An Epitaph
Beneath the marble, mud, or moss,Which e’er his subjects shall determine,Entombed in eulogies and dross,The Island King is food for vermin.Preserved by scribblers and by saltFrom Lethe and sepulchral vapours,His body fills his father’s vault,His character, the daily papers.
Well was he framed for royal seat;Kind, to the meanest of his creatures,With tender heart and tender feet,And open purse and open features;The ladies say who laid him out,And earned thereby the usual pensions,They never wreathed a shroud aboutA corpse of more genteel dimensions.
He warred with half-a-score of foes,And shone, by proxy, in the quarrel;Enjoyed hard fights and soft repose,And deathless debt and deathless laurel.His enemies were scalped and flayedWhene’er his soldiers were victorious,And widows wept and paupers paidTo make their sovereign ruler glorious;
And days were set apart for thanks,And prayers were said by pious readers,And laud was lavished on the ranks,And laurel lavished on their leaders;Events are writ by History’s pen,Though causes are too much to care for;Fame talks about the where and when,While Folly asks the why and wherefore.
In peace he was intensely gayAnd indefatigably busy,Preparing gewgaws every day,And shows to make his subjects dizzy,And hearing the report of guns,And signing the report of gaolers,And making up receipts for buns,And patterns for the army tailors,
And building carriages and boats,And streets, and chapels, and pavilions,And regulating all the coats,And all the principles of millions,And drinking homilies and gin,And chewing pork and adulation,And looking backwards upon sin,And looking forward to salvation.
The people, in his happy reign,Were blest beyond all other nations;Unharmed by foreign axe or chain,Unhealed by civil innovations;They served the usual logs and stonesWith all the usual rites and terrors,And swallowed all their father’s bones,And swallowed all their father’s errors.
When the fierce mob, with clubs and knives,All vowed that nothing should content them,But that their representativesShould actually represent them,He interposed the proper checks,By sending troops with drums and bannersTo cut their speeches short, and necks,And break their heads to mend their manners,And when Dissension flung her stainUpon the light of Hymen’s altar,And Destiny made Hymen’s chainAs galling as the hangman’s halter,He passed a most domestic life,By many mistresses befriended,And did not put away his wife,For fear the priest should be offended.
And thus at last he sank to restAmid the blessings of his people,And sighs were heard from every breast,And bells were tolled from every steeple,And loud was every public throngHis brilliant character adorning,And poets raised a mourning song,And clothiers raised the price of mourning.
His funeral was very grand,Followed by many robes and maces,And all the great ones of the landStruggling, as heretofore, for places;And every loyal ministerWas there, with signs of purse-felt sorrow,Save Pozzy, his lord chancellor,Who promised to attend to-morrow.
Peace to his dust. His fostering careBy grateful hearts shall long be cherished;And all his subjects shall declareThey lost a grinder when he perished.They who shall look upon the leadIn which a people’s love hath shrined him,Will say when all the worst is said,Perhaps he leaves a worse behind him.
Words in this poem
- shall v. i.
- To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
- vermin n.
- An animal, in general. [OE. vermine, F. vermine, from L. vermis a worm; cf. LL. vermen a worm, L. verminosus full of worms. See Vermicular, Worm.]
- lethe n.
- A river of Hades whose waters when drunk caused forgetfulness of the past.
- corpse n.
- A human body in general, whether living or dead; -- sometimes contemptuosly. [OF. cors (sometimes written corps), F. corps, L. corpus; akin to AS. hrif womb. See Midriff, and cf. Corse, Corselet, Corps, Cuerpo.]
- deathless a.
- Not subject to death, destruction, or extinction; immortal; undying; imperishable; as, deathless beings; deathless fame.
- glorious a.
- Exhibiting attributes, qualities, or acts that are worthy of or receive glory; noble; praiseworthy; excellent; splendid; illustrious; inspiring admiration; as, glorious deeds. [OF. glorios, glorious, F. glorieux, fr. L. gloriosus. See Glory, n.]
- wherefore adv.
- For which reason; so; -- used relatively. [Where + for.]
- intensely adv.
- Intently. J. Spencer.
- indefatigably adv.
- Without weariness; without yielding to fatigue; persistently.
- hymen n.
- A fold of muscous membrane often found at the orifice of the vagina; the vaginal membrane.
- galling a.
- Fitted to gall or chafe; vexing; harassing; irritating.
- amid prep.
- In the midst or middle of; surrounded or encompassed by; among. [OE. amidde, amiddes, on midden, AS. on middan, in the middle, fr. midde the middle. The s is an adverbial ending, originally marking the genitive; the t is a la]
- grinder n.
- One who, or that which, grinds.
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
An Epitaph is in the public domain. This text is taken from The poems of Winthrop Mackworth Praed. [selected], Project Gutenberg ebook #71008; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: Winthrop Mackworth Praed, An Epitaph, in Poems (1820–1839), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #71008, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/praed-poems/an-epitaph.html, id L10197.
Form and metre
An Epitaph is 96 lines in 11 stanzas. The rhyme scheme is ABABCDCD, complete in 7 of its 11 stanzas. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 91%). 96% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 8.5 syllables. 45 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 18% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.
See other poems in iambic pentameter.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Rhyme words, stanza by stanza
The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.
- 1 A-A-BCBC mossA · determine · drossA · vermin · saltB · vapoursC · vaultB · papersC
- 2 ABABCDCD seatA · creaturesB · feetA · featuresB · outC · pensionsD · aboutC · dimensionsD
- 3 ABABCDCD foesA · quarrelB · reposeA · laurelB · flayedC · victoriousD · paidC · gloriousD
- 4 ABABCDCD thanksA · readersB · ranksA · leadersB · penC · forD · whenC · whereforeD
- 5 ABABC-C- gayA · busyB · dayA · dizzyB · gunsC · gaolers · bunsC · tailors
- 6 ABABCDCD boatsA · pavilionsB · coatsA · millionsB · ginC · adulationD · sinC · salvationD
- 7 ABABCDCD reignA · nationsB · chainA · innovationsB · stonesC · terrorsD · bonesC · errorsD
- 8 ABABCDCDEFEFGHGH knivesA · themB · representativesA · themB · checksC · bannersD · necksC · mannersD · stainE · altarF · chainE · halterF · lifeG · befriendedH · wifeG · offendedH
- 9 ABABCDCD restA · peopleB · breastA · steepleB · throngC · adorningD · songC · mourningD
- 10 ABAB-C-C grandA · macesB · landA · placesB · minister · sorrowC · chancellor · morrowC
- 11 ABABCDCD careA · cherishedB · declareA · perishedB · leadC · himD · saidC · himD
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| Beneath the marble, mud, or moss, | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| Which e’er his subjects shall determine, | 9 | ···/˘·˘/˘ |
| Entombed in eulogies and dross, | 8 | ˘/·/˘˘·· |
| The Island King is food for vermin. | 9 | ·/˘····/˘ |
| Preserved by scribblers and by salt | 8 | ˘/·/˘··· |
| From Lethe and sepulchral vapours, | 9 | ·/˘·˘/˘/˘ |
| His body fills his father’s vault, | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| His character, the daily papers. | 9 | ·/˘˘·/˘/˘ |
| Well was he framed for royal seat; | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| Kind, to the meanest of his creatures, | 9 | ···/˘··/˘ |
| With tender heart and tender feet, | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| And open purse and open features; | 9 | ·/˘··/˘/˘ |
| The ladies say who laid him out, | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| And earned thereby the usual pensions, | 9 | ·····/˘/˘ |
| They never wreathed a shroud about | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| A corpse of more genteel dimensions. | 9 | ····˘/˘/˘ |
| He warred with half-a-score of foes, | 8 | ········ |
| And shone, by proxy, in the quarrel; | 9 | ···/˘··/˘ |
| Enjoyed hard fights and soft repose, | 8 | ˘/····˘/ |
| And deathless debt and deathless laurel. | 9 | ·/˘··/˘/˘ |
| His enemies were scalped and flayed | 8 | ·/˘˘···· |
| Whene’er his soldiers were victorious, | 10 | ····/˘·˘/˘ |
| And widows wept and paupers paid | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| To make their sovereign ruler glorious; | 9 | ···/˘/˘/˘ |
| And days were set apart for thanks, | 8 | ····˘/·· |
| And prayers were said by pious readers, | 9 | ·····/˘/˘ |
| And laud was lavished on the ranks, | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| And laurel lavished on their leaders; | 9 | ·/˘/˘··/˘ |
| Events are writ by History’s pen, | 8 | ˘/···/˘· |
| Though causes are too much to care for; | 9 | ·/˘······ |
| Fame talks about the where and when, | 8 | ········ |
| While Folly asks the why and wherefore. | 9 | ·/˘····/˘ |
| In peace he was intensely gay | 8 | ····˘/˘· |
| And indefatigably busy, | 9 | ·······/˘ |
| Preparing gewgaws every day, | 8 | ˘/˘/˘/˘· |
| And shows to make his subjects dizzy, | 9 | ·····/˘/˘ |
| And hearing the report of guns, | 8 | ·/˘·˘/·· |
| And signing the report of gaolers, | 9 | ·/˘·˘/··· |
| And making up receipts for buns, | 8 | ·/˘·˘/·· |
| And patterns for the army tailors, | 9 | ·/˘··/˘/˘ |
| And building carriages and boats, | 8 | ·/˘/˘˘·· |
| And streets, and chapels, and pavilions, | 9 | ···/˘·˘/˘ |
| And regulating all the coats, | 8 | ·/˘·˘··· |
| And all the principles of millions, | 9 | ···/˘˘·/˘ |
| And drinking homilies and gin, | 8 | ·/˘/˘˘·· |
| And chewing pork and adulation, | 9 | ·/˘···˘/˘ |
| And looking backwards upon sin, | 8 | ·/˘/˘··· |
| And looking forward to salvation. | 9 | ·/˘/˘·˘/˘ |
| The people, in his happy reign, | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| Were blest beyond all other nations; | 9 | ·····/˘/˘ |
| Unharmed by foreign axe or chain, | 8 | ˘/·/˘··· |
| Unhealed by civil innovations; | 9 | ···/˘·˘/˘ |
| They served the usual logs and stones | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| With all the usual rites and terrors, | 9 | ···/˘··/˘ |
| And swallowed all their father’s bones, | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| And swallowed all their father’s errors. | 9 | ·/˘··/˘/˘ |
| When the fierce mob, with clubs and knives, | 8 | ········ |
| All vowed that nothing should content them, | 9 | ···/˘·˘/· |
| But that their representatives | 8 | ····˘/˘˘ |
| Should actually represent them, | 8 | ·/˘˘·˘/· |
| He interposed the proper checks, | 8 | ··˘/·/˘· |
| By sending troops with drums and banners | 9 | ·/˘····/˘ |
| To cut their speeches short, and necks, | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| And break their heads to mend their manners, | 9 | ·······/˘ |
| And when Dissension flung her stain | 8 | ··˘/˘··· |
| Upon the light of Hymen’s altar, | 9 | ·····/˘/˘ |
| And Destiny made Hymen’s chain | 8 | ·/˘˘·/˘· |
| As galling as the hangman’s halter, | 9 | ·/˘··/˘/˘ |
| He passed a most domestic life, | 8 | ····˘/˘· |
| By many mistresses befriended, | 9 | ·/˘/˘˘˘/˘ |
| And did not put away his wife, | 8 | ····˘/·· |
| For fear the priest should be offended. | 9 | ······˘/˘ |
| And thus at last he sank to rest | 8 | ········ |
| Amid the blessings of his people, | 9 | ˘/·/˘··/˘ |
| And sighs were heard from every breast, | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| And bells were tolled from every steeple, | 9 | ·····/˘/˘ |
| And loud was every public throng | 8 | ···/˘/˘· |
| His brilliant character adorning, | 9 | ·/˘/˘˘˘/˘ |
| And poets raised a mourning song, | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| And clothiers raised the price of mourning. | 9 | ·/˘····/˘ |
| His funeral was very grand, | 8 | ·/˘˘·/˘· |
| Followed by many robes and maces, | 9 | /˘·/˘··/˘ |
| And all the great ones of the land | 8 | ········ |
| Struggling, as heretofore, for places; | 9 | /˘··˘/·/˘ |
| And every loyal minister | 9 | ·/˘˘/˘/˘˘ |
| Was there, with signs of purse-felt sorrow, | 9 | ·······/˘ |
| Save Pozzy, his lord chancellor, | 8 | ·····/˘˘ |
| Who promised to attend to-morrow. | 9 | ·/˘·˘/·/˘ |
| Peace to his dust. His fostering care | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| By grateful hearts shall long be cherished; | 9 | ·/˘····/˘ |
| And all his subjects shall declare | 8 | ···/˘·˘/ |
| They lost a grinder when he perished. | 9 | ···/˘··/˘ |
| They who shall look upon the lead | 8 | ········ |
| In which a people’s love hath shrined him, | 9 | ···/˘···· |
| Will say when all the worst is said, | 8 | ········ |
| Perhaps he leaves a worse behind him. | 9 | ˘/······· |
The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.