Chapter IV: Story of a Beneficent Master and his Stubborn Slave

Saadi (1210–1291), translated by G. S. Davie · 1882

anapaestic tetrameter · rhyming couplets · 40 lines · from The Garden of Fragrance

In the world there existed a virtuous sage,With a vile-natured servant, the curse of the age.He was thus :—Ill-conditioned with coarse, tangled hair ;Vile ; with vinegar rubbed on his face, I declare !His teeth, like a dragon's, with poison bestained ;The prize from the ugliest townsman he gained.From his bleared eyes the tears down his face always fell,And there came from his arm-pits an oniony smell.When cooking, his eye-brows he screwed into knots ;Bored his master when others were minding their pots.While his master was eating he always sat by ;Would not hand him a drink, even were he to die !On him neither talking nor blows had effect;Night and day was the house in a state of neglect.Now rubbish and thorns in the way he would throw,And again to cast fowls down the well was not slow.From his forehead fierce terror came down to his face ;When sent out, never anxious his steps to retrace.Some one said, " From a slave whose base mind you detect,Can you manners and merits and beauty expect?Life is not worth a copper with such a vile boor;Why favour his harshness? his load why endure?A good-natured slave for your use, without failI will buy ; send this slave to the market for sale !If he fetches one Dang, do not turn round and jeer !For if truly you ask me—at nothing he's dear !"The good-natured man to this speech turned his head;"Oh happy of birth!" he then, smilingly, said:"The boy's person and nature are bad enough, still,My nature through him becomes charged with goodwill.Since I've borne on account of him very much care,The oppression of others I'm able to bear.I think it unmanly that him I should sell,For unto another his faults I would tell.Since to suffer his crosses I feel myself fit,It is better by far than to cause him to flit."Since yourself you admire, to another be kind !If you're troubled, on others, distress do not bind !Forbearance, like poison, at first to you shows,But it changes to honey when in you it grows.

Words in this poem

virtuous a.
Possessing or exhibiting virtue. Specifically: -- (a) Exhibiting manly courage and strength; valorous; valiant; brave. [OE. vertuous, OF. vertuos, vertuous, F. vertueux, fr. L. Virtuous. See Virtue, and cf. Virtuoso.]
townsman n.
An inhabitant of a town; one of the same town with another.
bleared a.
Dimmed, as by a watery humor; affected with rheum.
minding n.
Regard; mindfulness.
retrace v. t.
To trace back, as a line. [Pref. re- + trace: cf. F. retracer. Cf. Retract.]
expect v. t.
To wait for; to await. [L. expectatum, to look out for, await, expect; ex + out spectare to look at. See Spectacle.]
favour n.
Kind regard; propitious aspect; countenance; friendly disposition; kindness; good will. [Written also favour.]
smilingly adv.
In a smiling manner.
flit a.
Nimble; quick; swift. See Fleet.
admire v. t.
To regard with wonder or astonishment; to view with surprise; to marvel at. [F. admirer, fr. L. admirari; ad + mirari to wonder, for smirari, akin to Gr. smi, and E. smile.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Chapter IV: Story of a Beneficent Master and his Stubborn Slave is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Garden of Fragrance: being a complete translation of the Bostan of Sadi from the original Persian into English verse, by G. S. Davie (London: Kegan Paul, Trench and Co., 1882), Internet Archive, the G. S. Davie translation; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Saadi, Chapter IV: Story of a Beneficent Master and his Stubborn Slave, in The Garden of Fragrance (1882), text of Internet Archive, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/saadi-bostan/4-12.html, id L29633.

Form and metre

Chapter IV: Story of a Beneficent Master and his Stubborn Slave is 40 lines in a single stanza. It is in rhyming couplets. The metre is anapaestic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 92%).

See other poems in rhyming couplets, other poems in anapaestic tetrameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 AABBCCDDEEFFGGHHIIJJKKLLMMNNOOPPQQRRSSTT sageA · ageA · hairB · declareB · bestainedC · gainedC · fellD · smellD · knotsE · potsE · byF · dieF · effectG · neglectG · throwH · slowH · faceI · retraceI · detectJ · expectJ · boorK · endureK · failL · saleL · jeerM · dearM · headN · saidN · stillO · goodwillO · careP · bearP · sellQ · tellQ · fitR · flitR · kindS · bindS · showsT · growsT
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against anapaestic tetrameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
In the world there existed a virtuous sage,12····˘/˘·/˘˘·
With a vile-natured servant, the curse of the age.12···/˘/˘·····
He was thus :—Ill-conditioned with coarse, tangled hair ;12····˘/˘··/˘·
Vile ; with vinegar rubbed on his face, I declare !12··/˘˘·····˘/
His teeth, like a dragon's, with poison bestained ;12····/˘·/˘··˘
The prize from the ugliest townsman he gained.12····/˘˘/˘··˘
From his bleared eyes the tears down his face always fell,12·········/··
And there came from his arm-pits an oniony smell.12············
When cooking, his eye-brows he screwed into knots ;12·/˘·····˘···
Bored his master when others were minding their pots.12··/˘·/˘·/˘··
While his master was eating he always sat by ;12··/˘·/˘·/˘··
Would not hand him a drink, even were he to die !12······/˘····
On him neither talking nor blows had effect;11··/˘/˘···˘/
Night and day was the house in a state of neglect.12··········˘/
Now rubbish and thorns in the way he would throw,11·/˘········
And again to cast fowls down the well was not slow.12·˘/·········
From his forehead fierce terror came down to his face ;12··/˘·/˘·····
When sent out, never anxious his steps to retrace.12···/˘/˘···˘/
Some one said, " From a slave whose base mind you detect,12··········˘/
Can you manners and merits and beauty expect?12··/˘·/˘·/˘˘/
Life is not worth a copper with such a vile boor;12·····/˘·····
Why favour his harshness? his load why endure?11·/˘·/˘···˘/
A good-natured slave for your use, without fail12··/˘˘·······
I will buy ; send this slave to the market for sale !12········/˘··
If he fetches one Dang, do not turn round and jeer !12··/˘········
For if truly you ask me—at nothing he's dear !"12··/˘····/˘··
The good-natured man to this speech turned his head;12··/˘˘·······
"Oh happy of birth!" he then, smilingly, said:11·/˘····/˘˘·
"The boy's person and nature are bad enough, still,12··/˘·/˘··˘/·
My nature through him becomes charged with goodwill.12·/˘··˘/·˘·//
Since I've borne on account of him very much care,12····˘/··/˘··
The oppression of others I'm able to bear.12·˘/˘·/˘·/˘··
I think it unmanly that him I should sell,11···········
For unto another his faults I would tell.11···˘/˘·····
Since to suffer his crosses I feel myself fit,12··/˘·/˘···/·
It is better by far than to cause him to flit."12··/˘········
Since yourself you admire, to another be kind !12·˘/·˘/·˘/˘··
If you're troubled, on others, distress do not bind !12··/˘·/˘˘/···
Forbearance, like poison, at first to you shows,11˘/˘·/˘·····
But it changes to honey when in you it grows.12··/˘·/˘·····

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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