Introduction: In Praise of Mohamed

Saadi (1210–1291), translated by G. S. Davie · 1882

anapaestic tetrameter · rhyming couplets · 60 lines · from The Garden of Fragrance

Of kind disposition and nature refined !The Prophet and Pleader of all human-kind!The Chief of the Prophets ! the Guide of the road!Place of Gabriel's alighting! the Trusted of God !Mediator of men ! Lord of raising the dead!The Chief of the Guides and the Judgment Court's Head !A communer with God, circling Heav'n in his flight;All lights that have shown are but rays from his light.The orphan who showed in his reading defect,Abolished the churches of many a sect.When the sabre of dread he resolved to draw out ;With ease, he bisected the scabbard of doubt!When the mouth of the world was replete with his fame,To the palace of Cyrus a shivering came.With "la-illa" he Lat into particles crushed,And before the grand faith Uza's lustre forth gushed.Not alone Lat and Uza beneath his feet fell,He the "Gospel" and "Pentateuch" wiped out as well!One night riding forth, he passed Heav'n's lofty sphere,And in glory and pomp left the angels in rear.In the desert so warmly to God he inclined,That Gabriel was left in his mansion behind.To him spoke the chief of the Kaba divine :—"Oh Gabriel! may higher enjoyment be thine !When you found honest friendship in me to exist,Why did you the reins from my fellowship twist?"He answered, " To me no more power pertained ;I stopped, for no strength in my pinions remained.If but one hair's-breadth higher to fly I presumed,By the blaze of your light had my wings been consumed."From sin unredeemed not a soul can abide;Who has such a leader before him as guide.What suitable praises to you can I pen ?Upon you be safety, oh, Prophet of men !May the blessing of God on your spirit remain !On your comrades and all who belong to your train !First, the aged disciple, Abu-Bakar, stands ;Second, Omar, who twisted a proud Devil's hands ;Third, Osman, the wise, who made vigils his rule;And fourth, Ali-Shah who rode Duldul the mule.Oh God ! by the sons who from Fatima rose !On the word of the Faith ! I now draw to a close.If my pray'r Thou accept or my prayer Thou shun,My hand and the "prophet's" son's skirt shall be one.Oh leader of fortunate step ! what declineTo the height of your glory at God's holy shrine,If a few who belong to the mendicant race,Should be guests and not pests at the kingdom of grace?The Lord has commended and raised you up so,That in front of your pow'r, Gabriel bows his head low.Confronting your power the heav'ns shame display;You had being when Adam was water and clay.At first, as the root of existence you came,And all who have lived, you as branches can claim.I am doubtful what words unto you to address,For you're higher than I can find words to express.In your honour the glory of Laulak will do ;And Tah and Yasin will be suitable too.What praises can Sadi, the faulty, give thee?Oh, Prophet! may mercy and peace on you be !

Words in this poem

pleader n.
One who pleads; one who argues for or against; an advotate. [F. plaideur.]
sabre n.
A sword with a broad and heavy blade, thick at the back, and usually more or less curved like a scimiter; a cavalry sword. Saber fish, or Sabre fish (Zoöl.), the cutlass fish.
replete a.
Filled again; completely filled; full; charged; abounding. [L. repletus, p. p. of replere to fill again, fill up; pref. re- re- + plere to fill, akin to plenus full: cf. F. replet corpulent. See Plenty, Replenish.]
lustre n.
A period of five years; a lustrum. [L. lustrum: cf. F. lustre.]
warmly adv.
In a warm manner; ardently.
mansion n.
A dwelling place, -- whether a part or whole of a house or other shelter. [OF. mansion, F. maison, fr. L. mansio a staying, remaining, a dwelling, habitation, fr. manere, mansum, to stay, dwell; akin to Gr. Manse, Manor, Menagerie, Men]
spoke n.
The radius or ray of a wheel; one of the small bars which are inserted in the hub, or nave, and which serve to support the rim or felly. [OE. spoke, spake, AS, spaca; akin to D. speek, LG. speke, OHG. speihha, G. speiche. sq. root170. Cf. Spike a nail.]
rode n.
Redness; complexion. [See Rud.]
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
confronting n.
dealing with (a person or problem) directly; taking the bull by the horns.
honour n.
Esteem due or paid to worth; high estimation; respect; consideration; reverence; veneration; manifestation of respect or reverence. [OE. honor, honour, onour, onur, OF. honor, onor, honur, onur, honour, onour, F. honneur, fr. L. honor, honos.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Introduction: In Praise of Mohamed is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Garden of Fragrance: being a complete translation of the Bostan of Sadi from the original Persian into English verse, by G. S. Davie (London: Kegan Paul, Trench and Co., 1882), Internet Archive, the G. S. Davie translation; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Saadi, Introduction: In Praise of Mohamed, in The Garden of Fragrance (1882), text of Internet Archive, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/saadi-bostan/0-2.html, id L29502.

Form and metre

Introduction: In Praise of Mohamed is 60 lines in a single stanza. It is in rhyming couplets. The metre is anapaestic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 92%).

See other poems in rhyming couplets, other poems in anapaestic tetrameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 AABBCCDDEEFFGGHHIIJJKKLLMMNNOOPPQQRRSSTTUUVVWWXXYYZZaabbccdd refinedA · kindA · roadB · godB · deadC · headC · flightD · lightD · defectE · sectE · outF · doubtF · fameG · cameG · crushedH · gushedH · fellI · wellI · sphereJ · rearJ · inclinedK · behindK · divineL · thineL · existM · twistM · pertainedN · remainedN · presumedO · consumedO · abideP · guideP · penQ · menQ · remainR · trainR · standsS · handsS · ruleT · muleT · roseU · closeU · shunV · oneV · declineW · shrineW · raceX · graceX · soY · lowY · displayZ · clayZ · camea · claima · addressb · expressb · doc · tooc · theed · bed
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against anapaestic tetrameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
Of kind disposition and nature refined !11···˘/˘·/˘˘/
The Prophet and Pleader of all human-kind!11·/˘·/˘··/˘·
The Chief of the Prophets ! the Guide of the road!11····/˘·····
Place of Gabriel's alighting! the Trusted of God !12··/˘˘/˘·/˘··
Mediator of men ! Lord of raising the dead!12/˘·˘····/˘··
The Chief of the Guides and the Judgment Court's Head !11·······/˘··
A communer with God, circling Heav'n in his flight;12······/˘····
All lights that have shown are but rays from his light.11···········
The orphan who showed in his reading defect,11·/˘····/˘/˘
Abolished the churches of many a sect.11˘/˘·/˘·/˘··
When the sabre of dread he resolved to draw out ;12··/˘···˘/···
With ease, he bisected the scabbard of doubt!11·······/˘··
When the mouth of the world was replete with his fame,12·······˘/···
To the palace of Cyrus a shivering came.11··/˘·/˘·/˘·
With "la-illa" he Lat into particles crushed,11········/˘·
And before the grand faith Uza's lustre forth gushed.12········/˘··
Not alone Lat and Uza beneath his feet fell,12·˘/·········
He the "Gospel" and "Pentateuch" wiped out as well!12··/˘·/˘˘····
One night riding forth, he passed Heav'n's lofty sphere,11··/˘····/˘·
And in glory and pomp left the angels in rear.12··/˘····/˘··
In the desert so warmly to God he inclined,12··˘/·/˘···˘/
That Gabriel was left in his mansion behind.11·/˘····/˘··
To him spoke the chief of the Kaba divine :—11·········˘/
"Oh Gabriel! may higher enjoyment be thine !11·/˘˘·/˘/˘··
When you found honest friendship in me to exist,12···/˘/˘···˘/
Why did you the reins from my fellowship twist?"11·······/˘··
He answered, " To me no more power pertained ;11·/˘····/˘˘/
I stopped, for no strength in my pinions remained.11·······/˘˘/
If but one hair's-breadth higher to fly I presumed,11·····/···˘/
By the blaze of your light had my wings been consumed."12··········˘/
From sin unredeemed not a soul can abide;11···˘/····˘/
Who has such a leader before him as guide.11····/˘·····
What suitable praises to you can I pen ?11·/˘˘/˘·····
Upon you be safety, oh, Prophet of men !11····/˘·/˘··
May the blessing of God on your spirit remain !11··/˘····/˘/
On your comrades and all who belong to your train !12··/····˘/···
First, the aged disciple, Abu-Bakar, stands ;11···˘/˘/˘···
Second, Omar, who twisted a proud Devil's hands ;12/˘/˘·/˘··/˘·
Third, Osman, the wise, who made vigils his rule;11·/˘····/˘··
And fourth, Ali-Shah who rode Duldul the mule.11··/˘·······
Oh God ! by the sons who from Fatima rose !11·······/˘˘·
On the word of the Faith ! I now draw to a close.12············
If my pray'r Thou accept or my prayer Thou shun,11····˘/·····
My hand and the "prophet's" son's skirt shall be one.11····/˘·····
Oh leader of fortunate step ! what decline11·/˘·/˘˘··˘/
To the height of your glory at God's holy shrine,12·····/˘··/˘·
If a few who belong to the mendicant race,12····˘/··/˘˘·
Should be guests and not pests at the kingdom of grace?12········/˘··
The Lord has commended and raised you up so,11···˘/˘·····
That in front of your pow'r, Gabriel bows his head low.12······/˘····
Confronting your power the heav'ns shame display;11˘/˘·/˘···˘/
You had being when Adam was water and clay.11··/·/˘·/˘··
At first, as the root of existence you came,11······˘/˘··
And all who have lived, you as branches can claim.11·······/˘··
I am doubtful what words unto you to address,12··/˘······/·
For you're higher than I can find words to express.11··/······˘/
In your honour the glory of Laulak will do ;12··/˘·/˘·····
And Tah and Yasin will be suitable too.11···/˘··/˘˘·
What praises can Sadi, the faulty, give thee?11·/˘····/˘··
Oh, Prophet! may mercy and peace on you be !11·/˘·/˘·····

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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