Robin Hood and the Curtal Friar

Arthur Quiller-Couch (1863–1944) · before 1800

common measure · 168 lines · from The Oxford Book of Ballads

But how many months be in the year?There are thirteen, I say;The midsummer moon is the merryest of allNext to the merry month of May.

In summer time, when leaves grow green,And flowers are fresh and gay,Robin Hood and his merry menWere all disposed to play.

Then some would leap, and some would run,And some use artillery:‘Which of you can a good bow draw,A good archer to be?

‘Which of you can kill a buck?Or who can kill a doe?Or who can kill a hart of grease,Five hundred foot him fro?’

Will Scadlock he kill’d a buck,And Midge he kill’d a doe,And Little John kill’d a hart of grease,Five hundred foot him fro.

‘God’s blessing on thy heart,’ said Robin Hood,‘That hath [shot] such a shot for me;I would ride my horse an hundred miles,To finde one could match with thee’

That caus’d Will Scadlock to laugh,He laugh’d full heartily:‘There lives a curtal friar in Fountains AbbeyWill beat both him and thee.

‘That curtal friar in Fountains AbbeyWell can a strong bow draw;He will beat you and your yeomen,Set them all on a row.’

Robin Hood took a solemn oath,It was by Mary free,That he would neither eat nor drinkTill the friar he did see.

Robin Hood put on his harness good,And on his head a cap of steel,Broad sword and buckler by his side,And they became him weel.

He took his bow into his hand,It was made of a trusty tree,With a sheaf of arrows at his belt,To the Fountains Dale went he.

And coming unto Fountains Dale,No further would he ride;There was he aware of a curtal friar,Walking by the water-side.

The friar had on a harness good,And on his head a cap of steel,Broad sword and buckler by his side,And they became him weel.

Robin Hood lighted off his horse,And tied him to a thorn:‘Carry me over the water, thou curtal friar,Or else thy life’s forlorn.’

The friar took Robin Hood on his back,Deep water he did bestride,And spake neither good word nor bad,Till he came at the other side.

Lightly leapt Robin Hood off the friar’s back;The friar said to him again,‘Carry me over this water, fine fellow,Or it shall breed thy pain.’

Robin Hood took the friar on ’s back,Deep water he did bestride,And spake neither good word nor bad,Till he came at the other side.

Lightly leapt the friar off Robin Hood’s back;Robin Hood said to him again,‘Carry me over this water, thou curtal friar,Or it shall breed thy pain.’

The friar took Robin Hood on’s back again,And stept up to the knee;Till he came at the middle stream,Neither good nor bad spake he.

And coming to the middle stream,There he threw Robin in:‘And chuse thee, chuse thee, fine fellow,Whether thou wilt sink or swim!’

Robin Hood swam to a bush of broom,The friar to a wicker wand;Bold Robin Hood is gone to shore,And took his bow in hand.

One of his best arrows under his beltTo the friar he let flye;The curtal friar, with his steel buckler,He put that arrow by.

‘Shoot on, shoot on, thou fine fellòw,Shoot on as thou hast begun;If thou shoot here a summer’s day,Thy mark I will not shun.’

Robin Hood shot passing well,Till his arrows all were gone;They took their swords and steel bucklers,And fought with might and maine;

From ten o’ th’ clock that day,Till four i’ th’ afternoon;Then Robin Hood came to his knees,Of the friar to beg a boon.

‘A boon, a boon, thou curtal friar!I beg it on my knee;Give me leave to set my horn to my mouth,And to blow blasts three.’

‘That will I do,’ said the curtal friar!‘Of thy blasts I have no doubt;I hope thou’lt blow so passing wellTill both thy eyes fall out.’

Robin Hood set his horn to his mouthHe blew but blasts three;Half a hundred yeomen, with bows bent,Came raking over the lee.

‘Whose men are these,’ said the friar,‘That come so hastily?’‘These men are mine,’ said Robin Hood‘Friar, what is that to thee?’

‘A boon, a boon,’ said the curtal friar,‘The like I gave to thee!Give me leave to set my fist to my mouth,And to whute whutès three.’

‘That will I do,’ said Robin Hood,‘Or else I were to blame;Three whutès in a friar’s fistWould make me glad and fain.’

The friar he set his fist to his mouth,And whuted whutès three;Half a hundred good ban-dogsCame running the friar unto.

‘Here’s for every man of thine a dog,And I my self for thee!’--‘Nay, by my faith,’ quoth Robin Hood,‘Friar, that may not be.’

Two dogs at once to Robin Hood did go,T’ one behind, the other before;Robin Hood’s mantle of Lincoln greenOff from his back they tore.

And whether his men shot east or west,Or they shot north or south,The curtal dogs, so taught they were,They kept their arrows in their mouth.

‘Take up thy dogs,’ said Little John,‘Friar, at my bidding be.’--‘Whose man art thou,’ said the curtal friar,‘Comes here to prate with me?’--

‘I am Little John, Robin Hood’s man,Friar, I will not lie;If thou take not up thy dogs soon,I’le take up them and thee.’

Little John had a bow in his hand,He shot with might and main;Soon half a score of the friar’s dogsLay dead upon the plain.

‘Hold thy hand, good fellow,’ said the curtal friar,‘Thy master and I will agree;And we will have new orders taken,With all the haste that may be.’

‘If thou wilt forsake fair Fountains Dale,And Fountains Abbey free,Every Sunday throughout the year,A noble shall be thy fee.

‘And every holy day throughout the year,Changed shall thy garment be,If thou wilt go to fair Nottingham,And there remain with me.’

This curtal friar had kept Fountains DaleSeven long years or more;There was neither knight, lord, nor earlCould make him yield before.

Words in this poem 16
midsummer n.
The middle of summer. Shak. Midsummer daisy (Bot.), the oxeye daisy. [AS. midsumor.]
artillery n.
Munitions of war; implements for warfare, as slings, bows, and arrows. [OE. artilrie, OF. artillerie, arteillerie, fr. LL. artillaria, artilleria, machines and apparatus of all kinds used in war, vans laden with arms of any kind whi]
midge n.
Any one of many small, delicate, long-legged flies of the Chironomus, and allied genera, which do not bite. Their larvæ are usually aquatic.
curtal n.
A horse with a docked tail; hence, anything cut short.
weel
A kind of trap or snare for fish, made of twigs. Carew. [Prov. E. weel, weal, a wicker basket to catch eels; prob. akin to willow, and so called as made of willow twigs.]
went n.
Course; way; path; journey; direction.
forlorn a.
Deserted abandoned; lost. [OE., p.p. of forlesen to lose utterly, AS. forleósan (p.p. forloren); pref. for- + leósan (in comp.) to lose; cf. D. verliezen to lose, G. verlieren, Sw. förlor]
bestride v. t.
To stand or sit with anything between the legs, or with the legs astride; to stand over That horse that thou so often hast bestrid. [AS. bestridan; pref. be- + stridan to stride.]
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
hast
, 2d pers. sing. pres. of. Fave, contr. of havest.
afternoon n.
The part of the day which follows noon, between noon and evening.
boon n.
A prayer or petition. [OE. bone, boin, a petition, fr. Icel. b; akin to Sw. & Dan. b, AS. b, and perh. to E. ban; but influenced by F. bon good, fr. L. bonus. Ban, Bounty.]
raking n.
The act or process of using a rake; the going over a space with a rake.
fain v. t.
To be glad ; to wish or desire.
quoth v. t.
Said; spoke; uttered; -- used only in the first and third persons in the past tenses, and always followed by its nominative, the word or words said being the object; as, quoth I. quoth he. [AS.cweedhan, imp cwæedh, pl. cwædon; akin to OS. queedhan, OHG. quethan, quedan, Icel. kveedha, Goth. qiþan. sq. root22. Cf. Bequeath.]
tore n.
The dead grass that remains on mowing land in winter and spring. Mortimer. [Probably from the root of tear; cf. W. tór a break, cut, tóri to break, cut.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Robin Hood and the Curtal Friar is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Oxford Book of Ballads, Project Gutenberg ebook #44593; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Arthur Quiller-Couch, Robin Hood and the Curtal Friar, in The Oxford Book of Ballads (before 1800), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #44593, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/oxford-ballads/robin-hood-and-the-curtal-friar.html, id L08466.

Form and metre

Robin Hood and the Curtal Friar is 168 lines in 42 stanzas of 4 lines each. The metre is common measure, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 82%). 94% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 7.6 syllables. 12 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 9% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in common measure.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 -A-A year · sayA · all · mayA
  2. 2 -A-A green · gayA · men · playA
  3. 4 -A-A buck · doeA · grease · froA
  4. 5 -A-A buck · doeA · grease · froA
  5. 6 -A-A hood · meA · miles · theeA
  6. 9 -A-A oath · freeA · drink · seeA
  7. 10 -A-A good · steelA · side · weelA
  8. 11 -A-A hand · treeA · belt · heA
  9. 12 -A-A dale · rideA · friar · sideA
  10. 13 -A-A good · steelA · side · weelA
  11. 14 -A-A horse · thornA · friar · forlornA
  12. 15 -A-A back · bestrideA · bad · sideA
  13. 16 -A-A back · againA · fellow · painA
  14. 17 -A-A back · bestrideA · bad · sideA
  15. 18 -A-A back · againA · friar · painA
  16. 19 -A-A again · kneeA · stream · heA
  17. 22 -A-A belt · flyeA · buckler · byA
  18. 23 -A-A fellòw · begunA · day · shunA
  19. 25 -A-A day · afternoonA · knees · boonA
  20. 26 -A-A friar · kneeA · mouth · threeA
  21. 27 -A-A friar · doubtA · well · outA
  22. 28 -A-A mouth · threeA · bent · leeA
  23. 30 -A-A friar · theeA · mouth · threeA
  24. 33 -A-A dog · theeA · hood · beA
  25. 34 -A-A go · beforeA · green · toreA
  26. 35 -A-A west · southA · were · mouthA
  27. 36 -A-A john · beA · friar · meA
  28. 37 -A-A man · lieA · soon · theeA
  29. 38 -A-A hand · mainA · dogs · plainA
  30. 39 -A-A friar · agreeA · taken · beA
  31. 40 -A-A dale · freeA · year · feeA
  32. 41 -A-A year · beA · nottingham · meA
  33. 42 -A-A dale · moreA · earl · beforeA
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against common measure. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
But how many months be in the year?8··/·····
There are thirteen, I say;6··//··
The midsummer moon is the merryest of all11·//˘···/˘··
Next to the merry month of May.8···/˘···
In summer time, when leaves grow green,8·/˘·····
And flowers are fresh and gay,7·/˘····
Robin Hood and his merry men8/˘···/˘·
Were all disposed to play.7··˘/˘··
Then some would leap, and some would run,8········
And some use artillery:7···˘/˘˘
‘Which of you can a good bow draw,8········
A good archer to be?6··/˘··
‘Which of you can kill a buck?7·······
Or who can kill a doe?6······
Or who can kill a hart of grease,8········
Five hundred foot him fro?’7·/˘˘···
Will Scadlock he kill’d a buck,7·······
And Midge he kill’d a doe,6······
And Little John kill’d a hart of grease,9·/˘······
Five hundred foot him fro.7·/˘˘···
‘God’s blessing on thy heart,’ said Robin Hood,10·/˘····/˘·
‘That hath [shot] such a shot for me;8········
I would ride my horse an hundred miles,9······/˘·
To finde one could match with thee’7·······
That caus’d Will Scadlock to laugh,7·······
He laugh’d full heartily:6···/˘˘
‘There lives a curtal friar in Fountains Abbey11···/˘/·/˘/˘
Will beat both him and thee.6······
‘That curtal friar in Fountains Abbey9·/˘/·/˘/˘
Well can a strong bow draw;6······
He will beat you and your yeomen,8········
Set them all on a row.’6······
Robin Hood took a solemn oath,8/˘···/˘·
It was by Mary free,6···/˘·
That he would neither eat nor drink8···/˘···
Till the friar he did see.7··/˘···
Robin Hood put on his harness good,9/˘····/˘·
And on his head a cap of steel,8········
Broad sword and buckler by his side,8···/˘···
And they became him weel.6··˘/··
He took his bow into his hand,8········
It was made of a trusty tree,8·····/˘·
With a sheaf of arrows at his belt,9····/˘···
To the Fountains Dale went he.7··/˘···
And coming unto Fountains Dale,8·/˘··/˘·
No further would he ride;6·/˘···
There was he aware of a curtal friar,10···˘/··/˘/
Walking by the water-side.7/˘··/˘·
The friar had on a harness good,8·/···/˘·
And on his head a cap of steel,8········
Broad sword and buckler by his side,8···/˘···
And they became him weel.6··˘/··
Robin Hood lighted off his horse,8/˘·/˘···
And tied him to a thorn:6······
‘Carry me over the water, thou curtal friar,11/˘···/˘·/˘/
Or else thy life’s forlorn.’6····˘/
The friar took Robin Hood on his back,9·/·/˘····
Deep water he did bestride,7·/˘··˘/
And spake neither good word nor bad,8··/˘····
Till he came at the other side.8·····/˘·
Lightly leapt Robin Hood off the friar’s back;10/˘·/˘···/·
The friar said to him again,8·/˘···˘/
‘Carry me over this water, fine fellow,10/˘···/˘·/˘
Or it shall breed thy pain.’6······
Robin Hood took the friar on ’s back,9/˘···/···
Deep water he did bestride,7·/˘··˘/
And spake neither good word nor bad,8··/˘····
Till he came at the other side.8·····/˘·
Lightly leapt the friar off Robin Hood’s back;10/˘··/·/˘··
Robin Hood said to him again,8/˘····˘/
‘Carry me over this water, thou curtal friar,11/˘···/˘·/˘/
Or it shall breed thy pain.’6······
The friar took Robin Hood on’s back again,10·/·/˘···˘/
And stept up to the knee;6······
Till he came at the middle stream,8·····/˘·
Neither good nor bad spake he.7/˘·····
And coming to the middle stream,8·/˘··/˘·
There he threw Robin in:6···/˘·
‘And chuse thee, chuse thee, fine fellow,8······/˘
Whether thou wilt sink or swim!’7·······
Robin Hood swam to a bush of broom,9/˘·······
The friar to a wicker wand;8·/˘··/˘·
Bold Robin Hood is gone to shore,8·/˘·····
And took his bow in hand.6······
One of his best arrows under his belt10····/˘····
To the friar he let flye;7··/˘···
The curtal friar, with his steel buckler,9·/˘/···/˘
He put that arrow by.6···/˘·
‘Shoot on, shoot on, thou fine fellòw,8········
Shoot on as thou hast begun;7·····˘/
If thou shoot here a summer’s day,8·····/˘·
Thy mark I will not shun.’6······
Robin Hood shot passing well,7/˘··/˘·
Till his arrows all were gone;7··/˘···
They took their swords and steel bucklers,9······/˘˘
And fought with might and maine;6······
From ten o’ th’ clock that day,6······
Till four i’ th’ afternoon;6····˘/
Then Robin Hood came to his knees,8·/˘·····
Of the friar to beg a boon.8··/˘····
‘A boon, a boon, thou curtal friar!9·····/˘/˘
I beg it on my knee;6······
Give me leave to set my horn to my mouth,10··········
And to blow blasts three.’5·····
‘That will I do,’ said the curtal friar!9······/˘/
‘Of thy blasts I have no doubt;7·······
I hope thou’lt blow so passing well8·····/˘·
Till both thy eyes fall out.’6······
Robin Hood set his horn to his mouth9/˘·······
He blew but blasts three;5·····
Half a hundred yeomen, with bows bent,9··/˘·····
Came raking over the lee.7·/˘····
‘Whose men are these,’ said the friar,8······/˘
‘That come so hastily?’6···/˘˘
‘These men are mine,’ said Robin Hood8·····/˘·
‘Friar, what is that to thee?’7/˘·····
‘A boon, a boon,’ said the curtal friar,9······/˘/
‘The like I gave to thee!6······
Give me leave to set my fist to my mouth,10··········
And to whute whutès three.’5·····
‘That will I do,’ said Robin Hood,8·····/˘·
‘Or else I were to blame;6······
Three whutès in a friar’s fist7····/˘·
Would make me glad and fain.’6······
The friar he set his fist to his mouth,9·/·······
And whuted whutès three;5·····
Half a hundred good ban-dogs8··/˘˘···
Came running the friar unto.8·/˘·/˘··
‘Here’s for every man of thine a dog,9··/˘·····
And I my self for thee!’--6······
‘Nay, by my faith,’ quoth Robin Hood,8·····/˘·
‘Friar, that may not be.’6/˘····
Two dogs at once to Robin Hood did go,10·····/˘···
T’ one behind, the other before;9·····/˘··
Robin Hood’s mantle of Lincoln green9/˘·/˘·/˘·
Off from his back they tore.6······
And whether his men shot east or west,9·········
Or they shot north or south,6······
The curtal dogs, so taught they were,8·/˘·····
They kept their arrows in their mouth.8···/˘···
‘Take up thy dogs,’ said Little John,8·····/˘·
‘Friar, at my bidding be.’--7/˘··/˘·
‘Whose man art thou,’ said the curtal friar,9······/˘/
‘Comes here to prate with me?’--6······
‘I am Little John, Robin Hood’s man,9··/˘·/˘··
Friar, I will not lie;6/˘····
If thou take not up thy dogs soon,8········
I’le take up them and thee.’7·······
Little John had a bow in his hand,9/˘·······
He shot with might and main;6······
Soon half a score of the friar’s dogs8······/·
Lay dead upon the plain.6······
‘Hold thy hand, good fellow,’ said the curtal friar,11····/˘··/˘/
‘Thy master and I will agree;8·/˘···˘/
And we will have new orders taken,9·····/˘/˘
With all the haste that may be.’7·······
‘If thou wilt forsake fair Fountains Dale,9···˘/·/˘·
And Fountains Abbey free,6·/˘/˘·
Every Sunday throughout the year,8/˘/·····
A noble shall be thy fee.7·/˘····
‘And every holy day throughout the year,10·/˘/˘·····
Changed shall thy garment be,7·˘··/˘·
If thou wilt go to fair Nottingham,9······/˘·
And there remain with me.’6··˘/··
This curtal friar had kept Fountains Dale9·/˘/··/˘·
Seven long years or more;6/˘····
There was neither knight, lord, nor earl8··/˘····
Could make him yield before.6······

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