Chapter I: Story on Kindness to the Poor when you have plenty

Saadi (1210–1291), translated by G. S. Davie · 1882

anapaestic tetrameter · rhyming couplets · 44 lines · from The Garden of Fragrance

Such a famine, one year, in Damascus arose,That friends passed each other, as if they were foes.The sky had so miserly been to the ground,That moisture on fields or on palms was not found.The fountains, that long had existed, were dry ;No water, save that in the orphan boy's eye.If smoke from a chimney arose to the sky,It was only the poor widow woman's sad sigh.I saw that the trees, like the poor, were stripped bare ;That the strong armed were weak and in wretched despair.The hills showed no verdure, the gardens no shoots ;The locusts ate gardens, and men ate those brutes.I met an old friend, in this season of moans ;His body had shrivelled to skin and to bones.I was greatly surprised, for his means were not small ;He had rank, and had money, and stores at his call.I said :—" Oh companion ! of character pure,Explain the affliction you have to endure !"He roared at me, saying, " Oh where is your sense?When you know and you ask, you commit an offence.Don't you see that affliction has reached to excess ;That no bounds can restrict the amount of distress.From the heav'ns there descends not a shower of rain ;Not a sigh goes aloft from the poor who complain."I replied :—"You at least have no reason to fear—The poison destroys when no antidote's near—If another through want has been vanquished by death,You have food; does the duck heed the hurricane's breath ?"The holy man gave me a look, full of pain ;Like the look of the wise on the ignorant swain ;Saying, "Friend! though a man the sea-shore may have found,He does not rejoice, when his comrades are drowned.Not from absence of means has my face become pale ;Concern for the starving has made my heart quail.I do not desire that a wise man should scanA wound on his limbs, or the limbs of a man.And praise be to God ; though from wounds I am free,My body still shakes, if a wound I should see.Imbittered's the joy of a man who is well,Who alongside a paralyzed patient must dwell.When I see the necessitous poor go unfed,On my palate, like poison and dregs is my bread.If you carry one's friends to a dungeon and chains,What pleasure for him in the garden remains ?"

Words in this poem

famine n.
General scarcity of food; dearth; a want of provisions; destitution. [F. famine, fr. L. fames hunger; cf. Gr. hani loss, lack, ha to leave.]
miserly a.
Like a miser; very covetous; sordid; niggardly. [From Miser.]
chimney n.
A fireplace or hearth. Sir W. Raleigh.
offence n.
The act of offending in any sense; esp., a crime or a sin, an affront or an injury. [F., fr. L. offensa. See Offend.]
scan v. t.
To mount by steps; to go through with step by step. [L. scandere, scansum, to climb, to scan, akin to Skr. skand to spring, leap: cf. F. scander. Cf. Ascend, Descend, Scale a ladder.]
dwell v. i.
To delay; to linger. [OE. dwellen, dwelien, to err, linger, AS. dwellan to deceive, hinder, delay, dwelian to err; akin to Icel. dvelja to delay, tarry, Sw. dväljas to dwell, Dan. dv]
necessitous a.
Very needy or indigent; pressed with poverty. [Cf. F. nécessiteux.]
dungeon n.
A close, dark prison, commondonjon or keep of a castle, these being used as prisons. [OE. donjoun highest tower of a castle, tower, prison, F. donjon tower or platform in the midst of a castle, turret, or closet on the top of a house, a keep of a]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Chapter I: Story on Kindness to the Poor when you have plenty is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Garden of Fragrance: being a complete translation of the Bostan of Sadi from the original Persian into English verse, by G. S. Davie (London: Kegan Paul, Trench and Co., 1882), Internet Archive, the G. S. Davie translation; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Saadi, Chapter I: Story on Kindness to the Poor when you have plenty, in The Garden of Fragrance (1882), text of Internet Archive, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/saadi-bostan/1-21.html, id L29526.

Form and metre

Chapter I: Story on Kindness to the Poor when you have plenty is 44 lines in a single stanza. It is in rhyming couplets. The metre is anapaestic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 94%).

See other poems in rhyming couplets, other poems in anapaestic tetrameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 AABBCCDDEEFFGGHHIIJJKKLLMMNNOOPPQQRRSSTTUUVV aroseA · foesA · groundB · foundB · dryC · eyeC · skyD · sighD · bareE · despairE · shootsF · brutesF · moansG · bonesG · smallH · callH · pureI · endureI · senseJ · offenceJ · excessK · distressK · rainL · complainL · fearM · nearM · deathN · breathN · painO · swainO · foundP · drownedP · paleQ · quailQ · scanR · manR · freeS · seeS · wellT · dwellT · unfedU · breadU · chainsV · remainsV
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against anapaestic tetrameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
Such a famine, one year, in Damascus arose,12··/˘···˘/˘˘/
That friends passed each other, as if they were foes.11····/˘·····
The sky had so miserly been to the ground,11····/˘˘····
That moisture on fields or on palms was not found.11·/˘········
The fountains, that long had existed, were dry ;11·/˘···˘/˘··
No water, save that in the orphan boy's eye.11·/˘····/˘··
If smoke from a chimney arose to the sky,11····/˘˘/···
It was only the poor widow woman's sad sigh.12··/˘··/˘/˘··
I saw that the trees, like the poor, were stripped bare ;11···········
That the strong armed were weak and in wretched despair.12········/˘˘/
The hills showed no verdure, the gardens no shoots ;11····/˘·/˘··
The locusts ate gardens, and men ate those brutes.11·/˘·/˘·····
I met an old friend, in this season of moans ;11·······/˘··
His body had shrivelled to skin and to bones.11·/˘·/˘·····
I was greatly surprised, for his means were not small ;12··/˘˘/······
He had rank, and had money, and stores at his call.12·····/˘·····
I said :—" Oh companion ! of character pure,11···˘/˘·/˘˘·
Explain the affliction you have to endure !"11˘/·˘/˘···˘/
He roared at me, saying, " Oh where is your sense?11····/˘·····
When you know and you ask, you commit an offence.12·······˘/·˘/
Don't you see that affliction has reached to excess ;12····˘/˘···˘/
That no bounds can restrict the amount of distress.12····˘/·˘/·˘/
From the heav'ns there descends not a shower of rain ;11····˘/··/··
Not a sigh goes aloft from the poor who complain."12····˘/····˘/
I replied :—"You at least have no reason to fear—12·˘/·····/˘··
The poison destroys when no antidote's near—11·/˘˘/··/˘··
If another through want has been vanquished by death,12·˘/˘····/˘··
You have food; does the duck heed the hurricane's breath ?"12········/˘··
The holy man gave me a look, full of pain ;11·/˘········
Like the look of the wise on the ignorant swain ;11········/˘·
Saying, "Friend! though a man the sea-shore may have found,12/˘··········
He does not rejoice, when his comrades are drowned.11···˘/··/···
Not from absence of means has my face become pale ;12··/˘·····˘/·
Concern for the starving has made my heart quail.11˘/··/˘·····
I do not desire that a wise man should scan11···˘/······
A wound on his limbs, or the limbs of a man.11···········
And praise be to God ; though from wounds I am free,11···········
My body still shakes, if a wound I should see.11·/˘········
Imbittered's the joy of a man who is well,12············
Who alongside a paralyzed patient must dwell.12·˘//·/˘·/˘··
When I see the necessitous poor go unfed,11····˘/˘˘···
On my palate, like poison and dregs is my bread.12··/˘·/˘·····
If you carry one's friends to a dungeon and chains,12··/˘····/˘··
What pleasure for him in the garden remains ?"11·/˘····/˘˘/

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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