Medea: Act I

Lucius Annaeus Seneca · 1907

iambic hexameter · 113 lines · from The Tragedies of Seneca

Medea: Ye gods of wedlock, thou the nuptial couch's guard,Lucina, thou from whom that tamer of the deep,The Argo's pilot, learned to guide his pristine bark,And Neptune, thou stern ruler of the ocean's depths,And Titan, by whose rays the shining day is born,Thou triformed maiden Hecate, whose conscious beamsWith splendor shine upon the mystic worshipers--Upon ye all I call, the powers of heaven, the godsBy whose divinity false Jason swore; and yeWhose aid Medea may more boldly claim, thou worldOf endless night, th' antipodes of heavenly realms,Ye damnéd ghosts, thou lord of hades' dark domain,Whose mistress was with trustier pledge won to thy side--Before ye all this baleful prayer I bring: Be near!Be near! Ye crime-avenging furies, come and looseYour horrid locks with serpent coils entwined, and graspWith bloody hands the smoking torch; be near as onceYe stood in dread array beside my wedding couch.Upon this new-made bride destruction send, and deathUpon the king and all the royal line! But he,My husband, may he live to meet some heavier doom;This curse I imprecate upon his head; may he,Through distant lands, in want, in exile wander, scornedAnd houseless. Nay, may he once more my favor woo;A stranger's threshold may he seek where now he walksA well-known guest; and--this the blackest curse I know--May children rise to him to emulate their sire,Their mother's image bear.--Now won is vengeance, won!For I have children borne.--Nay, nay, 'tis empty plaintsAnd useless words I frame. Shall I not rather rushAgainst the foe and dash the torches from their hands,The light from heaven? Does Father Phoebus suffer this?Do men behold his face, as, seated in his car,He rolls along th' accustomed track of sky serene?Why does he not return to morning's gates, the lawOf heaven reversing? Grant that I be borne aloftIn my ancestral car! Give me the reins, O sire,Thy fiery team grant me to guide with lines of flame.Then Corinth, though with double shore delaying fate,Herself consumed with fire, shall light two seas with flame.But no, this course alone remains, that I myselfShould bear the wedding torch, with acquiescent prayers,And slay the victims on the altars consecrate.Thyself inspect the entrails, and seek there the wayBy prayer, if still, O soul, thou livest, if there stillRemaineth aught of old-time strength in thee! AwayWith woman's fears! Put on thy heart a breast-plate hardAnd chill as Caucasus! Then all the wizard artsThat Phasis knew, or Pontus, shall be seen againIn Corinth. Now with mad, unheard of, dreadful deeds,Whereat high heaven and earth below shall pale and quake,My pregnant soul is teeming; and my heart is fullOf pictured wounds and death and slaughter.--Ah, too longOn trifling ills I dwell. These were my virgin deeds.Now that a mother's pains I've felt, my larger heartMust larger crimes conceive. Then passion, gird thyself,Put on thy strength, and for the issue now prepare!Let my rejection pay as dread a fee as when,Of old, through impious deeds of blood, I came to him.Come, break through slow delay, and let the home once wonBy crime, by equal deeds of crime be done away!

Chorus [chanting the epithalamium for the nuptials of Jason andCreüsa]:

Now on our royal nuptials graciously smiling,Here may the lords of heaven and the deeps of the oceanCome while the people feast in pious rejoicing!

First to the gods who sway the scepter of heaven,Pealing forth their will in the voice of thunder,Let the white bull his proud head bow in tribute.

Then to the fair Lucina, her gift we offer,White as the driven snow, this beautiful heifer,Still with her neck untouched by the yoke of bondage.

Thou who alone canst rule the heart of the war-god,Thou who linkest in peace the opposing nations,Out of thy generous hand abundance pouring--Thee we offer a daintier gift, O Concord!

Thou who, on the marriage torches attending,Night's dark gloom with favoring hand dispellest,Hither come with languishing footstep drunken,Binding thy temples fair with garlands of roses!

Star of the evening, thou who to twilight leadestThe day, and hailest again the dawn of the morning,All too slowly thou com'st for lovers impatient,Eager to see thy sign in the glow of the sunset.

The fairest of girls is she,The Athenian maids outshining,Or the Spartan maiden with armor laden,No burden of war declining.

Not by Alpheus' sacred stream,Nor Boeotia's musical water,Is there any fair who can compareWith our lovely Corinthian daughter.

Our Thessalian prince excels,In beauty of form and face,Even Bacchus, the son of the fierce-flaming one,Who yokes the wild tigers in place.

The murmuring tripod's lord,Though the fairest in heavenly story,The twins with their star bright gleaming afar--All yield to our Jason in glory.

When in her train of courtly maidens she mingles--Like the bright sunshine paling the starry splendor,Or the full moonlight quenching the Pleiads' brilliance,So does she shine, all peerless, of fair ones the fairest.

Ho then, youths, with licensed jest and rejoicing,Loud let the songs of gladness ring through the city;Rarely against our lords such freedom is given.

Fair and noble band of Bacchus, the thyrsus-bearer,Now is the time to light the glittering torches of pinewood.Shake on high the festal fire with languishing fingers;

Now let the bold and merry Fescennine laughter and jestingSound through our ranks. Let Medea fare in silence and darkness,If perchance another lord she shall wed in her exile.

Words in this poem 29
tamer n.
One who tames or subdues.
boldly adv.
In a bold manner. [AS. bealdlice.]
antipodes n.
Those who live on the side of the globe diametrically opposite.
horrid a.
Rough; rugged; bristling. [L. horridus. See Horror, and cf. Ordure.]
imprecate v. t.
To call down by prayer, as something hurtful or calamitous. [L. imprecatus, p. p. of imprecari to imprecate; pref. im- in, on + precari to pray. See Pray.]
houseless a.
Destitute of the shelter of a house; shelterless; homeless; as, a houseless wanderer.
sire n.
A lord, master, or other person in authority. See Sir. [F. sire, originally, an older person. See Sir.]
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
phoebus n.
Apollo; the sun god.
acquiescent a.
Resting satisfied or submissive; disposed tacitly to submit; assentive; as, an acquiescent policy. [L. acquiescens, -; p. pr.]
aught n.
Property; possession. [AS. , fr. agan to own, p. p. ahte.]
unheard a.
Not heard; not perceived by the ear; as, words unheard by those present.
dreadful a.
Full of dread or terror; fearful.
whereat adv.
At which; upon which; whereupon; -- used relatively.
teeming a.
Prolific; productive.
pictured a.
Furnished with pictures; represented by a picture or pictures; as, a pictured scene.
dwell v. i.
To delay; to linger. [OE. dwellen, dwelien, to err, linger, AS. dwellan to deceive, hinder, delay, dwelian to err; akin to Icel. dvelja to delay, tarry, Sw. dväljas to dwell, Dan. dv]
epithalamium n.
A nuptial song, or poem in honor of the bride and bridegroom.
graciously adv.
In a gracious manner; courteously; benignantly.
generous a.
Of honorable birth or origin; highborn. [F. généreux, fr. L. generous of noble birth, noble, excellent, magnanimous, fr. genus birth, race: cf. It. generoso. See 2d Gender.]
thessalian a.
Of or pertaining to Thessaly in Greece. [Cf. L. Thessalius.]
afar adv.
At, to, or from a great distance; far away; -- often used with from preceding, or off following; as, he was seen from afar; I saw him afar off. [Pref. a-.(for on or of) + far.]
courtly a.
Relating or belonging to a court. [From Court.]
sunshine n.
The light of the sun, or the place where it shines; the direct rays of the sun, the place where they fall, or the warmth and light which they give.
paling n.
Pales, in general; a fence formed with pales or pickets; a limit; an inclosure.
starry a.
Abounding with stars; adorned with stars.
jest n.
A deed; an action; a gest. [OE. jeste, geste, deed, action, story, tale, OF. geste, LL. gesta, orig., exploits, neut. pl. from L. gestus, p. p. of gerere to bear, carry, accomplish, perfor]
festal a.
Of or pertaining to a holiday or a feast; joyous; festive. [L. festum holiday, feast. See feast.]
fescennine a.
Pertaining to, or resembling, the Fescennines. [L. Fescenninus, fr. Fescennia, a city of Etruria.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Medea: Act I is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Tragedies of Seneca Translated into English Verse, to Which Have Been Appended Comparative Analyses of the Corresponding Greek and Roman Plays, and a Mythological Index, Project Gutenberg ebook #57999; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Lucius Annaeus Seneca, Medea: Act I, in The Tragedies of Seneca (1907), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #57999, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/seneca-tragedies/medea-act-i.html, id L21336.

Form and metre

Medea: Act I is 113 lines in 16 stanzas. The metre is iambic hexameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 81%).

See other poems in iambic hexameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 --------------------------------------A---AB-B--------------- guard · deep · bark · depths · born · beams · worshipers · gods · ye · world · realms · domain · side · near · loose · grasp · once · couch · death · he · doom · he · scorned · woo · walks · know · sire · won · plaints · rush · hands · this · car · serene · law · aloft · sire · flame · fateA · flame · myself · prayers · consecrateA · wayB · still · awayB · hard · arts · again · deeds · quake · full · long · deeds · heart · thyself · prepare · when · him · won · away
  2. 9 -A-A she · outshiningA · laden · decliningA
  3. 10 -A-A stream · waterA · compare · daughterA
  4. 11 -A-A excels · faceA · one · placeA
  5. 12 -A-A lord · storyA · afar · gloryA
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic hexameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
Medea: Ye gods of wedlock, thou the nuptial couch's guard,15˘/˘···/···/˘/˘·
Lucina, thou from whom that tamer of the deep,12·······/˘···
The Argo's pilot, learned to guide his pristine bark,12·/˘/˘····/˘·
And Neptune, thou stern ruler of the ocean's depths,12·/˘··/˘··/˘·
And Titan, by whose rays the shining day is born,12·/˘····/˘···
Thou triformed maiden Hecate, whose conscious beams12···˘/˘···/˘·
With splendor shine upon the mystic worshipers--12·/˘····/˘/˘˘
Upon ye all I call, the powers of heaven, the gods12·······/·/··
By whose divinity false Jason swore; and ye12··˘/˘˘·/˘···
Whose aid Medea may more boldly claim, thou world12··˘/˘··/˘···
Of endless night, th' antipodes of heavenly realms,12·/˘·˘/˘˘·/˘·
Ye damnéd ghosts, thou lord of hades' dark domain,11······/˘·˘/
Whose mistress was with trustier pledge won to thy side--12·/˘·········
Before ye all this baleful prayer I bring: Be near!12·····/˘·····
Be near! Ye crime-avenging furies, come and loose12····˘/˘/˘···
Your horrid locks with serpent coils entwined, and grasp12·/˘··/˘·˘/··
With bloody hands the smoking torch; be near as once12·/˘··/˘·····
Ye stood in dread array beside my wedding couch.12····˘/˘/·/˘·
Upon this new-made bride destruction send, and death12······˘/˘···
Upon the king and all the royal line! But he,12·······/˘···
My husband, may he live to meet some heavier doom;12·/˘······/˘·
This curse I imprecate upon his head; may he,12···/˘˘······
Through distant lands, in want, in exile wander, scorned12·/˘····/·/˘·
And houseless. Nay, may he once more my favor woo;12·/˘······/˘·
A stranger's threshold may he seek where now he walks12·/˘/········
A well-known guest; and--this the blackest curse I know--12·······/˘···
May children rise to him to emulate their sire,13·/˘····/˘··/˘
Their mother's image bear.--Now won is vengeance, won!12·/˘/˘····/˘·
For I have children borne.--Nay, nay, 'tis empty plaints12···/˘····/˘·
And useless words I frame. Shall I not rather rush12·/˘······/˘·
Against the foe and dash the torches from their hands,12·······/˘···
The light from heaven? Does Father Phoebus suffer this?12···/·/˘/˘/˘·
Do men behold his face, as, seated in his car,12··˘/···/˘···
He rolls along th' accustomed track of sky serene?12··˘/˘/˘···˘/
Why does he not return to morning's gates, the law12····˘/·/˘···
Of heaven reversing? Grant that I be borne aloft12·/˘/˘·····˘/
In my ancestral car! Give me the reins, O sire,13··˘/˘······/˘
Thy fiery team grant me to guide with lines of flame.12·/˘·········
Then Corinth, though with double shore delaying fate,12·/˘··/˘·˘/˘·
Herself consumed with fire, shall light two seas with flame.12˘/˘/·/······
But no, this course alone remains, that I myself12····˘/˘/···/
Should bear the wedding torch, with acquiescent prayers,11···/˘······
And slay the victims on the altars consecrate.12···/˘··/˘/˘·
Thyself inspect the entrails, and seek there the way12˘/˘/·/˘·····
By prayer, if still, O soul, thou livest, if there still12············
Remaineth aught of old-time strength in thee! Away12˘/˘·······˘/
With woman's fears! Put on thy heart a breast-plate hard12·/˘·········
And chill as Caucasus! Then all the wizard arts12···/˘˘···/˘·
That Phasis knew, or Pontus, shall be seen again12·/˘·······˘/
In Corinth. Now with mad, unheard of, dreadful deeds,12·/˘···˘/·/˘·
Whereat high heaven and earth below shall pale and quake,12˘/·/········
My pregnant soul is teeming; and my heart is full12·/˘··/˘·····
Of pictured wounds and death and slaughter.--Ah, too long12·/˘····/˘···
On trifling ills I dwell. These were my virgin deeds.12·/˘······/˘·
Now that a mother's pains I've felt, my larger heart12···/˘····/˘·
Must larger crimes conceive. Then passion, gird thyself,12·/˘·˘/·/˘·˘/
Put on thy strength, and for the issue now prepare!12·······/˘·˘/
Let my rejection pay as dread a fee as when,12··˘/˘·······
Of old, through impious deeds of blood, I came to him.13···˘/˘·······
Come, break through slow delay, and let the home once won12····˘/······
By crime, by equal deeds of crime be done away!12···/˘·····˘/
Chorus [chanting the epithalamium for the nuptials of Jason and18/˘/˘········/˘·/˘·
Creüsa]:2··
Now on our royal nuptials graciously smiling,13··/˘/˘/˘/˘˘/˘
Here may the lords of heaven and the deeps of the ocean13·····/·····/˘
Come while the people feast in pious rejoicing!12···/˘··/˘˘/˘
First to the gods who sway the scepter of heaven,12··········/˘
Pealing forth their will in the voice of thunder,11/˘·······/˘
Let the white bull his proud head bow in tribute.11·········/˘
Then to the fair Lucina, her gift we offer,12··········/˘
White as the driven snow, this beautiful heifer,12···/˘··/˘˘/˘
Still with her neck untouched by the yoke of bondage.12····˘/····/˘
Thou who alone canst rule the heart of the war-god,12··˘/········
Thou who linkest in peace the opposing nations,12··/˘···˘/˘/˘
Out of thy generous hand abundance pouring--12···/˘˘·˘/˘/˘
Thee we offer a daintier gift, O Concord!11··/˘·····/·
Thou who, on the marriage torches attending,11····/˘/˘˘/˘
Night's dark gloom with favoring hand dispellest,11····/˘˘·˘/˘
Hither come with languishing footstep drunken,11/˘··/˘˘/·/˘
Binding thy temples fair with garlands of roses!12/˘·/˘··/˘·/˘
Star of the evening, thou who to twilight leadest12···/˘···/·/˘
The day, and hailest again the dawn of the morning,13···/˘˘/····/˘
All too slowly thou com'st for lovers impatient,12··/˘···/˘˘/˘
Eager to see thy sign in the glow of the sunset.13/˘·········/·
The fairest of girls is she,7·/˘····
The Athenian maids outshining,9·˘/˘˘·/·˘
Or the Spartan maiden with armor laden,11··/˘/˘·/˘/˘
No burden of war declining.8·/˘··˘/˘
Not by Alpheus' sacred stream,7····/˘·
Nor Boeotia's musical water,8···/˘˘/˘
Is there any fair who can compare9··/˘···˘/
With our lovely Corinthian daughter.11·/˘/˘˘/˘˘/˘
Our Thessalian prince excels,9/˘˘/˘˘·˘/
In beauty of form and face,7·/˘····
Even Bacchus, the son of the fierce-flaming one,12/˘/˘·····/˘·
Who yokes the wild tigers in place.8····/˘··
The murmuring tripod's lord,7·/˘˘/··
Though the fairest in heavenly story,10··/˘·/˘˘/˘
The twins with their star bright gleaming afar--10······/˘˘/
All yield to our Jason in glory.10···/˘/˘·/˘
When in her train of courtly maidens she mingles--12·····/˘/˘·/˘
Like the bright sunshine paling the starry splendor,12···/·/˘·/˘/˘
Or the full moonlight quenching the Pleiads' brilliance,12···/·/˘·/˘/˘
So does she shine, all peerless, of fair ones the fairest.13·····/˘····/˘
Ho then, youths, with licensed jest and rejoicing,12····/˘˘··˘/˘
Loud let the songs of gladness ring through the city;12·····/˘···/˘
Rarely against our lords such freedom is given.13/˘··/˘··/˘·/˘
Fair and noble band of Bacchus, the thyrsus-bearer,13··/˘··/˘·/˘/˘
Now is the time to light the glittering torches of pinewood.15·······/˘/˘····
Shake on high the festal fire with languishing fingers;13····/˘/·/˘˘/˘
Now let the bold and merry Fescennine laughter and jesting15·····/˘/˘˘/˘·/˘
Sound through our ranks. Let Medea fare in silence and darkness,15··/··˘/˘··/˘·/˘
If perchance another lord she shall wed in her exile.14·˘/˘/˘······/·

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