Chapter II: Story on the Meaning of Kindness

Saadi (1210–1291), translated by G. S. Davie · 1882

anapaestic tetrameter · rhyming couplets · 40 lines · from The Garden of Fragrance

Some one crossing the desert a thirsty dog found ;The last breath was just left in the life of the houndThat Faith-approved man used as bucket his hat,And in place of a rope, tied his turban to that.He bared both his arms and made ready to save;To the poor, helpless animal, water he gave.The Prophet, the state of that person explained,And release for his sin from the Maker obtained.If you are a tyrant, beware and reflect !The path of the gen'rous and faithful, select !He, in saving a dog, did not sympathy waste;When is goodness in keeping. of good men effaced?Be as gen'rous as ever you possibly can !God shuts not the portal of joy upon man.If you have not a well in the desert to show,Put a lamp in the place unto which pilgrims go !Gold bestowed from a treasure in sackfuls, like spoil,Does not match one dinar, from the hard hand of Toil.A man in accord with his strength carries weight;In front of an emmet, a locust's leg's great !Oh fortunate. man ! keep men's welfare in view,That, to-morrow, the Lord deal not harshly with you !He who does not from helping the fallen refrain,Should he tumble himself, will not captive remain.On a slave, do not exercise harshly command!For it may be. that empire will. fall to his hand.When. your grandeur and pomp are established secure,Be not harsh to your subjects, although they, are poor !For grandeur and pomp they may, some day, possess—Like the pawn that, at once, takes the Queen's place in chess.Men who see what is good, and to counsels give heed,In any one's heart will not sow hatred's seed.The harvest's proud owner but does himself harm,When haughty to gleaners who visit his farm.He fears, lest the Lord show the poor gleaner grace,And, therefore, Grief's load on his conscience should place.Full many a strong one has drained Ruin's cup;And Fortune has helped many ruined men up.It is wrong, then, the hearts of your subjects to break,For as subject, one morn, you may chance to awake.

Words in this poem

beware v. t.
To avoid; to take care of; to have a care for.
dinar n.
A petty money of accounts of Persia. [Ar. d, from Gr. denarius. See Denier.]
emmet n.
An ant. Emmet hunter (Zoöl.), the wryneck. [OE. emete, amete, AS. æmete. See Ant.]
haughty a.
High; lofty; bold. [OE. hautein, F. hautain, fr. haut high, OF. also halt, fr. L. altus. See Altitude.]
gleaner n.
One who gathers after reapers.
conscience n.
Knowledge of one's own thoughts or actions; consciousness. [F. conscience, fr. L. conscientia, fr. consciens, p.pr. of conscire to know, to be conscious; con- + scire to know. See Science.]
morn n.
The first part of the day; the morning; -- used chiefly in poetry. [OE. morwen, morgen, AS. morgen; akin to D. morgen, OS. morgan, G. morgen, Icel. morginn, morgunn, Sw. morgon, Dan. morgen, Goth. maúrgins. Cf. Morrow, Morning.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Chapter II: Story on the Meaning of Kindness is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Garden of Fragrance: being a complete translation of the Bostan of Sadi from the original Persian into English verse, by G. S. Davie (London: Kegan Paul, Trench and Co., 1882), Internet Archive, the G. S. Davie translation; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Saadi, Chapter II: Story on the Meaning of Kindness, in The Garden of Fragrance (1882), text of Internet Archive, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/saadi-bostan/2-14.html, id L29571.

Form and metre

Chapter II: Story on the Meaning of Kindness is 40 lines in a single stanza. It is in rhyming couplets. The metre is anapaestic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 90%).

See other poems in rhyming couplets, other poems in anapaestic tetrameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 AABBCCDDEEFFGGHHIIJJKKLLMMNNOOPPQQRRSSTT foundA · houndA · hatB · thatB · saveC · gaveC · explainedD · obtainedD · reflectE · selectE · wasteF · effacedF · canG · manG · showH · goH · spoilI · toilI · weightJ · greatJ · viewK · youK · refrainL · remainL · commandM · handM · secureN · poorN · possessO · chessO · heedP · seedP · harmQ · farmQ · graceR · placeR · cupS · upS · breakT · awakeT
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against anapaestic tetrameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
Some one crossing the desert a thirsty dog found ;12··/˘·˘/·/˘··
The last breath was just left in the life of the hound12············
That Faith-approved man used as bucket his hat,12··˘/˘···/˘··
And in place of a rope, tied his turban to that.12········/˘··
He bared both his arms and made ready to save;12··˘·····/˘··
To the poor, helpless animal, water he gave.12···/˘/˘˘/˘··
The Prophet, the state of that person explained,12·/˘····/˘˘/˘
And release for his sin from the Maker obtained.12·˘/·····/˘˘/
If you are a tyrant, beware and reflect !11····/˘˘/·˘/
The path of the gen'rous and faithful, select !11·······/˘˘/
He, in saving a dog, did not sympathy waste;12··/˘····/˘˘·
When is goodness in keeping. of good men effaced?12··/˘·/˘···˘/
Be as gen'rous as ever you possibly can !12·····/˘·/˘˘·
God shuts not the portal of joy upon man.11····/˘·····
If you have not a well in the desert to show,12········/˘··
Put a lamp in the place unto which pilgrims go !12·········/˘·
Gold bestowed from a treasure in sackfuls, like spoil,12·˘/··/˘·····
Does not match one dinar, from the hard hand of Toil.12····˘/······
A man in accord with his strength carries weight;11···˘/···/˘·
In front of an emmet, a locust's leg's great !11····/˘·/˘··
Oh fortunate. man ! keep men's welfare in view,11·/˘˘···/···
That, to-morrow, the Lord deal not harshly with you !12··/˘····/˘··
He who does not from helping the fallen refrain,12·····/˘·/˘˘/
Should he tumble himself, will not captive remain.12··/˘˘/··/˘˘/
On a slave, do not exercise harshly command!12·····/˘·/˘˘/
For it may be. that empire will. fall to his hand.12·····/˘·····
When. your grandeur and pomp are established secure,12··˘/···˘/˘˘/
Be not harsh to your subjects, although they, are poor !12·····/˘·····
For grandeur and pomp they may, some day, possess—11·˘/······˘/
Like the pawn that, at once, takes the Queen's place in chess.12············
Men who see what is good, and to counsels give heed,12········/˘··
In any one's heart will not sow hatred's seed.11·/˘·····/˘·
The harvest's proud owner but does himself harm,11·/˘·/˘··˘/·
When haughty to gleaners who visit his farm.11·/˘····/˘··
He fears, lest the Lord show the poor gleaner grace,11········/˘·
And, therefore, Grief's load on his conscience should place.11·······/˘··
Full many a strong one has drained Ruin's cup;12·/˘·····˘/˘·
And Fortune has helped many ruined men up.12·/˘··˘/˘/˘··
It is wrong, then, the hearts of your subjects to break,12········/˘··
For as subject, one morn, you may chance to awake.12··˘/······˘/

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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