Chapter IX: Story of the Old Man Regretting the Time of his Youth
In the time of our youth and in pleasant delight,A few of us gathered together one night ;Like nightingales singing, fresh-faced, like the rose ;Our boisterous mirth broke the street's still repose.An experienced old man sat aloof from our play ;From the sky's change, the night of his hair was bright day.Like a filbert, his tongue from discoursing was tied;Not like us with our lips smiling, pista-like, wide.A youth who approached him said, "Vet'ran, explain !In the nook of repentance why sit you, in pain?For once, raise your head from the collar of woe!And with youths, in composure of heart, gaily go!"From retirement, the man of old age raised his head ;Observe his reply ! how old man like, he said :" Should the cool morning breeze through the rose-garden blow,It becomes the young bushes to wave to and fro.The corn waves majestic while growing and green ;It will break when a yellow appearance is seen.In the Spring when the wind wafts the musk-willow smell,The trees that are young shed their dry leaves, as well.It does not become me with youth to keep pace,For the breeze of old age has blown over my face.The famous male falcon, once under my pow'r,Now severs the end of the cord, ev'ry hour.It is your turn to sit at the tray piled with fare,For our hands we have washed, after eating our share.When on your head has settled the dust of old age,Do not hope you'll again in youth's pleasures engage !The snow has come down on my raven's dark wing ;Garden sporting, like Bulbuls, is not now the thing.The peacock has beauty and proudly may walk;What can you expect from a broken-wing'd hawk?My grain has been reaped and collected to thresh ;Your verdure is growing up still, soft and fresh.My rose garden's freshness has all disappeared;Who would fashion a nose-gay from flow'rs that are seared?Oh soul of your father ! a staff is my stay ;To rely more on self would be out of the way!It is safe for a stripling to spring to his feet,But the aged, the help of their hands must entreat.The rose of my face, see ! like yellow gold shines;When the sun becomes yellow it quickly declines.The nursing of lust by an ignorant youth,Is less wicked than by an old lecher, forsooth !It behoves me to weep, out of shame, for each crime,Like a child, but not, child-like, to idle my time.Lukman said correctly, ' Much better be dead,Than let years of transgressing pass over your head!'Better close the shop-door, from the dawning of day,Than to cast both the stock and the profit away !Before the young man bears his darkness to light,The poor aged man bears his sin out of sight."
Words in this poem
- boisterous a.
- Rough or rude; unbending; unyielding; strong; powerful. [OE. boistous; of uncertain origin; cf. W. bwyst wild, savage, wildness, ferocity, bwystus ferocious.]
- broke v. i.
- To transact business for another. Brome. [See Broker, and cf. Brook.]
- filbert n.
- The fruit of the Corylus Avellana or hazel. It is an oval nut, containing a kernel that has a mild, farinaceous, oily taste, agreeable to the palate. [Perh. fr. fill + bread, as filling the bread or husk; cf. G. bartnuss (lit., bread nut) filbert; or perh. named from a St.Philibert, whose day, Aug. 22, fell in]
- nook n.
- A narrow place formed by an angle in bodies or between bodies; a corner; a recess; a secluded retreat. [OE. nok; cf. Gael. & Ir. niuc.]
- composure n.
- The act of composing, or that which is composed; a composition. [From Compose.]
- gaily adv.
- Merrily; showily. See gaily. [From Gay.]
- piled a.
- Having a pile or point; pointed. [From 2d Pile.]
- expect v. t.
- To wait for; to await. [L. expectatum, to look out for, await, expect; ex + out spectare to look at. See Spectacle.]
- thresh v. t.
- To beat out grain from, as straw or husks; to beat the straw or husk of (grain) with a flail; to beat off, as the kernels of grain; as, to thrash wheat, rye, or oats; to thrash over the old straw. [OE. , , to beat, AS. , ; akin to D. dorschen, OD. derschen, G. dreschen, OHG. dreskan, Icel. , Sw. tröska, Dan. tærske, Goth. , Lith. traszketi to rattle, Russ.]
- seared a.
- Scorched; cauterized; hence, figuratively, insensible; not susceptible to moral influences.
- stripling n.
- A youth in the state of adolescence, or just passing from boyhood to manhood; a lad. [Dim. of strip; as if a small strip from the main stock or steam.]
- entreat v. t.
- To treat, or conduct toward; to deal with; to use. [OE. entreten to treat, request, OF. entraiter to treat of; pref. en- (L. in) + traitier to treat. See Treat.]
- lust v. i.
- To list; to like. [AS. lystan. See Lust, n., and cf. List to choose.]
- forsooth v. t.
- To address respectfully with the term forsooth.
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
Chapter IX: Story of the Old Man Regretting the Time of his Youth is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Garden of Fragrance: being a complete translation of the Bostan of Sadi from the original Persian into English verse, by G. S. Davie (London: Kegan Paul, Trench and Co., 1882), Internet Archive, the G. S. Davie translation; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: Saadi, Chapter IX: Story of the Old Man Regretting the Time of his Youth, in The Garden of Fragrance (1882), text of Internet Archive, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/saadi-bostan/9-2.html, id L29736.
Form and metre
Chapter IX: Story of the Old Man Regretting the Time of his Youth is 52 lines in a single stanza. It is in rhyming couplets. The metre is anapaestic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 88%).
See other poems in rhyming couplets, other poems in anapaestic tetrameter.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Rhyme words, stanza by stanza
The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.
- 1 AABBCCDDEEFFGGHHIIJJKKLLMMNNOOPPQQRRSSTTUUVVWWXXYYZZ delightA · nightA · roseB · reposeB · playC · dayC · tiedD · wideD · explainE · painE · woeF · goF · headG · saidG · blowH · froH · greenI · seenI · smellJ · wellJ · paceK · faceK · pow'rL · hourL · fareM · shareM · ageN · engageN · wingO · thingO · walkP · hawkP · threshQ · freshQ · disappearedR · searedR · stayS · wayS · feetT · entreatT · shinesU · declinesU · youthV · forsoothV · crimeW · timeW · deadX · headX · dayY · awayY · lightZ · sightZ
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against anapaestic tetrameter. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| In the time of our youth and in pleasant delight, | 12 | ····/···/˘˘/ |
| A few of us gathered together one night ; | 12 | ····/˘˘˘/˘·· |
| Like nightingales singing, fresh-faced, like the rose ; | 12 | ·/˘˘/˘··˘··· |
| Our boisterous mirth broke the street's still repose. | 12 | /˘/˘˘·····˘/ |
| An experienced old man sat aloof from our play ; | 12 | ·˘/˘···˘/·/· |
| From the sky's change, the night of his hair was bright day. | 12 | ············ |
| Like a filbert, his tongue from discoursing was tied; | 12 | ··/˘···/˘˘·· |
| Not like us with our lips smiling, pista-like, wide. | 12 | ····/·/˘···· |
| A youth who approached him said, "Vet'ran, explain ! | 12 | ···˘/˘····˘/ |
| In the nook of repentance why sit you, in pain? | 12 | ····˘/˘····· |
| For once, raise your head from the collar of woe! | 11 | ·······/˘·· |
| And with youths, in composure of heart, gaily go!" | 12 | ····˘/˘··/˘· |
| From retirement, the man of old age raised his head ; | 12 | ·˘/˘········ |
| Observe his reply ! how old man like, he said : | 11 | ˘/·˘/······ |
| " Should the cool morning breeze through the rose-garden blow, | 12 | ···/˘····/˘· |
| It becomes the young bushes to wave to and fro. | 12 | ·˘/··/˘····· |
| The corn waves majestic while growing and green ; | 11 | ···˘/˘·/˘·· |
| It will break when a yellow appearance is seen. | 12 | ·····/˘˘/˘·· |
| In the Spring when the wind wafts the musk-willow smell, | 12 | ·········/·· |
| The trees that are young shed their dry leaves, as well. | 11 | ··········· |
| It does not become me with youth to keep pace, | 11 | ···˘/······ |
| For the breeze of old age has blown over my face. | 12 | ············ |
| The famous male falcon, once under my pow'r, | 11 | ·/˘·/˘····· |
| Now severs the end of the cord, ev'ry hour. | 12 | ·/˘·······/˘ |
| It is your turn to sit at the tray piled with fare, | 12 | ············ |
| For our hands we have washed, after eating our share. | 12 | ·/······/˘/· |
| When on your head has settled the dust of old age, | 12 | ·····/˘····· |
| Do not hope you'll again in youth's pleasures engage ! | 12 | ····˘/··/˘˘/ |
| The snow has come down on my raven's dark wing ; | 11 | ·······/˘·· |
| Garden sporting, like Bulbuls, is not now the thing. | 12 | /˘/˘········ |
| The peacock has beauty and proudly may walk; | 11 | ·/··/˘·/˘·· |
| What can you expect from a broken-wing'd hawk? | 11 | ···˘/··/˘·· |
| My grain has been reaped and collected to thresh ; | 12 | ·····˘·˘/˘·· |
| Your verdure is growing up still, soft and fresh. | 11 | ·/˘·/˘····· |
| My rose garden's freshness has all disappeared; | 12 | ··/˘/˘···˘/˘ |
| Who would fashion a nose-gay from flow'rs that are seared? | 12 | ··/˘········ |
| Oh soul of your father ! a staff is my stay ; | 11 | ····/˘····· |
| To rely more on self would be out of the way! | 12 | ·˘/········· |
| It is safe for a stripling to spring to his feet, | 12 | ·····/˘····· |
| But the aged, the help of their hands must entreat. | 11 | ·········˘/ |
| The rose of my face, see ! like yellow gold shines; | 11 | ·······/˘·· |
| When the sun becomes yellow it quickly declines. | 12 | ···˘//˘·/˘˘/ |
| The nursing of lust by an ignorant youth, | 11 | ·/˘····/˘˘· |
| Is less wicked than by an old lecher, forsooth ! | 12 | ··/˘····/˘˘/ |
| It behoves me to weep, out of shame, for each crime, | 12 | ············ |
| Like a child, but not, child-like, to idle my time. | 12 | ········/˘·· |
| Lukman said correctly, ' Much better be dead, | 11 | /˘·˘/˘·/˘·· |
| Than let years of transgressing pass over your head!' | 12 | ····˘/˘····· |
| Better close the shop-door, from the dawning of day, | 12 | /˘······/˘·· |
| Than to cast both the stock and the profit away ! | 12 | ········/˘˘/ |
| Before the young man bears his darkness to light, | 11 | ·······/˘·· |
| The poor aged man bears his sin out of sight." | 10 | ·········· |
The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.