair moonGazes in vain, and finds no mirror there.Follow the herbless banks of that strange brookUntil you pause beside a darksome pond,The fountain of this rivulet, whose gushCannot be seen, hid by a rayless nightThat lives beneath the overhanging rockThat shades the pool--an endless spring of gloom,Upon whose edge hovers the tender light,Trembling to mingle with its paramour,--But, as Syrinx fled Pan, so night flies day,Or, with most sullen and regardless hate,Refuses stern her heaven-born embrace.On one side of this jagged and shapeless hillThere is a cave, from which there eddies upA pale mist, like aereal gossamer,Whose breath destroys all life--awhile it veilsThe rock--then, scattered by the wind, it fliesAlong the stream, or lingers on the clefts,Killing the sleepy worms, if aught bide there.Upon the beetling edge of that dark rockThere stands a group of cypresses; not suchAs, with a graceful spire and stirring life,Pierce the pure heaven of your native vale,Whose branches the air plays among, but notDisturbs, fearing to spoil their solemn grace;But blasted and all wearily they stand,One to another clinging; their weak boughsSigh as the wind buffets them, and they shakeBeneath its blasts--a weatherbeaten crew!

CHORUS:What wondrous sound is that, mournful and faint,But more melodious than the murmuring windWhich through the columns of a temple glides?

A:It is the wandering voice of Orpheus' lyre,Borne by the winds, who sigh that their rude kingHurries them fast from these air-feeding notes;But in their speed they bear along with themThe waning sound, scattering it like dewUpon the startled sense.

CHORUS:Does he still sing?Methought he rashly cast away his harpWhen he had lost Eurydice.

A:Ah, no!Awhile he paused. As a poor hunted stagA moment shudders on the fearful brinkOf a swift stream--the cruel hounds press onWith deafening yell, the arrows glance and wound,--He plunges in: so Orpheus, seized and tornBy the sharp fangs of an insatiate grief,Maenad-like waved his lyre in the bright air,And wildly shrieked 'Where she is, it is dark!'And then he struck from forth the strings a soundOf deep and fearful melody. Alas!In times long past, when fair EurydiceWith her bright eyes sat listening by his side,He gently sang of high and heavenly themes.As in a brook, fretted with little wavesBy the light airs of spring--each riplet makesA many-sided mirror for the sun,While it flows musically through green banks,Ceaseless and pauseless, ever clear and fresh,So flowed his song, reflecting the deep joyAnd tender love that fed those sweetest notes,The heavenly offspring of ambrosial food.But that is past. Returning from drear Hell,He chose a lonely seat of unhewn stone,Blackened with lichens, on a herbless plain.Then from the deep and overflowing springOf his eternal ever-moving griefThere rose to Heaven a sound of angry song.'Tis as a mighty cataract that partsTwo sister rocks with waters swift and strong,And casts itself with horrid roar and dinAdown a steep; from a perennial sourceIt ever flows and falls, and breaks the airWith loud and fierce, but most harmonious roar,And as it falls casts up a vaporous sprayWhich the sun clothes in hues of Iris light.Thus the tempestuous torrent of his griefIs clothed in sweetest sounds and varying wordsOf poesy. Unlike all human works,It never slackens, and through every changeWisdom and beauty and the power divineOf mighty poesy together dwell,Mingling in sweet accord. As I have seenA fierce south blast tear through the darkened sky,Driving along a rack of winged clouds,Which may not pause, but ever hurry on,As their wild shepherd wills them, while the stars,Twinkling and dim, peep from between the plumes.Anon the sky is cleared, and the high domeOf serene Heaven, starred with fiery flowers,Shuts in the shaken earth; or the still moonSwiftly, yet gracefully, begins her walk,Rising all bright behind the eastern hills.I talk of moon, and wind, and stars, and notOf song; but, would I echo his high song,Nature must lend me words ne'er used before,Or I must borrow from her perfect works,To picture forth his perfect attributes.He does no longer sit upon his throneOf rock upon a desert herbless plain,For the evergreen and knotted ilexes,And cypresses that seldom wave their boughs,And sea-green olives with their grateful fruit,And elms dragging along the twisted vines,Which drop their berries as they follow fast,And blackthorn bushes with their infant raceOf blushing rose-blooms; beeches, to lovers dear,And weeping willow trees; all swift or slow,As their huge boughs or lighter dress permit,Have circled in his throne, and Earth herselfHas sent from her maternal breast a growthOf starlike flowers and herbs of odour sweet,To pave the temple that his poesyHas framed, while near his feet grim lions couch,And kids, fearless from love, creep near his lair.Even the blind worms seem to feel the sound.The birds are silent, hanging down their heads,Perched on the lowest branches of the trees;Not even the nightingale intrudes a noteIn rivalry, but all entranced she listens.

Words in this poem 37
yonder adv.
At a distance, but within view. [OE. yonder, ýonder; cf. OD. ginder, Goth. jaindr there. Yond, adv.]
herbless a.
Destitute of herbs or of vegetation. J. Warton.
darksome a.
Dark; gloomy; obscure; shaded; cheerless.
rayless a.
Destitute of rays; hence, dark; not illuminated; blind; as, a rayless sky; rayless eyes.
sullen a.
Lonely; solitary; desolate. Wyclif (Job iii. 14). [OE. solein, solain, lonely, sullen; through Old French fr. (assumed) LL. solanus solitary, fr. L. solus alone. See Sole, a.]
gossamer n.
A fine, filmy substance, like cobwebs, floating in the air, in calm, clear weather, especially in autumn. It is seen in stubble fields and on furze or low bushes, and is formed by small spiders. [OE. gossomer, gossummer, gosesomer, perh. for goose summer, from its downy appearance, or perh. for God's summer, cf. G. mariengarr gossamer, properly Mary's ya]
awhile adv.
For a while; for some time; for a short time. [Adj. a + while time, interval.]
aught n.
Property; possession. [AS. , fr. agan to own, p. p. ahte.]
bide v. i.
To dwell; to inhabit; to abide; to stay. [OE. biden, AS. bidan; akin to OHG. bitan, Goth. beidan, Icel. bi; perh. orig., to wait with trust, and akin to bid. See Bid, v. t., and cf. Abide.]
vale n.
A tract of low ground, or of land between hills; a valley. [OE. val, F. val, L. vallis; perhaps akin to Gr. Avalanche, Vail to lower, Valley.]
blasted a.
Blighted; withered.
wearily adv.
In a weary manner.
wondrous adv.
In a wonderful or surprising manner or degree; wonderfully. [OE. wonders, adv. (later also adj.). See Wonder, n., and cf. -wards.]
hurries n.
A staith or framework from which coal is discharged from cars into vessels.
waning n.
The act or process of waning, or decreasing.
brink n.
The edge, margin, or border of a steep place, as of a precipice; a bank or edge, as of a river or pit; a verge; a border; as, the brink of a chasm. Also Fig. [Dan. brink edge, verge; akin to Sw. brink declivity, hill, Icel. brekka; cf. LG. brink a grassy hill, W. bryn hill, bryncyn hillock.]
deafening n.
The act or process of rendering impervious to sound, as a floor or wall; also, the material with which the spaces are filled in this process; pugging.
orpheus n.
The famous mythic Thracian poet, son of the Muse Calliope, and husband of Eurydice. He is reputed to have had power to entrance beasts and inanimate objects by the music of his lyre.
insatiate a.
Insatiable; as, insatiate thirst. [L. insatiatus.]
musically adv.
In a musical manner.
ceaseless a.
Without pause or end; incessant.
ambrosial a.
Consisting of, or partaking of the nature of, ambrosia; delighting the taste or smell; delicious.
drear n.
Sadness; dismalness.
angry a.
Troublesome; vexatious; rigorous. [See Anger.]
horrid a.
Rough; rugged; bristling. [L. horridus. See Horror, and cf. Ordure.]
adown adv.
From a higher to a lower situation; downward; down, to or on the ground. [OE. adun, adoun, adune. AS. of dune off the hill. See Down.]
poesy n.
The art of composing poems; poetical skill or faculty; as, the heavenly gift of poesy. [F. poésie (cf. It. poesia), L. poesis, from Gr. Posy.]
dwell v. i.
To delay; to linger. [OE. dwellen, dwelien, to err, linger, AS. dwellan to deceive, hinder, delay, dwelian to err; akin to Icel. dvelja to delay, tarry, Sw. dväljas to dwell, Dan. dv]
twinkling n.
The act of one who, or of that which, twinkles; a quick movement of the eye; a wink; a twinkle. Holland.
anon adv.
Straightway; at once. [OE. anoon, anon, anan, lit., in one (moment), fr. AS. on in + an one. See On and One.]
starred a.
Adorned or studded with stars; bespangled. [From Star.]
borrow v. t.
To receive from another as a loan, with the implied or expressed intention of returning the identical article or its equivalent in kind; -- the opposite of lend. [OE. borwen, AS. borgian, fr. borg, borh, pledge; akin to D. borg, G. borg; prob. fr. root of AS. beorgan to protect. Borough.]
circled a.
Having the form of a circle; round.
maternal a.
Of or pertaining to a mother; becoming to a mother; motherly; as, maternal love; maternal tenderness. [F. maternel, L. maternus, fr. mater mother. See Mother.]
odour n.
Any smell, whether fragrant or offensive; scent; perfume. [OE. odor, odour, OF. odor, odour, F. odeur, fr. L. odor; akin to olere to smell, Gr. Olfactory, Osmium, Ozone, Redolent.]
pave n.
The pavement. Nymphe du pavé ([A low euphemism.] [F., from paver to pave. See Pave.]
lair n.
A place in which to lie or rest; especially, the bed or couch of a wild beast. [OE. leir, AS. leger; akin to D. leger, G. lager couch, lair, OHG. laga, Goth. ligrs, and to E. lie. See Lie to be prostrate, and cf. Layer, Leaguer.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Orpheus is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Complete Poetical Works of Percy Bysshe Shelley — Volume 2, Project Gutenberg ebook #4798; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Percy Bysshe Shelley, Orpheus, in Ode to the West Wind, and Other Poems (1816–1819), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #4798, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/shelley-later-poems/orpheus.html, id L16425.

Form and metre

Orpheus is 131 lines in 5 verse paragraphs. It is unrhymed, as far as the pronouncing dictionary can tell. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 85%). 91% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 9.5 syllables. 7 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 38% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in iambic pentameter, other poems in blank verse.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 ----------A--A--------------------- a · hill · behold · flows · stream · moon · there · brook · pond · gush · nightA · rock · gloom · lightA · paramour · day · hate · embrace · hill · up · gossamer · veils · flies · clefts · there · rock · such · life · vale · not · grace · stand · boughs · shake · crew
  2. 5 ----------------------------A-A-------------------------------------------------- a · no · stag · brink · on · wound · torn · grief · air · dark · sound · alas · eurydice · side · themes · waves · makes · sun · banks · fresh · joy · notes · food · hell · stone · plain · spring · grief · songA · parts · strongA · din · source · air · roar · spray · light · grief · words · works · change · divine · dwell · seen · sky · clouds · on · stars · plumes · dome · flowers · moon · walk · hills · not · song · before · works · attributes · throne · plain · ilexes · boughs · fruit · vines · fast · race · dear · slow · permit · herself · growth · sweet · poesy · couch · lair · sound · heads · trees · note · listens
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
A:1·
Not far from hence. From yonder pointed hill,10·····/˘/˘·
Crowned with a ring of oaks, you may behold10········˘/
A dark and barren field, through which there flows,10···/˘·····
Sluggish and black, a deep but narrow stream,10/˘·····/˘·
Which the wind ripples not, and the fair moon10···/˘·····
Gazes in vain, and finds no mirror there.10/˘·····/˘·
Follow the herbless banks of that strange brook10/˘·/˘·····
Until you pause beside a darksome pond,10····˘/·/˘·
The fountain of this rivulet, whose gush10·/˘··/˘˘··
Cannot be seen, hid by a rayless night10˘/·····/˘·
That lives beneath the overhanging rock10·····/˘·˘·
That shades the pool--an endless spring of gloom,10·····/˘···
Upon whose edge hovers the tender light,10····/˘·/˘·
Trembling to mingle with its paramour,--11/˘˘·/˘··/˘˘
But, as Syrinx fled Pan, so night flies day,10··/˘······
Or, with most sullen and regardless hate,10···/˘·˘/˘·
Refuses stern her heaven-born embrace.10˘/˘··/˘·˘/
On one side of this jagged and shapeless hill10·······/˘·
There is a cave, from which there eddies up10·······/˘·
A pale mist, like aereal gossamer,9······/˘˘
Whose breath destroys all life--awhile it veils10··˘/··˘/··
The rock--then, scattered by the wind, it flies10···/˘·····
Along the stream, or lingers on the clefts,10˘/···/˘···
Killing the sleepy worms, if aught bide there.10/˘·/˘·····
Upon the beetling edge of that dark rock10···/˘·····
There stands a group of cypresses; not such10·····/˘˘··
As, with a graceful spire and stirring life,10···/˘··/˘·
Pierce the pure heaven of your native vale,10···/˘··/˘·
Whose branches the air plays among, but not10·/˘·······
Disturbs, fearing to spoil their solemn grace;10˘//˘···/˘·
But blasted and all wearily they stand,10·/˘··/˘˘··
One to another clinging; their weak boughs10··˘/˘/˘···
Sigh as the wind buffets them, and they shake10····/˘····
Beneath its blasts--a weatherbeaten crew!8·····/˘·
CHORUS:2/˘
What wondrous sound is that, mournful and faint,10·/˘···/˘··
But more melodious than the murmuring wind10··˘/˘··/˘·
Which through the columns of a temple glides?10···/˘··/˘·
A:1·
It is the wandering voice of Orpheus' lyre,10···/˘··/˘·
Borne by the winds, who sigh that their rude king10··········
Hurries them fast from these air-feeding notes;10/˘·····/˘·
But in their speed they bear along with them10······˘/··
The waning sound, scattering it like dew10·/˘·/˘˘···
Upon the startled sense.6···/˘·
CHORUS:2/˘
Does he still sing?4····
Methought he rashly cast away his harp10˘/·/˘·˘/··
When he had lost Eurydice.7·······
A:1·
Ah, no!2··
Awhile he paused. As a poor hunted stag10˘/·····/˘·
A moment shudders on the fearful brink10·/˘/˘··/˘·
Of a swift stream--the cruel hounds press on10·····/˘···
With deafening yell, the arrows glance and wound,--10·/˘··/˘···
He plunges in: so Orpheus, seized and torn10·/˘··/˘···
By the sharp fangs of an insatiate grief,11······˘/˘˘·
Maenad-like waved his lyre in the bright air,10··········
And wildly shrieked 'Where she is, it is dark!'10·/˘·······
And then he struck from forth the strings a sound10··········
Of deep and fearful melody. Alas!10···/˘/˘˘˘/
In times long past, when fair Eurydice9·········
With her bright eyes sat listening by his side,10·····/˘···
He gently sang of high and heavenly themes.10·/˘····/˘·
As in a brook, fretted with little waves10····/˘·/˘·
By the light airs of spring--each riplet makes10··········
A many-sided mirror for the sun,10·/˘/˘/˘···
While it flows musically through green banks,9···/˘˘···
Ceaseless and pauseless, ever clear and fresh,10/˘····/···
So flowed his song, reflecting the deep joy10····˘/˘···
And tender love that fed those sweetest notes,10·/˘····/˘·
The heavenly offspring of ambrosial food.10·/˘/··˘/˘·
But that is past. Returning from drear Hell,10····˘/˘···
He chose a lonely seat of unhewn stone,10···/˘·····
Blackened with lichens, on a herbless plain.10/˘·/˘··/˘·
Then from the deep and overflowing spring10·····/˘·˘·
Of his eternal ever-moving grief10··˘/˘/˘/˘·
There rose to Heaven a sound of angry song.10···/···/˘·
'Tis as a mighty cataract that parts10···/˘/˘˘··
Two sister rocks with waters swift and strong,10·/˘··/˘···
And casts itself with horrid roar and din10··˘/·/˘···
Adown a steep; from a perennial source10˘/····˘/˘·
It ever flows and falls, and breaks the air10·/˘·······
With loud and fierce, but most harmonious roar,10······˘/˘·
And as it falls casts up a vaporous spray11·······/˘˘·
Which the sun clothes in hues of Iris light.10·······/˘·
Thus the tempestuous torrent of his grief10···/˘/˘···
Is clothed in sweetest sounds and varying words10···/˘··/˘·
Of poesy. Unlike all human works,10·/˘˘˘/·/˘·
It never slackens, and through every change10·//˘··/˘˘·
Wisdom and beauty and the power divine10/˘·/˘··/˘/
Of mighty poesy together dwell,10·/˘/˘˘˘/˘·
Mingling in sweet accord. As I have seen10/˘··˘/····
A fierce south blast tear through the darkened sky,10·······/˘·
Driving along a rack of winged clouds,10/˘˘/····˘·
Which may not pause, but ever hurry on,10·····/˘/˘·
As their wild shepherd wills them, while the stars,10···/˘·····
Twinkling and dim, peep from between the plumes.10/˘········
Anon the sky is cleared, and the high dome10˘/········
Of serene Heaven, starred with fiery flowers,11·˘//··/˘˘/˘
Shuts in the shaken earth; or the still moon10···/˘·····
Swiftly, yet gracefully, begins her walk,10/˘·/˘˘˘/··
Rising all bright behind the eastern hills.10/˘·····/˘·
I talk of moon, and wind, and stars, and not10··········
Of song; but, would I echo his high song,10·····/˘···
Nature must lend me words ne'er used before,10/˘········
Or I must borrow from her perfect works,10···/···/··
To picture forth his perfect attributes.10·/˘··/·/˘·
He does no longer sit upon his throne10···/˘·····
Of rock upon a desert herbless plain,10·····/˘/˘·
For the evergreen and knotted ilexes,11··/˘··/˘···
And cypresses that seldom wave their boughs,10·/˘˘·/˘···
And sea-green olives with their grateful fruit,10···/˘··/˘·
And elms dragging along the twisted vines,10··/˘˘/·/˘·
Which drop their berries as they follow fast,10···/˘··/˘·
And blackthorn bushes with their infant race10·/˘/˘··/˘·
Of blushing rose-blooms; beeches, to lovers dear,11·/˘··/˘·/˘·
And weeping willow trees; all swift or slow,10·/˘/······
As their huge boughs or lighter dress permit,10·····/˘·˘/
Have circled in his throne, and Earth herself10·/˘·····˘/
Has sent from her maternal breast a growth10····˘/˘···
Of starlike flowers and herbs of odour sweet,10·/·/···/˘·
To pave the temple that his poesy10···/˘··/˘˘
Has framed, while near his feet grim lions couch,10·······/˘·
And kids, fearless from love, creep near his lair.10··/˘······
Even the blind worms seem to feel the sound.10/˘········
The birds are silent, hanging down their heads,10···/˘/˘···
Perched on the lowest branches of the trees;10···/˘/˘···
Not even the nightingale intrudes a note10·/·/˘˘˘/··
In rivalry, but all entranced she listens.11·/˘˘··˘/·/˘

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