Spring Offensive

Wilfred Owen (1893–1918) · 1920

iambic pentameter · 46 lines · from Poems

Halted against the shade of a last hill,They fed, and, lying easy, were at easeAnd, finding comfortable chests and kneesCarelessly slept. But many there stood stillTo face the stark, blank sky beyond the ridge,Knowing their feet had come to the end of the world.

Marvelling they stood, and watched the long grass swirledBy the May breeze, murmurous with wasp and midge,For though the summer oozed into their veinsLike the injected drug for their bones' pains,Sharp on their souls hung the imminent line of grass,Fearfully flashed the sky's mysterious glass.

Hour after hour they ponder the warm field--And the far valley behind, where the buttercupsHad blessed with gold their slow boots coming up,Where even the little brambles would not yield,But clutched and clung to them like sorrowing hands;They breathe like trees unstirred.

Till like a cold gust thrilled the little wordAt which each body and its soul begirdAnd tighten them for battle. No alarmsOf bugles, no high flags, no clamorous haste--Only a lift and flare of eyes that facedThe sun, like a friend with whom their love is done.O larger shone that smile against the sun,--Mightier than his whose bounty these have spurned.

So, soon they topped the hill, and raced togetherOver an open stretch of herb and heatherExposed. And instantly the whole sky burnedWith fury against them; and soft sudden cupsOpened in thousands for their blood; and the green slopesChasmed and steepened sheer to infinite space.

Of them who running on that last high placeLeapt to swift unseen bullets, or went upOn the hot blast and fury of hell's upsurge,Or plunged and fell away past this world's verge,Some say God caught them even before they fell.

But what say such as from existence' brinkVentured but drave too swift to sink.The few who rushed in the body to enter hell,And there out-fiending all its fiends and flamesWith superhuman inhumanities,Long-famous glories, immemorial shames--And crawling slowly back, have by degreesRegained cool peaceful air in wonder--Why speak they not of comrades that went under?

Words in this poem 16
stark adv.
Wholly; entirely; absolutely; quite; as, stark mind.
murmurous a.
Attended with murmurs; exciting murmurs or complaint; murmuring. [Cf. L. murmuriosus, OF. murmuros.]
midge n.
Any one of many small, delicate, long-legged flies of the Chironomus, and allied genera, which do not bite. Their larvæ are usually aquatic.
imminent a.
Threatening to occur immediately; near at hand; impending; -- said especially of misfortune or peril. [L. imminens, p. pr. of imminere to project; pref. im- in + minere (in comp.) to jut, project. See Eminent.]
fearfully adv.
In a fearful manner.
clung a.
Wasted away; shrunken. [Prop. p. p. fr. OE. clingen to wither. See Cling, v. i.]
begird v. t.
To bind with a band or girdle; to gird. [AS. begyrdan (akin to Goth. bigairdan); pref. be- + gyrdan to gird.]
flare v. i.
To burn with an unsteady or waving flame; as, the candle flares. [Cf. Norw. flara to blaze, flame, adorn with tinsel, dial. Sw. flasa upp, and E. flash, or flacker.]
bounty n.
Goodness, kindness; virtue; worth. [OE. bounte goodness, kindness, F. bonté, fr. L. bonitas, fr. bonus good, for older duonus; cf. Skr. duvas honor, respect.]
chasmed a.
Having gaps or a chasm.
unseen a.
Not seen or discovered.
went n.
Course; way; path; journey; direction.
brink n.
The edge, margin, or border of a steep place, as of a precipice; a bank or edge, as of a river or pit; a verge; a border; as, the brink of a chasm. Also Fig. [Dan. brink edge, verge; akin to Sw. brink declivity, hill, Icel. brekka; cf. LG. brink a grassy hill, W. bryn hill, bryncyn hillock.]
drave
, old imp. of Drive.
rushed a.
Abounding or covered with rushes.
immemorial a.
Extending beyond the reach of memory, record, or tradition; indefinitely ancient; as, existing from time immemorial. [Pref. im- not + memorial: cf. F. immémorial.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Spring Offensive is in the public domain. This text is taken from Poems, Project Gutenberg ebook #1034; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Wilfred Owen, Spring Offensive, in Poems (1920), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #1034, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/owen-poems/spring-offensive.html, id L04677.

Form and metre

Spring Offensive is 46 lines in 7 stanzas. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 81%). 88% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 10.3 syllables. 4 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 44% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in iambic pentameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 ABBACD hillA · easeB · kneesB · stillA · ridgeC · worldD
  2. 2 DCEEFF swirledD · midgeC · veinsE · painsE · grassF · glassF
  3. 3 G--G-H fieldG · buttercups · up · yieldG · hands · unstirredH
  4. 4 HH-IIJJK wordH · begirdH · alarms · hasteI · facedI · doneJ · sunJ · spurnedK
  5. 5 LLK--M togetherL · heatherL · burnedK · cups · slopes · spaceM
  6. 6 M-NNO placeM · up · upsurgeN · vergeN · fellO
  7. 7 PPOQ-Q-RR brinkP · sinkP · hellO · flamesQ · inhumanities · shamesQ · degrees · wonderR · underR
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
Halted against the shade of a last hill,10/˘········
They fed, and, lying easy, were at ease10···/˘/˘···
And, finding comfortable chests and knees10·/˘/˘˘˘···
Carelessly slept. But many there stood still10/˘˘··/˘···
To face the stark, blank sky beyond the ridge,10··········
Knowing their feet had come to the end of the world.11/··········
Marvelling they stood, and watched the long grass swirled11˘/˘········
By the May breeze, murmurous with wasp and midge,11····/˘˘····
For though the summer oozed into their veins10···/˘·····
Like the injected drug for their bones' pains,10··˘/˘·····
Sharp on their souls hung the imminent line of grass,11······/˘···
Fearfully flashed the sky's mysterious glass.10/˘˘···˘/˘·
Hour after hour they ponder the warm field--10/··/·/˘···
And the far valley behind, where the buttercups12···/˘····/˘·
Had blessed with gold their slow boots coming up,10·······/˘·
Where even the little brambles would not yield,10·/·/˘/˘···
But clutched and clung to them like sorrowing hands;10·······/˘·
They breathe like trees unstirred.6······
Till like a cold gust thrilled the little word10·······/˘·
At which each body and its soul begird10···/˘···˘/
And tighten them for battle. No alarms10·/˘··/˘·˘/
Of bugles, no high flags, no clamorous haste--11·/˘····/˘˘·
Only a lift and flare of eyes that faced10/˘········
The sun, like a friend with whom their love is done.11···········
O larger shone that smile against the sun,--10·/˘·······
Mightier than his whose bounty these have spurned.10/˘···/˘···
So, soon they topped the hill, and raced together11········˘/˘
Over an open stretch of herb and heather11···/˘····/˘
Exposed. And instantly the whole sky burned10˘/·/˘˘····
With fury against them; and soft sudden cups11·/˘·····/˘·
Opened in thousands for their blood; and the green slopes12/˘·/˘·······
Chasmed and steepened sheer to infinite space.10/˘·/˘··/˘·
Of them who running on that last high place10···/˘·····
Leapt to swift unseen bullets, or went up10···˘//˘···
On the hot blast and fury of hell's upsurge,11·····/˘··/·
Or plunged and fell away past this world's verge,10····˘/····
Some say God caught them even before they fell.10·····/····
But what say such as from existence' brink10······˘/˘·
Ventured but drave too swift to sink.9/˘˘······
The few who rushed in the body to enter hell,12······/˘·/˘·
And there out-fiending all its fiends and flames10···/˘·····
With superhuman inhumanities,10··˘/˘˘˘/˘˘
Long-famous glories, immemorial shames--10·/˘/˘·˘/˘·
And crawling slowly back, have by degrees10·/˘/˘···˘/
Regained cool peaceful air in wonder--10˘/˘·/˘··/˘
Why speak they not of comrades that went under?11·····/·····

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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