Spain in America IV
By such false meteors did those helmsmen steer,Such phantoms filled their vain and vaulting soulsWith divers ardours, while this brooding sphereSwung yet ungirdled on her silent poles.All journeys took them farther from their goals,All battles won defeated their desire,Barred from one India by the other's shoals,Each sighted star extinguishing its fire,Cape doubled after cape, and never haven nigher.
How many galleons sailed to sail no more,How many battles and how many slain,Since first Columbus touched the Cuban shore,Till Araucania felt the yoke of Spain!What mounting miseries! What dwindling gain!To till those solitudes, soon swept of gold,And bear that ardent sun, across the mainSlaves must come writhing in the festering holdOf galleys.--Poison works, though men be brave and bold.
That slothful planter, once the buccaneer,Lord of his bastards and his mongrel clan,Ignorant, harsh, what could he list or hearOf Europe and the heritage of man?No petty schemer sees the larger plan,No privy tyrant brooks the mightier law,But lash in hand rides forth a partisanOf freedom: base, without the touch of awe,He poisoned first the blood his poniard was to draw.
By sloth and lust and mindlessness and pelfSpain sank in sadness and dishonour down,Each in his service serving but himself,Each in his passion striking at her crown.Not that these treasons blotted her renownEmblazoned higher than such hands can reach:There where she reaped but sorrow she has sownThe balm of sorrow; all she had to teachShe taught the younger world--her faith and heart and speech.
And now within her sea-girt walls withdrawnShe waits in silence for the healing years,While where her sun has set a second dawnComes from the north, with other hopes and fears.Spain's daughters stand, half ceasing from their tears,And watch the skies from Cuba to the Horn."What is this dove or eagle that appears,"They seem to cry, "what herald of what mornHovers o'er Andes' peaks in love or guile or scorn?"
"O brooding Spirit, fledgling of the North,Winged for the levels of its shifting light,Child of a labouring ocean and an earthShrouded in vapours, fear the southward flight,Dread waveless waters and their warm delight,Beware of peaks that cleave the cloudless blueAnd hold communion with the naked night.The souls went never back that hither flew,But sighing fell to earth or broke the heavens through.
"Haunt still thy storm-swept islands, and endureThe shimmering forest where thy visions live.Then if we love thee--for thy heart is pure--Thou shalt have something worthy love to give.Thrust not thy prophets on us, nor believeThy sorry riches in our eyes are fair.Thy unctuous sophists never will deceiveA mortal pang, or charm away despair.Not for the stranger's fee we plait our lustrous hair.
"But of thy lingering twilight bring some gleam,Memorial of the immaterial fireLighting thy heart, and to a wider dreamWaken the music of our plaintive lyre.Check our rash word, hush, hush our base desire.Hang paler clouds of reverence aboutOur garish skies: laborious hope inspireThat uncomplaining walks the paths of doubt,A wistful heart within, a mailed breast without.
"Gold found is dross, but long Promethean artTransmutes to gold the unprofitable ore.Bring labour's joy, yet spare that better partOur mother, Spain, bequeathed to all she bore,For who shall covet if he once adore?Leave in our skies, strange Spirit passing there,No less of vision but of courage more,And of our worship take thy equal share,Thou who would'st teach us hope, with her who taught us prayer."
Words in this poem 25
- divers a.
- Different in kind or species; diverse. [F. divers, L. diversus turned in different directions, different, p. p. of divertere. See Divert, and cf. Diverse.]
- cuban a.
- Of or pertaining to Cuba or its inhabitants.
- planter n.
- One who, or that which, plants or sows; as, a planterof corn; a machine planter.
- buccaneer n.
- A robber upon the sea; a pirate; -- a term applied especially to the piratical adventurers who made depredations on the Spaniards in America in the 17th and 18th centuries. [F. boucanier, fr. boucaner to smoke or broil meat and fish, to hunt wild beasts for their skins, boucan a smoking place for meat or fish, gridiron for smoking: ]
- heritage a.
- That which is inherited, or passes from heir to heir; inheritance. [OE. heritage, eritage, OF. heritage, eritage, F. héritage, fr. hériter to inherit, LL. heriditare. See Hereditable.]
- lust v. i.
- To list; to like. [AS. lystan. See Lust, n., and cf. List to choose.]
- pelf n.
- Money; riches; lucre; gain; -- generally conveying the idea of something ill-gotten or worthless. It has no plural. [OE. pelfir booty, OF. pelfre, akin to pelfrer to plunder, and perh. to E. pillage. Cf. Pilfer.]
- sadness n.
- Heaviness; firmness.
- dishonour n.
- Lack of honor; disgrace; ignominy; shame; reproach. [OE. deshonour, dishonour, OF. deshonor, deshonur, F. déshonneur; pref. des- (L. dis-) + honor, honur, F. honneur, fr. L. honor. See Honor.]
- morn n.
- The first part of the day; the morning; -- used chiefly in poetry. [OE. morwen, morgen, AS. morgen; akin to D. morgen, OS. morgan, G. morgen, Icel. morginn, morgunn, Sw. morgon, Dan. morgen, Goth. maúrgins. Cf. Morrow, Morning.]
- labouring a.
- That labors; performing labor; esp., performing coarse, heavy work, not requiring skill also, set apart for labor; as, laboring days.
- waveless a.
- Free from waves; undisturbed; not agitated; as, the waveless sea.
- beware v. t.
- To avoid; to take care of; to have a care for.
- cloudless a.
- Without a cloud; clear; bright.
- went n.
- Course; way; path; journey; direction.
- broke v. i.
- To transact business for another. Brome. [See Broker, and cf. Brook.]
- shimmering n.
- A gleam or glimmering.
- shalt
- 2d per. sing. of Shall.
- waken v. i.
- To wake; to cease to sleep; to be awakened. [OE. waknen, AS. wæcnan; akin to Goth. gawaknan. See Wake, v. i.]
- garish a.
- Showy; dazzling; ostentatious; attracting or exciting attention. [Cf. OE. gauren to stare; of uncertain origin. Cf. gairish.]
- wistful a.
- Longing; wishful; desirous. [For wishful; perhaps influenced by wistly, which is probably corrupted from OE. wisly certainly (from Icel. viss certain, akin to E. wit). See Wish.]
- mailed a.
- Protected by an external coat, or covering, of scales or plates.
- promethean a.
- Of or pertaining to Prometheus. See Prometheus. [L. Promethus: cf. F. prométhéen.]
- shall v. i.
- To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
- adore v. t.
- To worship with profound reverence; to pay divine honors to; to honor as deity or as divine. [OE. aouren, anouren, adoren, OF. aorer, adorer, F. adorer, fr. L. adorare; ad + orare to speak, pray, os, oris, mouth. In OE. confused with honor, the French pr]
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
Spain in America IV is in the public domain. This text is taken from Poems, Project Gutenberg ebook #49721; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: George Santayana, Spain in America IV, in Poems (1922), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #49721, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/santayana-poems/spain-in-america-iv.html, id L21752.
Form and metre
Spain in America IV is 81 lines in 9 stanzas of 9 lines each. The rhyme scheme is ABABBCBCC, complete in 6 of its 9 stanzas; the stanza is the Spenserian stanza. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 88%).
See other poems in the Spenserian stanza, other poems in iambic pentameter.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Rhyme words, stanza by stanza
The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.
- 1 ABABBCBCC steerA · soulsB · sphereA · polesB · goalsB · desireC · shoalsB · fireC · nigherC
- 2 ABABBCBCC moreA · slainB · shoreA · spainB · gainB · goldC · mainB · holdC · boldC
- 3 ABABBCBCC buccaneerA · clanB · hearA · manB · planB · lawC · partisanB · aweC · drawC
- 4 ABABBC-CC pelfA · downB · himselfA · crownB · renownB · reachC · sown · teachC · speechC
- 5 ABABBCBCC withdrawnA · yearsB · dawnA · fearsB · tearsB · hornC · appearsB · mornC · scornC
- 6 -A-AABABB north · lightA · earth · flightA · delightA · blueB · nightA · flewB · throughB
- 7 ABABCDCDD endureA · liveB · pureA · giveB · believeC · fairD · deceiveC · despairD · hairD
- 8 ABABBCBCC gleamA · fireB · dreamA · lyreB · desireB · aboutC · inspireB · doubtC · withoutC
- 9 ABABBCBCC artA · oreB · partA · boreB · adoreB · thereC · moreB · shareC · prayerC
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| By such false meteors did those helmsmen steer, | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Such phantoms filled their vain and vaulting souls | 10 | ·/˘····/˘· |
| With divers ardours, while this brooding sphere | 10 | ·/˘/˘··/˘· |
| Swung yet ungirdled on her silent poles. | 10 | ····˘··/˘· |
| All journeys took them farther from their goals, | 10 | ·/˘··/˘··· |
| All battles won defeated their desire, | 11 | ·/˘·˘/˘·˘/˘ |
| Barred from one India by the other's shoals, | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| Each sighted star extinguishing its fire, | 11 | ·/˘·˘/˘˘·/˘ |
| Cape doubled after cape, and never haven nigher. | 12 | ·/˘····//˘·· |
| How many galleons sailed to sail no more, | 10 | ·//˘˘····· |
| How many battles and how many slain, | 10 | ·/˘/˘··/˘· |
| Since first Columbus touched the Cuban shore, | 10 | ··˘/˘··/˘· |
| Till Araucania felt the yoke of Spain! | 10 | ·········· |
| What mounting miseries! What dwindling gain! | 10 | ·/˘/˘·/˘˘· |
| To till those solitudes, soon swept of gold, | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| And bear that ardent sun, across the main | 10 | ···/˘·˘/·· |
| Slaves must come writhing in the festering hold | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| Of galleys.--Poison works, though men be brave and bold. | 12 | ·/˘/˘······· |
| That slothful planter, once the buccaneer, | 10 | ·/˘/˘···˘/ |
| Lord of his bastards and his mongrel clan, | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| Ignorant, harsh, what could he list or hear | 10 | /˘˘······· |
| Of Europe and the heritage of man? | 10 | ·/˘··/˘˘·· |
| No petty schemer sees the larger plan, | 10 | ·/˘/˘··/˘· |
| No privy tyrant brooks the mightier law, | 10 | ·/˘/˘··/˘· |
| But lash in hand rides forth a partisan | 10 | ·······/˘˘ |
| Of freedom: base, without the touch of awe, | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| He poisoned first the blood his poniard was to draw. | 12 | ·/˘····/˘··· |
| By sloth and lust and mindlessness and pelf | 10 | ·········· |
| Spain sank in sadness and dishonour down, | 10 | ···/˘·˘/˘· |
| Each in his service serving but himself, | 10 | ···/˘/˘·˘/ |
| Each in his passion striking at her crown. | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| Not that these treasons blotted her renown | 10 | ···/˘/˘·˘/ |
| Emblazoned higher than such hands can reach: | 10 | ˘/˘/˘····· |
| There where she reaped but sorrow she has sown | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| The balm of sorrow; all she had to teach | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| She taught the younger world--her faith and heart and speech. | 12 | ···/˘······· |
| And now within her sea-girt walls withdrawn | 10 | ········˘/ |
| She waits in silence for the healing years, | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| While where her sun has set a second dawn | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Comes from the north, with other hopes and fears. | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| Spain's daughters stand, half ceasing from their tears, | 10 | ·/˘··/˘··· |
| And watch the skies from Cuba to the Horn. | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| "What is this dove or eagle that appears," | 10 | ·····/˘·˘/ |
| They seem to cry, "what herald of what morn | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| Hovers o'er Andes' peaks in love or guile or scorn?" | 12 | /˘·/˘······· |
| "O brooding Spirit, fledgling of the North, | 10 | ·/˘/˘/˘··· |
| Winged for the levels of its shifting light, | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| Child of a labouring ocean and an earth | 10 | ···/˘˘/··· |
| Shrouded in vapours, fear the southward flight, | 10 | /˘·/˘··/˘· |
| Dread waveless waters and their warm delight, | 10 | ·/˘/˘···˘/ |
| Beware of peaks that cleave the cloudless blue | 10 | ˘/·····/˘· |
| And hold communion with the naked night. | 10 | ··˘/˘··/˘· |
| The souls went never back that hither flew, | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| But sighing fell to earth or broke the heavens through. | 12 | ·/˘······/˘· |
| "Haunt still thy storm-swept islands, and endure | 10 | ·····/˘·˘/ |
| The shimmering forest where thy visions live. | 10 | ·/˘/˘··/˘· |
| Then if we love thee--for thy heart is pure-- | 10 | ·········· |
| Thou shalt have something worthy love to give. | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| Thrust not thy prophets on us, nor believe | 10 | ···/˘···˘/ |
| Thy sorry riches in our eyes are fair. | 10 | ·/˘/˘·/··· |
| Thy unctuous sophists never will deceive | 10 | ·/˘··/˘·˘/ |
| A mortal pang, or charm away despair. | 10 | ·/˘···˘/˘/ |
| Not for the stranger's fee we plait our lustrous hair. | 12 | ···/˘···//˘· |
| "But of thy lingering twilight bring some gleam, | 10 | ···/˘/···· |
| Memorial of the immaterial fire | 10 | ˘/˘···˘/˘/ |
| Lighting thy heart, and to a wider dream | 10 | /˘·····/˘· |
| Waken the music of our plaintive lyre. | 10 | /˘·/˘·//˘· |
| Check our rash word, hush, hush our base desire. | 11 | ·/····/·˘/˘ |
| Hang paler clouds of reverence about | 10 | ·····/˘˘·· |
| Our garish skies: laborious hope inspire | 10 | //˘·˘/˘·˘/ |
| That uncomplaining walks the paths of doubt, | 10 | ·········· |
| A wistful heart within, a mailed breast without. | 11 | ·/˘········ |
| "Gold found is dross, but long Promethean art | 11 | ······˘/˘˘· |
| Transmutes to gold the unprofitable ore. | 10 | ·····˘/˘˘· |
| Bring labour's joy, yet spare that better part | 10 | ·/·····/˘· |
| Our mother, Spain, bequeathed to all she bore, | 10 | //˘·˘/···· |
| For who shall covet if he once adore? | 10 | ···/˘···˘/ |
| Leave in our skies, strange Spirit passing there, | 10 | ··/··/˘/˘· |
| No less of vision but of courage more, | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| And of our worship take thy equal share, | 10 | ··//˘··/˘· |
| Thou who would'st teach us hope, with her who taught us prayer." | 12 | ············ |
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