Canzone XX
As pass'd the years which I have left behind,To pass my future years I fondly thought,Amid old studies, with desires the same;But, from my lady since I fail to findThe accustom'd aid, the work himself has wroughtLet Love regard my tempter who became;Yet scarce I feel the shameThat, at my age, he makes me thus a thiefOf that bewitching lightFor which my life is steep'd in cureless grief;In youth I better mightHave ta'en the part which now I needs must take,For less dishonour boyish errors make.
Those sweet eyes whence alone my life had healthWere ever of their high and heavenly charmsSo kind to me when first my thrall begun,That, as a man whom not his proper wealth,But some extern yet secret succour arms,I lived, with them at ease, offending none:Me now their glances shunAs one injurious and importunate,Who, poor and hungry, didMyself the very act, in better stateWhich I, in others, chid.From mercy thus if envy bar me, beMy amorous thirst and helplessness my plea.
In divers ways how often have I triedIf, reft of these, aught mortal could retainE'en for a single day in life my frame:But, ah! my soul, which has no rest beside,Speeds back to those angelic lights again;And I, though but of wax, turn to their flame,Planting my mind's best aimWhere less the watch o'er what I love is sure:As birds i' th' wild wood green,Where less they fear, will sooner take the lure,So on her lovely mien,Now one and now another look I turn,Wherewith at once I nourish me and burn.
Strange sustenance! upon my death I feed,And live in flames, a salamander rare!And yet no marvel, as from love it flows.A blithe lamb 'mid the harass'd fleecy breed.Whilom I lay, whom now to worst despairFortune and Love, as is their wont, expose.Winter with cold and snows,With violets and roses spring is rife,And thus if I obtainSome few poor aliments of else weak life,Who can of theft complain?So rich a fair should be content with this,Though others live on hers, if nought she miss.
Who knows not what I am and still have been,From the first day I saw those beauteous eyes,Which alter'd of my life the natural mood?Traverse all lands, explore each sea between,Who can acquire all human qualities?There some on odours live by Ind's vast flood;Here light and fire are foodMy frail and famish'd spirit to appease!Love! more or nought bestow;With lordly state low thrift but ill agrees;Thou hast thy darts and bow,Take with thy hands my not unwilling breath,Life were well closed with honourable death.
Pent flames are strongest, and, if left to swell,Not long by any means can rest unknown,This own I, Love, and at your hands was taught.When I thus silent burn'd, you knew it well;Now e'en to me my cries are weary grown,Annoy to far and near so long that wrought.O false world! O vain thought!O my hard fate! where now to follow thee?Ah! from what meteor lightSprung in my heart the constant hope which she,Who, armour'd with your might,Drags me to death, binds o'er it as a chain?Yours is the fault, though mine the loss and pain.
Thus bear I of true love the pains along,Asking forgiveness of another's debt,And for mine own; whose eyes should rather shunThat too great light, and to the siren's songMy ears be closed: though scarce can I regretThat so sweet poison should my heart o'errun.Yet would that all were done,That who the first wound gave my last would deal;For, if I right divine,It were best mercy soon my fate to seal;Since not a chance is mineThat he may treat me better than before,'Tis well to die if death shut sorrow's door.
My song! with fearless feetThe field I keep, for death in flight were shame.Myself I needs must blameFor these laments; tears, sighs, and death to meet,Such fate for her is sweet.Own, slave of Love, whose eyes these rhymes may catch,Earth has no good that with my grief can match.
Words in this poem 23
- fondly adv.
- Foolishly. Verstegan (1673).
- amid prep.
- In the midst or middle of; surrounded or encompassed by; among. [OE. amidde, amiddes, on midden, AS. on middan, in the middle, fr. midde the middle. The s is an adverbial ending, originally marking the genitive; the t is a la]
- tempter n.
- One who tempts or entices; especially, Satan, or the Devil, regarded as the great enticer to evil.
- scarce a.
- Not plentiful or abundant; in small quantity in proportion to the demand; not easily to be procured; rare; uncommon. [OE. scars, OF. escars, eschars, LL. scarpsus, for L. excerptus, p. p. of excerpere to pick out, and hence to contract, to shorten; ex (see Ex-) + carpere. See C]
- cureless a.
- Incapable of cure; incurable.
- needs adv.
- Of necessity; necessarily; indispensably; -- often with must, and equivalent to of need. [Orig. gen. of need, used as an adverb. Cf. - wards.]
- dishonour n.
- Lack of honor; disgrace; ignominy; shame; reproach. [OE. deshonour, dishonour, OF. deshonor, deshonur, F. déshonneur; pref. des- (L. dis-) + honor, honur, F. honneur, fr. L. honor. See Honor.]
- boyish a.
- Resembling a boy in a manners or opinions; belonging to a boy; childish; trifling; puerile.
- wealth n.
- Weal; welfare; prosperity; good. [OE. welthe, from wele; cf. D. weelde luxury. See Weal prosperity.]
- extern a.
- External; outward; not inherent. [Cf. F. externe. See External.]
- succour v. t.
- tiono run to, or run to support; hence, to help or relieve when in difficulty, want, or distress; to assist and deliver from suffering; to relieve; as, to succor a besieged city. [OE. socouren, OF. sucurre, soucourre, secorre, F. secourir, L. succurrere, succursum, to run under, run to the aid of, help, succor; sub under + currere to run.]
- divers a.
- Different in kind or species; diverse. [F. divers, L. diversus turned in different directions, different, p. p. of divertere. See Divert, and cf. Diverse.]
- reft n.
- A chink; a rift. See Rift. Rom. of R.
- aught n.
- Property; possession. [AS. , fr. agan to own, p. p. ahte.]
- wherewith adv.
- With which; -- used relatively.
- blithe a.
- Gay; merry; sprightly; joyous; glad; cheerful; as, a blithe spirit. [AS. bli blithe, kind; akin to Goth. blei kind, Icel. bli mild, gentle, Dan. & Sw. blid gentle, D. blijd blithe, OHG. blidi kind, blithe.]
- fleecy a.
- Covered with, made of, or resembling, a fleece.
- whilom adv.
- Formerly; once; of old; erewhile; at times. [AS. hwilum, properly, at times, dative pl. of hwil; akin to G. weiland formerly, OHG. hwilm, See While, n.]
- rife a.
- Prevailing; prevalent; abounding. [AS. rif abundant, or Icel. rifr munificent; akin to OD. riff, rijve, abundant.]
- beauteous a.
- Full of beauty; beautiful; very handsome. [Mostly poetic] -- Beau"te*ous*ly, adv. --
- explore v. t.
- To seek for or after; to strive to attain by search; to look wisely and carefully for. [L. explorare to explore; ex out+plorare to cry out aloud,prob. orig., to cause to flow; perh. akin to E. flow: cf. F. explorer.]
- hast
- , 2d pers. sing. pres. of. Fave, contr. of havest.
- pent p. p.
- Penned or shut up; confined; -- often with up. [From Pen, v. t.]
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
Canzone XX is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Sonnets, Triumphs and Other Poems, Project Gutenberg ebook #17650, the various hands translation; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: Petrarch, Canzone XX, in The Sonnets, Triumphs and Other Poems (1859), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #17650, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/petrarch-sonnets/canzone-xx.html, id L14756.
Form and metre
Canzone XX is 98 lines in 8 stanzas. The rhyme scheme is ABCABCCDEDEFF, complete in 5 of its 8 stanzas. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 88%). 95% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 9.1 syllables. 2 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 26% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.
See other poems in iambic pentameter.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Rhyme words, stanza by stanza
The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.
- 1 ABCABCCDEDEFF behindA · thoughtB · sameC · findA · wroughtB · becameC · shameC · thiefD · lightE · griefD · mightE · takeF · makeF
- 2 ABCABCC----DD healthA · charmsB · begunC · wealthA · armsB · noneC · shunC · importunate · did · state · chid · beD · pleaD
- 3 ABCABCCDEDEFF triedA · retainB · frameC · besideA · againB · flameC · aimC · sureD · greenE · lureD · mienE · turnF · burnF
- 4 ABCABCCDEDEFF feedA · rareB · flowsC · breedA · despairB · exposeC · snowsC · rifeD · obtainE · lifeD · complainE · thisF · missF
- 5 -AB-A-BCDCDEE been · eyesA · moodB · between · qualitiesA · flood · foodB · appeaseC · bestowD · agreesC · bowD · breathE · deathE
- 6 ABCABCCDEDEFF swellA · unknownB · taughtC · wellA · grownB · wroughtC · thoughtC · theeD · lightE · sheD · mightE · chainF · painF
- 7 ABCABCCDEDEFF alongA · debtB · shunC · songA · regretB · o'errunC · doneC · dealD · divineE · sealD · mineE · beforeF · doorF
- 8 ABBAACC feetA · shameB · blameB · meetA · sweetA · catchC · matchC
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| As pass'd the years which I have left behind, | 10 | ·········· |
| To pass my future years I fondly thought, | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| Amid old studies, with desires the same; | 10 | ˘/·/˘·˘/·· |
| But, from my lady since I fail to find | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| The accustom'd aid, the work himself has wrought | 11 | ·˘/˘···˘/·· |
| Let Love regard my tempter who became; | 10 | ··˘/·/˘·˘/ |
| Yet scarce I feel the shame | 6 | ······ |
| That, at my age, he makes me thus a thief | 10 | ·········· |
| Of that bewitching light | 6 | ··˘/˘· |
| For which my life is steep'd in cureless grief; | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| In youth I better might | 6 | ···/˘· |
| Have ta'en the part which now I needs must take, | 10 | ·········· |
| For less dishonour boyish errors make. | 10 | ··˘/˘/˘/˘· |
| Those sweet eyes whence alone my life had health | 10 | ····˘/···· |
| Were ever of their high and heavenly charms | 10 | ·/····/˘˘· |
| So kind to me when first my thrall begun, | 10 | ········˘/ |
| That, as a man whom not his proper wealth, | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| But some extern yet secret succour arms, | 10 | ··˘/·/˘/˘· |
| I lived, with them at ease, offending none: | 10 | ······˘/˘· |
| Me now their glances shun | 6 | ···/˘· |
| As one injurious and importunate, | 11 | ··˘/˘˘·˘/˘˘ |
| Who, poor and hungry, did | 6 | ···/˘· |
| Myself the very act, in better state | 10 | ·/·/˘··/˘· |
| Which I, in others, chid. | 6 | ···/˘· |
| From mercy thus if envy bar me, be | 10 | ·/˘··/˘··· |
| My amorous thirst and helplessness my plea. | 10 | ·/˘··/˘˘·· |
| In divers ways how often have I tried | 10 | ·/˘··/˘··· |
| If, reft of these, aught mortal could retain | 10 | ·····/˘·˘/ |
| E'en for a single day in life my frame: | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| But, ah! my soul, which has no rest beside, | 10 | ········˘/ |
| Speeds back to those angelic lights again; | 10 | ·····/˘·˘/ |
| And I, though but of wax, turn to their flame, | 10 | ·········· |
| Planting my mind's best aim | 6 | /˘···· |
| Where less the watch o'er what I love is sure: | 10 | ·········· |
| As birds i' th' wild wood green, | 6 | ······ |
| Where less they fear, will sooner take the lure, | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| So on her lovely mien, | 6 | ···/˘· |
| Now one and now another look I turn, | 10 | ····˘/˘··· |
| Wherewith at once I nourish me and burn. | 10 | ˘/···/˘··· |
| Strange sustenance! upon my death I feed, | 10 | ·/˘˘······ |
| And live in flames, a salamander rare! | 10 | ······˘/˘· |
| And yet no marvel, as from love it flows. | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| A blithe lamb 'mid the harass'd fleecy breed. | 10 | ·····˘//˘· |
| Whilom I lay, whom now to worst despair | 10 | /˘······˘/ |
| Fortune and Love, as is their wont, expose. | 10 | /˘······˘/ |
| Winter with cold and snows, | 6 | /˘···· |
| With violets and roses spring is rife, | 10 | ·/˘˘·/˘··· |
| And thus if I obtain | 6 | ····˘/ |
| Some few poor aliments of else weak life, | 10 | ·········· |
| Who can of theft complain? | 6 | ····˘/ |
| So rich a fair should be content with this, | 10 | ······/˘·· |
| Though others live on hers, if nought she miss. | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| Who knows not what I am and still have been, | 10 | ·········· |
| From the first day I saw those beauteous eyes, | 11 | ·······/˘˘· |
| Which alter'd of my life the natural mood? | 10 | ·/˘····/˘· |
| Traverse all lands, explore each sea between, | 10 | ˘/··˘/···· |
| Who can acquire all human qualities? | 11 | ··˘/˘·/˘/˘˘ |
| There some on odours live by Ind's vast flood; | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Here light and fire are food | 7 | ···/˘·· |
| My frail and famish'd spirit to appease! | 10 | ·····/˘·˘/ |
| Love! more or nought bestow; | 6 | ····˘/ |
| With lordly state low thrift but ill agrees; | 10 | ·/˘·····˘/ |
| Thou hast thy darts and bow, | 6 | ······ |
| Take with thy hands my not unwilling breath, | 10 | ······˘/˘· |
| Life were well closed with honourable death. | 10 | ·········· |
| Pent flames are strongest, and, if left to swell, | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Not long by any means can rest unknown, | 10 | ···/˘···˘/ |
| This own I, Love, and at your hands was taught. | 10 | ·········· |
| When I thus silent burn'd, you knew it well; | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Now e'en to me my cries are weary grown, | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Annoy to far and near so long that wrought. | 10 | ˘/········ |
| O false world! O vain thought! | 6 | ······ |
| O my hard fate! where now to follow thee? | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Ah! from what meteor light | 7 | ···/˘˘· |
| Sprung in my heart the constant hope which she, | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| Who, armour'd with your might, | 6 | ······ |
| Drags me to death, binds o'er it as a chain? | 10 | ·········· |
| Yours is the fault, though mine the loss and pain. | 10 | ·········· |
| Thus bear I of true love the pains along, | 10 | ········˘/ |
| Asking forgiveness of another's debt, | 10 | /˘˘/˘·˘/˘· |
| And for mine own; whose eyes should rather shun | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| That too great light, and to the siren's song | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| My ears be closed: though scarce can I regret | 10 | ········˘/ |
| That so sweet poison should my heart o'errun. | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Yet would that all were done, | 6 | ······ |
| That who the first wound gave my last would deal; | 10 | ·········· |
| For, if I right divine, | 6 | ····˘/ |
| It were best mercy soon my fate to seal; | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Since not a chance is mine | 6 | ······ |
| That he may treat me better than before, | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| 'Tis well to die if death shut sorrow's door. | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| My song! with fearless feet | 6 | ···/˘· |
| The field I keep, for death in flight were shame. | 10 | ·········· |
| Myself I needs must blame | 6 | ·/···· |
| For these laments; tears, sighs, and death to meet, | 10 | ··˘/······ |
| Such fate for her is sweet. | 6 | ······ |
| Own, slave of Love, whose eyes these rhymes may catch, | 10 | ·········· |
| Earth has no good that with my grief can match. | 10 | ·········· |
The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.