The Foster-Mother’s Tale, a Dramatic Fragment

William Wordsworth (1770–1850) · 1798

iambic pentameter · unrhymed · 144 lines · from Lyrical Ballads

I never saw the man whom you describe.

’Tis strange! he spake of you familiarlyAs mine and Albert’s common Foster-mother.

Now blessings on the man, whoe’er he be,That joined your names with mine! O my sweet lady,As often as I think of those dear timesWhen you two little ones would stand at eveOn each side of my chair, and make me learnAll you had learnt in the day; and how to talkIn gentle phrase, then bid me sing to you--’Tis more like heaven to come than what has been.

O my dear Mother! this strange man has left meTroubled with wilder fancies, than the moonBreeds in the love-sick maid who gazes at it,Till lost in inward vision, with wet eyeShe gazes idly!--But that entrance, Mother!

Can no one hear? It is a perilous tale!

No one.

My husband’s father told it me,Poor old Leoni!--Angels rest his soul!He was a woodman, and could fell and sawWith lusty arm. You know that huge round beamWhich props the hanging wall of the old chapel?Beneath that tree, while yet it was a treeHe found a baby wrapt in mosses, linedWith thistle-beards, and such small locks of woolAs hang on brambles. Well, he brought him home,And reared him at the then Lord Velez’ cost.And so the babe grew up a pretty boy,A pretty boy, but most unteachable--And never learnt a prayer, nor told a bead,But knew the names of birds, and mocked their notes,And whistled, as he were a bird himself:And all the autumn ’twas his only playTo get the seeds of wild flowers, and to plant themWith earth and water, on the stumps of trees.A Friar, who gathered simples in the wood,A grey-haired man--he loved this little boy,The boy loved him--and, when the Friar taught him,He soon could write with the pen: and from that time,Lived chiefly at the Convent or the Castle.So he became a very learned youth.But Oh! poor wretch!--he read, and read, and read,’Till his brain turned--and ere his twentieth year,He had unlawful thoughts of many things:And though he prayed, he never loved to prayWith holy men, nor in a holy place--But yet his speech, it was so soft and sweet,The late Lord Velez ne’er was wearied with him.And once, as by the north side of the ChapelThey stood together, chained in deep discourse,The earth heaved under them with such a groan,That the wall tottered, and had well-nigh fallenRight on their heads. My Lord was sorely frightened;A fever seized him, and he made confessionOf all the heretical and lawless talkWhich brought this judgment: so the youth was seizedAnd cast into that hole. My husband’s fatherSobbed like a child--it almost broke his heart:And once as he was working in the cellar,He heard a voice distinctly; ’twas the youth’s,Who sung a doleful song about green fields,How sweet it were on lake or wild savannah,To hunt for food, and be a naked man,And wander up and down at liberty.He always doted on the youth, and nowHis love grew desperate; and defying death,He made that cunning entrance I described:And the young man escaped.

’Tis a sweet tale:Such as would lull a listening child to sleep,His rosy face besoiled with unwiped tears.--And what became of him?

He went on ship-boardWith those bold voyagers, who made discoveryOf golden lands. Leoni’s younger brotherWent likewise, and when he returned to Spain,He told Leoni, that the poor mad youth,Soon after they arrived in that new world,In spite of his dissuasion, seized a boat,And all alone, set sail by silent moonlightUp a great river, great as any sea,And ne’er was heard of more: but ’tis supposed,He lived and died among the savage men.

--Nay, Traveller! rest. This lonely yew-tree standsFar from all human dwelling: what if hereNo sparkling rivulet spread the verdant herb;What if these barren boughs the bee not loves;Yet, if the wind breathe soft, the curling waves,That break against the shore, shall lull thy mindBy one soft impulse saved from vacancy.

--Who he wasThat piled these stones, and with the mossy sodFirst covered o’er, and taught this aged tree,Now wild, to bend its arms in circling shade,I well remember.--He was one who own’dNo common soul. In youth, by genius nurs’d,And big with lofty views, he to the worldWent forth, pure in his heart, against the taintOf dissolute tongues, ’gainst jealousy, and hate,And scorn, against all enemies prepared,All but neglect: and so, his spirit dampedAt once, with rash disdain he turned away,And with the food of pride sustained his soulIn solitude.--Stranger! these gloomy boughsHad charms for him; and here he loved to sit,His only visitants a straggling sheep,The stone-chat, or the glancing sand-piper;And on these barren rocks, with juniper,And heath, and thistle, thinly sprinkled o’er,Fixing his downward eye, he many an hourA morbid pleasure nourished, tracing hereAn emblem of his own unfruitful life:And lifting up his head, he then would gazeOn the more distant scene; how lovely ’tisThou seest, and he would gaze till it becameFar lovelier, and his heart could not sustainThe beauty still more beauteous. Nor, that time,Would he forget those beings, to whose minds,Warm from the labours of benevolence,The world, and man himself, appeared a sceneOf kindred loveliness: then he would sighWith mournful joy, to think that others feltWhat he must never feel: and so, lost man!On visionary views would fancy feed,Till his eye streamed with tears. In this deep valeHe died, this seat his only monument.

If thou be one whose heart the holy formsOf young imagination have kept pure,Stranger! henceforth be warned; and know, that pride,Howe’er disguised in its own majesty,Is littleness; that he, who feels contemptFor any living thing, hath facultiesWhich he has never used; that thought with himIs in its infancy. The man, whose eyeIs ever on himself, doth look on one,The least of nature’s works, one who might moveThe wise man to that scorn which wisdom holdsUnlawful, ever. O, be wiser thou!Instructed that true knowledge leads to love,True dignity abides with him aloneWho, in the silent hour of inward thought,Can still suspect, and still revere himself,In lowliness of heart.

Words in this poem 22
woodman n.
A forest officer appointed to take care of the king's woods; a forester. [Eng.]
props n.
A game of chance, in which four sea shells, each called a prop, are used instead of dice.
babe n.
An infant; a young child of either sex; a baby. [Cf. Ir. bab, baban, W. baban, maban.]
sorely adv.
In a sore manner; grievously; painfully; as, to be sorely afflicted.
broke v. i.
To transact business for another. Brome. [See Broker, and cf. Brook.]
doted a.
Stupid; foolish.
desperate a.
Without hope; given to despair; hopeless. [L. desperatus, p. p. of desperare. See Despair, and cf. Desperado.]
lull v. t.
To cause to rest by soothing influences; to compose; to calm; to soothe; to quiet. [Akin to OD. lullen to sing to sleep, G. lullen, Dan. lulle, Sw. lulla; all of imitative origin. Cf. Loll, Lollard.]
went n.
Course; way; path; journey; direction.
dissuasion n.
The act of dissuading; exhortation against a thing; dehortation. [L. dissuasio: cf. F. dissuasion. See Dissuade.]
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
vacancy n.
The quality or state of being vacant; emptiness; hence, freedom from employment; intermission; leisure; idleness; listlessness. [Cf. F. vacance.]
piled a.
Having a pile or point; pointed. [From 2d Pile.]
dissolute a.
With nerves unstrung; weak. [L. dissolutus, p. p. of dissolvere: cf. F. dissolu. See Dissolve.]
straggling a.
from Straggle, v.
glancing a.
Shooting, as light.
beauteous a.
Full of beauty; beautiful; very handsome. [Mostly poetic] -- Beau"te*ous*ly, adv. --
loveliness n.
The state or quality of being lovely. [From Lovely.]
vale n.
A tract of low ground, or of land between hills; a valley. [OE. val, F. val, L. vallis; perhaps akin to Gr. Avalanche, Vail to lower, Valley.]
henceforth adv.
From this time forward; henceforward.
revere v. t.
To regard with reverence, or profound respect and affection, mingled with awe or fear; to venerate; to reverence; to honor in estimation. [L. revereri; pref. re- re- + vereri to fear, perh. akin to E. wary: cf. F. révérer.]
lowliness n.
The state or quality of being lowly; humility; humbleness of mind. [From Lowly.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

The Foster-Mother’s Tale, a Dramatic Fragment is in the public domain. This text is taken from Lyrical Ballads, With a Few Other Poems (1798), Project Gutenberg ebook #9622; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: William Wordsworth, The Foster-Mother’s Tale, a Dramatic Fragment, in Lyrical Ballads (1798), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #9622, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/lyrical-ballads/the-foster-mother-s-tale-a-dramatic-fragment.html, id L02849.

Form and metre

The Foster-Mother’s Tale, a Dramatic Fragment is 144 lines in 12 verse paragraphs. It is unrhymed, as far as the pronouncing dictionary can tell. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 88%). 95% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 9.7 syllables. 24 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 39% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in iambic pentameter, other poems in blank verse.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 4 A--A- meA · moon · it · eyeA · mother
  2. 7 -A--A--A-------------------------BB-B-------------- me · soulA · saw · beam · chapelA · tree · lined · woolA · home · cost · boy · unteachable · bead · notes · himself · play · them · trees · wood · boy · him · time · castle · youth · read · year · things · pray · place · sweet · him · chapel · discourse · groanB · fallenB · frightened · confessionB · talk · seized · father · heart · cellar · youth's · fields · savannah · man · liberty · now · death · described · escaped
  3. 12 ---------A--A---- forms · pure · pride · majesty · contempt · faculties · him · eye · one · moveA · holds · thou · loveA · alone · thought · himself · heart
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
I never saw the man whom you describe.10·/˘·····˘/
’Tis strange! he spake of you familiarly10······/˘˘˘
As mine and Albert’s common Foster-mother.11···/˘/˘/˘/˘
Now blessings on the man, whoe’er he be,9·/˘······
That joined your names with mine! O my sweet lady,11·········/˘
As often as I think of those dear times10·/˘·······
When you two little ones would stand at eve10···/˘·····
On each side of my chair, and make me learn10··········
All you had learnt in the day; and how to talk11···········
In gentle phrase, then bid me sing to you--10·/˘·······
’Tis more like heaven to come than what has been.10···/······
O my dear Mother! this strange man has left me11···/˘······
Troubled with wilder fancies, than the moon10/˘·/˘/˘···
Breeds in the love-sick maid who gazes at it,11·······/˘··
Till lost in inward vision, with wet eye10···/˘/˘···
She gazes idly!--But that entrance, Mother!11·/˘/˘··/˘/˘
Can no one hear? It is a perilous tale!10·······/˘·
No one.2··
My husband’s father told it me,8·/˘/˘···
Poor old Leoni!--Angels rest his soul!10··˘/˘/˘···
He was a woodman, and could fell and saw10···/˘·····
With lusty arm. You know that huge round beam10·/˘·······
Which props the hanging wall of the old chapel?11···/˘····/˘
Beneath that tree, while yet it was a tree10··········
He found a baby wrapt in mosses, lined10···/˘··/˘·
With thistle-beards, and such small locks of wool10·/˘·······
As hang on brambles. Well, he brought him home,10···/˘·····
And reared him at the then Lord Velez’ cost.10·······˘/·
And so the babe grew up a pretty boy,10·······/˘·
A pretty boy, but most unteachable--10·/˘·······
And never learnt a prayer, nor told a bead,10·/˘·······
But knew the names of birds, and mocked their notes,10··········
And whistled, as he were a bird himself:10·/˘·····˘/
And all the autumn ’twas his only play10···/˘··/˘·
To get the seeds of wild flowers, and to plant them11······/····
With earth and water, on the stumps of trees.10···/˘·····
A Friar, who gathered simples in the wood,10·/·/˘/˘···
A grey-haired man--he loved this little boy,10·······/˘·
The boy loved him--and, when the Friar taught him,10·······/··
He soon could write with the pen: and from that time,11···········
Lived chiefly at the Convent or the Castle.11·/˘··/˘··/˘
So he became a very learned youth.10··˘/·/˘·˘·
But Oh! poor wretch!--he read, and read, and read,10··········
’Till his brain turned--and ere his twentieth year,10·······/˘·
He had unlawful thoughts of many things:10··˘/˘··/˘·
And though he prayed, he never loved to pray10·····/˘···
With holy men, nor in a holy place--10·/˘····/˘·
But yet his speech, it was so soft and sweet,10··········
The late Lord Velez ne’er was wearied with him.11···˘/··/˘··
And once, as by the north side of the Chapel11·········/˘
They stood together, chained in deep discourse,10··˘/˘···/˘
The earth heaved under them with such a groan,10··········
That the wall tottered, and had well-nigh fallen11···/˘····/˘
Right on their heads. My Lord was sorely frightened;11·······/˘/˘
A fever seized him, and he made confession11·/˘·····˘/˘
Of all the heretical and lawless talk10···˘/˘·/˘·
Which brought this judgment: so the youth was seized10···/˘·····
And cast into that hole. My husband’s father11·······/˘/˘
Sobbed like a child--it almost broke his heart:10·····/····
And once as he was working in the cellar,11·····/˘··/˘
He heard a voice distinctly; ’twas the youth’s,10····˘/˘···
Who sung a doleful song about green fields,10···/˘·····
How sweet it were on lake or wild savannah,11········˘/˘
To hunt for food, and be a naked man,10·······/˘·
And wander up and down at liberty.10·/˘····/˘˘
He always doted on the youth, and now10·/·/˘·····
His love grew desperate; and defying death,10···/˘·˘/˘·
He made that cunning entrance I described:10···/˘/˘·˘/
And the young man escaped.6····˘/
’Tis a sweet tale:4····
Such as would lull a listening child to sleep,10·····/˘···
His rosy face besoiled with unwiped tears.--10·/˘·······
And what became of him?6··˘/··
He went on ship-board5·····
With those bold voyagers, who made discovery11···/˘··˘/˘˘
Of golden lands. Leoni’s younger brother11·/˘·˘/˘/˘/˘
Went likewise, and when he returned to Spain,10·/····˘/··
He told Leoni, that the poor mad youth,10··˘/˘·····
Soon after they arrived in that new world,10····˘/····
In spite of his dissuasion, seized a boat,10····˘/˘···
And all alone, set sail by silent moonlight11··˘/···/˘/·
Up a great river, great as any sea,10···/˘··/˘·
And ne’er was heard of more: but ’tis supposed,10········˘/
He lived and died among the savage men.10·······/˘·
--Nay, Traveller! rest. This lonely yew-tree stands10·/˘··/˘···
Far from all human dwelling: what if here10···/˘/˘···
No sparkling rivulet spread the verdant herb;11·/˘/˘˘··/˘·
What if these barren boughs the bee not loves;10···/˘·····
Yet, if the wind breathe soft, the curling waves,10·······/˘·
That break against the shore, shall lull thy mind10··········
By one soft impulse saved from vacancy.10···/˘··/˘˘
--Who he was3···
That piled these stones, and with the mossy sod10·······/˘·
First covered o’er, and taught this aged tree,10·/˘˘······
Now wild, to bend its arms in circling shade,10·······/˘·
I well remember.--He was one who own’d10··˘/˘·····
No common soul. In youth, by genius nurs’d,10·/˘····/˘·
And big with lofty views, he to the world10···/˘·····
Went forth, pure in his heart, against the taint10··········
Of dissolute tongues, ’gainst jealousy, and hate,10·/˘˘··/˘··
And scorn, against all enemies prepared,10·····/˘˘˘/
All but neglect: and so, his spirit damped10··˘/···/˘·
At once, with rash disdain he turned away,10····˘/··˘/
And with the food of pride sustained his soul10······˘/··
In solitude.--Stranger! these gloomy boughs10·/˘·/˘·/˘·
Had charms for him; and here he loved to sit,10··········
His only visitants a straggling sheep,10·/˘····/˘·
The stone-chat, or the glancing sand-piper;10·····/˘·/˘
And on these barren rocks, with juniper,10···/˘··/˘˘
And heath, and thistle, thinly sprinkled o’er,10···/˘/˘/˘·
Fixing his downward eye, he many an hour11/˘·/··/˘·/˘
A morbid pleasure nourished, tracing here10·/˘/˘/˘/˘·
An emblem of his own unfruitful life:10·/˘···˘/˘·
And lifting up his head, he then would gaze10·/˘·······
On the more distant scene; how lovely ’tis10···/˘··/˘·
Thou seest, and he would gaze till it became10········˘/
Far lovelier, and his heart could not sustain11·········˘/
The beauty still more beauteous. Nor, that time,11·/˘··/˘˘···
Would he forget those beings, to whose minds,10··˘/·/˘···
Warm from the labours of benevolence,10···/˘·˘/˘˘
The world, and man himself, appeared a scene10····˘/˘/··
Of kindred loveliness: then he would sigh10·/˘/˘˘····
With mournful joy, to think that others felt10·/˘····/˘·
What he must never feel: and so, lost man!10···/˘·····
On visionary views would fancy feed,10·/˘·˘··/˘·
Till his eye streamed with tears. In this deep vale10··········
He died, this seat his only monument.10·····/˘/˘˘
If thou be one whose heart the holy forms10·······/˘·
Of young imagination have kept pure,10··˘·˘/˘···
Stranger! henceforth be warned; and know, that pride,10/˘//······
Howe’er disguised in its own majesty,10··˘/···/˘˘
Is littleness; that he, who feels contempt10·/˘˘····˘/
For any living thing, hath faculties10·/˘/˘··/˘˘
Which he has never used; that thought with him10···/˘·····
Is in its infancy. The man, whose eye10···/˘˘····
Is ever on himself, doth look on one,10·/˘·˘/····
The least of nature’s works, one who might move10···/˘·····
The wise man to that scorn which wisdom holds10·······/˘·
Unlawful, ever. O, be wiser thou!10˘/˘/˘··/˘·
Instructed that true knowledge leads to love,10˘/˘··/˘···
True dignity abides with him alone10·/˘˘˘/··˘/
Who, in the silent hour of inward thought,10···/˘/·/˘·
Can still suspect, and still revere himself,10··˘/··˘/˘/
In lowliness of heart.6·/˘˘··

On this poem

Part of Act iv. of Coleridge’s tragedy Osorio, written in 1797. The Tale illustrates the conflict between light and darkness, sage-lore and priestcraft — between nature, freedom, science and pedantry, tyranny and superstition — a favourite theme of the Unitarian probationer of 1797. [Hutchinson]

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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