Part I

Petrarch (1304–1374), translated by various hands · 1859

iambic pentameter · heroic couplets · 183 lines · from The Sonnets, Triumphs and Other Poems

When cruel Death his paly ensign spreadOver that face, which oft in triumph ledMy subject thoughts; and beauty's sovereign light,Retiring, left the world immersed in night;The Phantom, with a frown that chill'd the heart,Seem'd with his gloomy pageant to depart,Exulting in his formidable arms,And proud of conquest o'er seraphic charms.When, turning round, I saw the Power advanceThat breaks the gloomy grave's eternal trance,And bids the disembodied spirit claimThe glorious guerdon of immortal Fame.Like Phosphor, in the sullen rear of night,Before the golden wheels of orient lightHe came. But who the tendant pomp can tell,What mighty master of the corded shellCan sing how heaven above accordant smiled,And what bright pageantry the prospect fill'd.I look'd, but all in vain: the potent rayFlash'd on my sight intolerable dayAt first; but to the splendour soon inured,My eyes perused the pomp with sight assured.True dignity in every face was seen,As on they march'd with more than mortal mien;And some I saw whom Love had link'd before,Ennobled now by Virtue's lofty lore.Caesar and Scipio on the dexter handOf the bright goddess led the laurell'd band.One, like a planet by the lord of day,Seem'd o'er-illumined by her splendid ray,By brightness hid; for he, to virtue true,His mind from Love's soft bondage nobly drew.The other, half a slave to female charms,Parted his homage to the god of armsAnd Love's seductive power: but, close and deep,Like files that climb'd the Capitolian steepIn years of yore, along the sacred wayA martial squadron came in long array.In ranges as they moved distinct and bright,On every burganet that met the light,Some name of long renown, distinctly read,O'er each majestic brow a glory shed.Still on the noble pair my eyes I bent,And watch'd their progress up the steep ascent.The second Scipio next in line was seen,And he that seem'd the lure of Egypt's queen;With many a mighty chief I there beheld,Whose valorous hand the battle's storm repell'd.Two fathers of the great Cornelian name,With their three noble sons who shared their fame,One singly march'd before, and, hand in hand,His two heroic partners trod the strand.The last was first in fame; but brighter beamsHis follower flung around in solar streams.Metaurus' champion, whom the moon beheld,When his resistless spears the current swell'dWith Libya's hated gore, in arms renown'dWas he, nor less with Wisdom's olive crown'd.Quick was his thought and ready was his hand,His power accomplish'd what his reason plann'd;He seem'd, with eagle eye and eagle wing,Sudden on his predestined game to spring.But he that follow'd next with step sedateDrew round his foe the viewless snare of fate;While, with consummate art, he kept at bayThe raging foe, and conquer'd by delay.Another Fabius join'd the stoic pair,The Pauli and Marcelli famed in war;With them the victor in the friendly strife,Whose public virtue quench'd his love of life.With either Brutus ancient Curius came;Fabricius, too, I spied, a nobler name(With his plain russet gown and simple board)Than either Lydian with her golden hoard.Then came the great dictator from the plough;And old Serranus show'd his laurell'd brow.Marching with equal step. Camillus near,Who, fresh and vigorous in the bright careerOf honour, sped, and never slack'd his pace,Till Death o'ertook him in the noble race,And placed him in a sphere of fame so high,That other patriots fill'd a lower sky.Even those ungrateful lands that seal'd his doomRecall'd the hanish'd man to rescue Rome.Torquains nigh, a sterner spectre stood,His fasces all besmear'd with filial blood:He childless to the shades resolved to go,Rather than Rome a moment should foregoThat dreadful discipline, whose rigid loreHad spread their triumphs round from shore to shore.Then the two Decii came, by Heaven inspired,Divinely bold, as when the foe retiredBefore their Heaven-directed march, amazed,When on the self-devoted men they gazed,Till they provoked their fate. And Curtius nigh,As when to heaven he cast his upward eye,And all on fire with glory's opening charms,Plunged to the Shades below with clanging arms,Laevinus, Mummius, with Flaminius show'd,Like meaner lights along the heavenly road;And he who conquer'd Greece from sea to sea,Then mildly bade th' afflicted race be free.Next came the dauntless envoy, with his wand,Whose more than magic circle on the sandThe frenzy of the Syrian king confined:O'er-awed he stood, and at his fate repined.Great Manlius, too, who drove the hostile throngProne from the steep on which his members hung,(A sad reverse) the hungry vultures' food,When Roman justice claim'd his forfeit blood.Then Cocles came, who took his dreadful standWhere the wide arch the foaming torrent spann'd,Stemming the tide of war with matchless might,And turn'd the heady current of the fight.And he that, stung with fierce vindictive ire,Consumed his erring hand with hostile fire.Duillius next and Catulus were seen,Whose daring navies plough'd the billowy greenThat laves Pelorus and the Sardian shore,And dyed the rolling waves with Punic gore.Great Appius next advanced in sterner mood,Who with patrician loftiness withstoodThe clamours of the crowd. But, close behind,Of gentler manners and more equal mind,Came one, perhaps the first in martial might,Yet his dim glory cast a waning light;But neither Bacchus, nor Alcmena's sonSuch trophies yet by east or west have won;Nor he that in the arms of conquest died,As he, when Rome's stern foes his valour triedYet he survived his fame. But luckier farWas one that follow'd next, whose golden starTo better fortune led, and mark'd his nameAmong the first in deeds of martial fame:But cruel was his rage, and dipp'd in goreBy civil slaughter was the wreath he wore.A less-ensanguined laurel graced the headOf him that next advanced with lofty tread,In martial conduct and in active mightOf equal honour in the fields of fight.Then great Volumnius, who expell'd the pestWhose spreading ills the Romans long distress'd.Rutilius Cassus, Philo next in sightAppear'd, like twinkling stars that gild the night.Three men I saw advancing up the vale,Mangled with ghastly wounds through plate and mail;Dentatus, long in standing fight renown'd,Sergius and Scaeva oft with conquest crown'd;The triple terror of the hostile train,On whom the storm of battle broke in vain.Another Sergius near with deep disgraceMarr'd the long glories of his ancient race,Marius, then, the Cimbrians who repell'dFrom fearful Rome, and Lybia's tyrant quell'd.And Fulvius, who Campania's traitors slew,And paid ingratitude with vengeance due.Another nobler Fulvius next appear'd;And there the Father of the Gracchi rear'dA solitary crest. The following formWas he that often raised the factious storm--Bold Catulus, and he whom fortune's rayIllumined still with beams of cloudless day;Yet fail'd to chase the darkness of the mind,That brooded still on loftier hopes behind.From him a nobler line in two degreesReduced Numidia to reluctant peace.Crete, Spain, and Macedonia's conquer'd lordAdorn'd their triumphs and their treasures stored.Vespasian, with his son, I next survey'd,An angel soul in angel form array'd;Nor less his brother seem'd in outward grace,But hell within belied a beauteous face.Then Nerva, who retrieved the falling throne,And Trajan, by his conquering eagles known.Adrian, and Antonine the just and good,He, with his son, the golden age renew'd;And ere they ruled the world, themselves subdued.Then, as I turn'd my roving eyes around,Quirinus I beheld with laurel crown'd,And five succeeding kings. The sixth was lost,By vice degraded from his regal post;A sentence just, whatever pride may claim,For virtue only finds eternal Fame.

Words in this poem 48
paly a.
Pale; wanting color; dim. Shak. Whittier. [From Pale, a.]
pageant n.
A theatrical exhibition; a spectacle. [OE. pagent, pagen, originally, a movable scaffold or stage, hence, what was exhibited on it, fr. LL. pagina, akin to pangere to fasten; cf. L. pagina page, leaf]
depart v. i.
To part; to divide; to separate. [OE. departen to divide, part, depart, F. départir to divide, distribute, se départir to separate one's self, depart; pref. dé- (L. de) + partir to part, depart,]
exulting a.
Rejoicing triumphantly or exceedingly; exultant.
seraphic a.
Of or pertaining to a seraph; becoming, or suitable to, a seraph; angelic; sublime; pure; refined. [Cf. F. séraphique.]
glorious a.
Exhibiting attributes, qualities, or acts that are worthy of or receive glory; noble; praiseworthy; excellent; splendid; illustrious; inspiring admiration; as, glorious deeds. [OF. glorios, glorious, F. glorieux, fr. L. gloriosus. See Glory, n.]
guerdon n.
A reward; requital; recompense; -- used in both a good and a bad sense. [OF. guerdon, guerredon, LL. widerdonum (influenced by L. donum gift, cf. Donation ), fr. OHG. widarl; widar again, against (G. wider wieder) + lon reward, G. lo]
sullen a.
Lonely; solitary; desolate. Wyclif (Job iii. 14). [OE. solein, solain, lonely, sullen; through Old French fr. (assumed) LL. solanus solitary, fr. L. solus alone. See Sole, a.]
corded a.
Bound or fastened with cords.
pageantry n.
Scenic shows or spectacles, taken collectivelly; spectacular guality; splendor.
splendour n.
Great brightness; brilliant luster; brilliancy; as, the splendor ot the sun. B. Jonson. [L. fr. splendere to shine: cf. F. splendeur.]
nobly adv.
Of noble extraction; as, nobly born or descended.
capitolian a.
Of or pertaining to the Capitol in Rome. [L. capitolinus: cf. F. capitolin.]
yore adv.
In time long past; in old time; long since. [OE. , yare, , AS. geára;akin to geár a year, E. year. Year.]
squadron n.
Primarily, a square; hence, a square body of troops; a body of troops drawn up in a square. [F. escadron, formerly also esquadron, or It. squadrone. See Squad.]
valorous a.
Possessing or exhibiting valor; brave; courageous; valiant; intrepid. [Cf. F. valeureux, LL. valorosus.]
resistless a.
Having no power to resist; making no opposition.
viewless a.
Not perceivable by the eye; invisible; unseen.
strife n.
The act of striving; earnest endeavor. [OF. estrif. See Strive.]
career n.
A race course: the ground run over. [F. carrière race course, high road, street, fr. L. carrus wagon. See Car.]
honour n.
Esteem due or paid to worth; high estimation; respect; consideration; reverence; veneration; manifestation of respect or reverence. [OE. honor, honour, onour, onur, OF. honor, onor, honur, onur, honour, onour, F. honneur, fr. L. honor, honos.]
ungrateful a.
Not grateful; not thankful for favors; making no returns, or making ill return for kindness, attention, etc.; ingrateful. South.
sterner n.
A director. Dr. R. Clerke. [See 3d Stern.]
spectre n.
Something preternaturally visible; an apparition; a ghost; a phantom. [F. spectre, fr. L. spectrum an appearance, image, specter, fr. specere to look. See Spy, and cf. Spectrum.]
fasces n.
A bundle of rods, having among them an ax with the blade projecting, borne before the Roman magistrates as a badge of their authority.
filial a.
Of or pertaining to a son or daughter; becoming to a child in relation to his parents; as, filial obedience. [L. filialis, fr. filius son, filia daughter; akin to e. female, feminine. Cf. Fitz.]
forego v. t.
To quit; to relinquish; to leave. [See Forgo.]
dreadful a.
Full of dread or terror; fearful.
bade
A form of the pat tense of Bid.
dauntless a.
Incapable of being daunted; undaunted; bold; fearless; intrepid.
drove n.
A collection of cattle driven, or cattle collected for driving; a number of animals, as oxen, sheep, or swine, driven in a body. [AS. draf, fr. drifan to drive. See Drive.]
heady a.
Willful; rash; precipitate; hurried on by will or passion; ungovernable. [From Head.]
vindictive a.
Disposed to revenge; prompted or characterized by revenge; revengeful. [For vindicative, confused with L. vindicta revenge, punishment, fr. vindicare to vindicate. Cf. Vindicative.]
billowy a.
Of or pertaining to billows; swelling or swollen into large waves; full of billows or surges; resembling billows.
pelorus n.
An instrument similar to a mariner's compass, but without magnetic needles, and having two sight vanes by which bearings are taken, esp. such as cannot be taken by the compass.
punic a.
Of or pertaining to the ancient Carthaginians. [L. Punicus pertaining to Carthage, or its inhabitants, fr. Poeni the Carthaginians.]
patrician a.
Of or pertaining to the Roman patres (fathers) or senators, or patricians. [L. patricius, fr. patres fathers or senators, pl. of pater: cf. F. patricien. See Paternal.]
loftiness n.
The state or quality of being lofty.
waning n.
The act or process of waning, or decreasing.
graced a.
Endowed with grace; beautiful; full of graces; honorable.
pest n.
A fatal epidemic disease; a pestilence; specif., the plague. [L. pestis: cf. F. peste.]
twinkling n.
The act of one who, or of that which, twinkles; a quick movement of the eye; a wink; a twinkle. Holland.
vale n.
A tract of low ground, or of land between hills; a valley. [OE. val, F. val, L. vallis; perhaps akin to Gr. Avalanche, Vail to lower, Valley.]
broke v. i.
To transact business for another. Brome. [See Broker, and cf. Brook.]
ingratitude n.
Want of gratitude; insensibility to, forgetfulness of, or ill return for, kindness or favors received; unthankfulness; ungratefulness. [F. ingratitude, L. ingratitudo. See Ingrate.]
cloudless a.
Without a cloud; clear; bright.
beauteous a.
Full of beauty; beautiful; very handsome. [Mostly poetic] -- Beau"te*ous*ly, adv. --
adrian a.
Pertaining to the Adriatic Sea; as, Adrian billows. [L. Hadrianus.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Part I is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Sonnets, Triumphs and Other Poems, Project Gutenberg ebook #17650, the various hands translation; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Petrarch, Part I, in The Sonnets, Triumphs and Other Poems (1859), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #17650, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/petrarch-sonnets/part-i-4.html, id L15009.

Form and metre

Part I is 183 lines in a single stanza. It is in rhyming couplets, 84% of the lines: heroic couplets. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 91%). 96% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 10.0 syllables. 2 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 25% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in heroic couplets, other poems in iambic pentameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 AABBCCDDEEFFGGHH--IIJJKKLLMMNNOOPPQQRRSSTTUUVVWWXXYYZZaabbccddeeff--gghhiijjkkllmm--nnoopp--qqrrssttuu--vv----wwxx--yyzz--AABBCCDDEEFFGGHHIIJJIIKKLLMMNNOOPPQQRRSSTT--UUVVWWXX-YYZZ--aa spreadA · ledA · lightB · nightB · heartC · departC · armsD · charmsD · advanceE · tranceE · claimF · fameF · nightG · lightG · tellH · shellH · smiled · fill'd · rayI · dayI · inuredJ · assuredJ · seenK · mienK · beforeL · loreL · handM · bandM · dayN · rayN · trueO · drewO · charmsP · armsP · deepQ · steepQ · wayR · arrayR · brightS · lightS · readT · shedT · bentU · ascentU · seenV · queenV · beheldW · repell'dW · nameX · fameX · handY · strandY · beamsZ · streamsZ · behelda · swell'da · renown'db · crown'db · handc · plann'dc · wingd · springd · sedatee · fatee · bayf · delayf · pair · war · strifeg · lifeg · cameh · nameh · boardi · hoardi · ploughj · browj · neark · careerk · pacel · racel · highm · skym · doom · rome · stoodn · bloodn · goo · foregoo · lorep · shorep · inspired · retired · amazedq · gazedq · nighr · eyer · charmss · armss · show'dt · roadt · seau · freeu · wand · sand · confinedv · repinedv · throng · hung · food · blood · standw · spann'dw · mightx · fightx · ire · fire · seeny · greeny · shorez · gorez · mood · withstood · behindA · mindA · mightB · lightB · sonC · wonC · diedD · triedD · farE · starE · nameF · fameF · goreG · woreG · headH · treadH · mightI · fightI · pestJ · distress'dJ · sightI · nightI · valeK · mailK · renown'dL · crown'dL · trainM · vainM · disgraceN · raceN · repell'dO · quell'dO · slewP · dueP · appear'dQ · rear'dQ · formR · stormR · rayS · dayS · mindT · behindT · degrees · peace · lordU · storedU · survey'dV · array'dV · graceW · faceW · throneX · knownX · good · renew'dY · subduedY · aroundZ · crown'dZ · lost · post · claima · famea
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
When cruel Death his paly ensign spread10·/˘··/˘/˘·
Over that face, which oft in triumph led10·······/˘·
My subject thoughts; and beauty's sovereign light,10·/˘··/˘/˘·
Retiring, left the world immersed in night;10˘/˘···˘/··
The Phantom, with a frown that chill'd the heart,10·/˘·······
Seem'd with his gloomy pageant to depart,10···/˘/˘·˘/
Exulting in his formidable arms,10˘/˘··/˘˘˘·
And proud of conquest o'er seraphic charms.10···/˘·····
When, turning round, I saw the Power advance10·/˘····/˘/
That breaks the gloomy grave's eternal trance,10···/˘·˘/˘·
And bids the disembodied spirit claim10···˘˘/˘/˘·
The glorious guerdon of immortal Fame.10·/˘/˘·˘/˘·
Like Phosphor, in the sullen rear of night,10·/···/˘···
Before the golden wheels of orient light11···/˘··/˘··
He came. But who the tendant pomp can tell,10··········
What mighty master of the corded shell10·/˘/˘··/˘·
Can sing how heaven above accordant smiled,10···/··˘/˘·
And what bright pageantry the prospect fill'd.10···/˘˘·/˘·
I look'd, but all in vain: the potent ray10·······/˘·
Flash'd on my sight intolerable day10····˘/˘˘˘·
At first; but to the splendour soon inured,10·····/˘·˘/
My eyes perused the pomp with sight assured.10··˘/····˘/
True dignity in every face was seen,10·/˘˘·/˘···
As on they march'd with more than mortal mien;10·······/˘·
And some I saw whom Love had link'd before,10··········
Ennobled now by Virtue's lofty lore.10˘/˘··/˘/˘·
Caesar and Scipio on the dexter hand10/˘·/˘··/˘·
Of the bright goddess led the laurell'd band.10···/˘·····
One, like a planet by the lord of day,10···/˘·····
Seem'd o'er-illumined by her splendid ray,10··˘/˘··/˘·
By brightness hid; for he, to virtue true,10·/˘····/˘·
His mind from Love's soft bondage nobly drew.10·····/˘/˘·
The other, half a slave to female charms,10·/˘····/··
Parted his homage to the god of arms10/˘·/˘·····
And Love's seductive power: but, close and deep,10··˘/˘/····
Like files that climb'd the Capitolian steep10··········
In years of yore, along the sacred way10····˘/·/˘·
A martial squadron came in long array.10·/˘/˘···˘/
In ranges as they moved distinct and bright,10·/˘···˘/··
On every burganet that met the light,10·/˘/˘˘····
Some name of long renown, distinctly read,10····˘/˘/˘·
O'er each majestic brow a glory shed.10··˘/˘··/˘·
Still on the noble pair my eyes I bent,10···/˘·····
And watch'd their progress up the steep ascent.10···/····˘/
The second Scipio next in line was seen,10·/˘/˘·····
And he that seem'd the lure of Egypt's queen;10·······/˘·
With many a mighty chief I there beheld,10·/·/˘···˘/
Whose valorous hand the battle's storm repell'd.11·/˘˘··/˘·˘/
Two fathers of the great Cornelian name,10·/˘···˘/˘·
With their three noble sons who shared their fame,10···/˘·····
One singly march'd before, and, hand in hand,10·/˘·······
His two heroic partners trod the strand.10··˘/˘/˘···
The last was first in fame; but brighter beams10·······/˘·
His follower flung around in solar streams.10·/˘····/˘·
Metaurus' champion, whom the moon beheld,10···/˘···˘/
When his resistless spears the current swell'd10··˘/˘··/˘·
With Libya's hated gore, in arms renown'd10·/˘/˘···˘/
Was he, nor less with Wisdom's olive crown'd.10·····/˘/˘·
Quick was his thought and ready was his hand,10·····/˘···
His power accomplish'd what his reason plann'd;10·/˘/˘··/˘·
He seem'd, with eagle eye and eagle wing,10···/˘··/˘·
Sudden on his predestined game to spring.10/˘···/˘···
But he that follow'd next with step sedate10···/˘···˘/
Drew round his foe the viewless snare of fate;10·····/˘···
While, with consummate art, he kept at bay10··/˘······
The raging foe, and conquer'd by delay.10·/˘··/˘·˘/
Another Fabius join'd the stoic pair,10˘/˘····/˘·
The Pauli and Marcelli famed in war;10·/˘·˘/˘···
With them the victor in the friendly strife,10···/˘··/˘·
Whose public virtue quench'd his love of life.10·/˘/˘·····
With either Brutus ancient Curius came;10·/˘/˘/˘···
Fabricius, too, I spied, a nobler name10·······/˘·
(With his plain russet gown and simple board)10···/˘··/˘·
Than either Lydian with her golden hoard.11·/˘/˘˘··/˘·
Then came the great dictator from the plough;10····˘/˘···
And old Serranus show'd his laurell'd brow.10··········
Marching with equal step. Camillus near,10/˘·/˘·····
Who, fresh and vigorous in the bright career10···/˘···˘/
Of honour, sped, and never slack'd his pace,10·/˘··/˘···
Till Death o'ertook him in the noble race,10·······/˘·
And placed him in a sphere of fame so high,10··········
That other patriots fill'd a lower sky.10·/˘/˘˘··/·
Even those ungrateful lands that seal'd his doom10/·˘/˘·····
Recall'd the hanish'd man to rescue Rome.10˘/·····/˘·
Torquains nigh, a sterner spectre stood,9····/˘/˘·
His fasces all besmear'd with filial blood:10·/˘····/˘·
He childless to the shades resolved to go,10·/˘···˘/··
Rather than Rome a moment should forego10/˘···/˘·˘/
That dreadful discipline, whose rigid lore10·/˘/˘˘·/˘·
Had spread their triumphs round from shore to shore.10···/˘·····
Then the two Decii came, by Heaven inspired,11·······/˘/˘
Divinely bold, as when the foe retired10˘/˘·····˘/
Before their Heaven-directed march, amazed,10···/˘/˘·˘/
When on the self-devoted men they gazed,10····˘/˘···
Till they provoked their fate. And Curtius nigh,10··˘/······
As when to heaven he cast his upward eye,10···/···/˘·
And all on fire with glory's opening charms,10···/·/˘/˘·
Plunged to the Shades below with clanging arms,10·······/˘·
Laevinus, Mummius, with Flaminius show'd,10··········
Like meaner lights along the heavenly road;10·/˘·˘/·/˘·
And he who conquer'd Greece from sea to sea,10···/˘·····
Then mildly bade th' afflicted race be free.10·/˘·˘/˘···
Next came the dauntless envoy, with his wand,10···/˘/˘···
Whose more than magic circle on the sand10···/˘/˘···
The frenzy of the Syrian king confined:10·/˘··/˘·˘/
O'er-awed he stood, and at his fate repined.10··········
Great Manlius, too, who drove the hostile throng10·······/˘·
Prone from the steep on which his members hung,10·······/˘·
(A sad reverse) the hungry vultures' food,10··˘/·/˘/˘·
When Roman justice claim'd his forfeit blood.10·/˘/˘··/˘·
Then Cocles came, who took his dreadful stand9······/˘·
Where the wide arch the foaming torrent spann'd,10·····/˘/˘·
Stemming the tide of war with matchless might,10/˘·····/˘·
And turn'd the heady current of the fight.10···/˘/˘···
And he that, stung with fierce vindictive ire,10······˘/˘·
Consumed his erring hand with hostile fire.11˘/·/˘··/˘/˘
Duillius next and Catulus were seen,9·········
Whose daring navies plough'd the billowy green11·/˘/˘··/˘˘·
That laves Pelorus and the Sardian shore,10··˘/˘·····
And dyed the rolling waves with Punic gore.10···/˘··/˘·
Great Appius next advanced in sterner mood,10····˘/·/˘·
Who with patrician loftiness withstood10··˘/˘/˘˘˘/
The clamours of the crowd. But, close behind,10·/˘·······
Of gentler manners and more equal mind,10·/˘/˘··/˘·
Came one, perhaps the first in martial might,10··˘/···/˘·
Yet his dim glory cast a waning light;10···/˘··/˘·
But neither Bacchus, nor Alcmena's son10·/˘/˘·····
Such trophies yet by east or west have won;10·/˘·······
Nor he that in the arms of conquest died,10·······/˘·
As he, when Rome's stern foes his valour tried10·······/˘·
Yet he survived his fame. But luckier far10··˘/···/˘·
Was one that follow'd next, whose golden star10···/˘··/˘·
To better fortune led, and mark'd his name10·/˘/˘·····
Among the first in deeds of martial fame:10·······/˘·
But cruel was his rage, and dipp'd in gore10·/˘·······
By civil slaughter was the wreath he wore.10·/˘/˘·····
A less-ensanguined laurel graced the head10·····/˘···
Of him that next advanced with lofty tread,10····˘/·/˘·
In martial conduct and in active might10·/˘/˘··/˘·
Of equal honour in the fields of fight.10·/˘/˘·····
Then great Volumnius, who expell'd the pest10······˘/··
Whose spreading ills the Romans long distress'd.10·/˘··/˘·˘/
Rutilius Cassus, Philo next in sight10·····/˘···
Appear'd, like twinkling stars that gild the night.10˘/·/˘·····
Three men I saw advancing up the vale,10····˘/˘···
Mangled with ghastly wounds through plate and mail;10/˘·/˘·····
Dentatus, long in standing fight renown'd,10·····/˘·˘/
Sergius and Scaeva oft with conquest crown'd;10/˘·····/˘·
The triple terror of the hostile train,10·/˘/˘··/˘·
On whom the storm of battle broke in vain.10·····/˘···
Another Sergius near with deep disgrace10˘/˘/˘···˘/
Marr'd the long glories of his ancient race,10···/˘··/˘·
Marius, then, the Cimbrians who repell'd10/˘˘·····˘/
From fearful Rome, and Lybia's tyrant quell'd.10·/˘····/˘·
And Fulvius, who Campania's traitors slew,10·······/˘·
And paid ingratitude with vengeance due.10··˘/˘˘·/˘·
Another nobler Fulvius next appear'd;10˘/˘/˘···˘/
And there the Father of the Gracchi rear'd10···/˘·····
A solitary crest. The following form10·/˘·˘··/˘·
Was he that often raised the factious storm--10···/˘··/˘·
Bold Catulus, and he whom fortune's ray10·······/˘·
Illumined still with beams of cloudless day;10˘/˘····/˘·
Yet fail'd to chase the darkness of the mind,10·····/˘···
That brooded still on loftier hopes behind.10·/˘··/˘···
From him a nobler line in two degrees10···/˘···˘/
Reduced Numidia to reluctant peace.10˘/˘/˘·˘/˘·
Crete, Spain, and Macedonia's conquer'd lord10····˘/˘/˘·
Adorn'd their triumphs and their treasures stored.10˘/·/˘··/˘·
Vespasian, with his son, I next survey'd,10········˘/
An angel soul in angel form array'd;10·/˘··/˘·˘/
Nor less his brother seem'd in outward grace,10···/˘··/˘·
But hell within belied a beauteous face.11····˘/·/˘˘·
Then Nerva, who retrieved the falling throne,10····˘/·/˘·
And Trajan, by his conquering eagles known.10·/˘··/˘/˘·
Adrian, and Antonine the just and good,10/˘········
He, with his son, the golden age renew'd;10·····/˘·˘/
And ere they ruled the world, themselves subdued.10······˘/˘/
Then, as I turn'd my roving eyes around,10·····/˘···
Quirinus I beheld with laurel crown'd,10····˘/·/˘·
And five succeeding kings. The sixth was lost,10··˘/˘·····
By vice degraded from his regal post;10··˘/˘··/˘·
A sentence just, whatever pride may claim,10·/˘··/˘···
For virtue only finds eternal Fame.10·/˘/˘·˘/˘·

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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