Chang Jo-hu

Various (about 750), translated by L. Cranmer-Byng · 1909

iambic pentameter · unrhymed · 59 lines · from A Lute of Jade

When heaven reveals her primal stainless blue,Alone within the firmament there burnsThe tiny torch of dusk. What startled eyesUplifted from the restless stream first metThe full round glory of the moon! Yon orbThat pales upon the flood of broad Kiang,When did she first through twilight mists unveilHer wonders to the world?Men come and go;New generations hunger at the heelsOf those that yield possession. Still the moonFulfils her phases. While the tides of timeEat out the rocks of empire, and the starsOf human destiny adown the voidGo glittering to their doom, she changeless sweepsThrough all her times and destinies. Alas!The little lives that swarmed beneath the moon,I cannot count them. This alone I know --That, wave on wave, the Kiang seeks the sea,And not a wave returns.One small white cloudThreading the vasty vault of heaven recallsMy heart unto her loneliness. I sailBetween two banks, where heavy boughs enlace,Whose verdurous luxuriance wakes once moreMy many griefs. None know me as I am,Steering to strange adventure. None may tellIf, steeped in the same moonlight, lies afarSome dim pavilion where my lady dreamsOf me. Ah, happy moon! low lingering moon!That with soft touch now brightens into jadeLintel and door, and when she lifts the blindFloats through the darkened chamber of her sleep;While leagues away my love-winged messagesGo flocking home; and though they mingle not,Our thoughts seek one another. In the liltOf winds I hear her whisper: "Oh that IMight melt into the moonbeams, and with themLeap through the void, and shed myself with themUpon my lover." Slow the night creeps on.Sleep harbours in the little room. She dreams --Dreams of a fall o' flowers. Alas! young SpringLies on the threshold of maternity,And still he comes not. Still the flowing streamSweeps on, but the swift torrents of green hoursAre licked into the brazen skies betweenTheir widening banks. The great deliberate moonNow leans toward the last resort of night,Gloom of the western waves. She dips her rim,She sinks, she founders in the mist; and stillThe stream flows on, and to the insatiate seaHurries her white-wave flocks innumerableIn never-ending tale. On such a nightHow many tireless travellers may attainThe happy goal of their desire! So dreamsMy lady till the moon goes down, and lo!A rush of troubled waters floods her soul,While black forebodings rise from deeps unknownAnd the cold trail of fear creeps round her heart.

Words in this poem 16
primal a.
First; primary; original; chief. [LL. primalis, fr. L. primus the first. See Prime, a.]
stainless a.
Free from stain; immaculate.
firmament n.
Fixed foundation; established basis. [L. firmamentum, fr. firmare to make firm: cf. F. firmament. See Firm, v. & a.]
unveil v. t.
To remove a veil from; to divest of a veil; to uncover; to disclose to view; to reveal; as, she unveiled her face. [1st pref. un- + veil.]
adown adv.
From a higher to a lower situation; downward; down, to or on the ground. [OE. adun, adoun, adune. AS. of dune off the hill. See Down.]
changeless a.
That can not be changed; constant; as, a changeless purpose.
loneliness n.
The condition of being lonely; solitude; seclusion.
enlace v. t.
To bind or encircle with lace, or as with lace; to lace; to encircle; to enfold; hence, to entangle.
verdurous a.
Covered with verdure; clothed with the fresh green of vegetation; verdured; verdant; as, verdurous pastures.
luxuriance n.
The state or quality of being luxuriant; rank, vigorous growth; excessive abundance produced by rank growth. [Cf. F. luxuriance.]
afar adv.
At, to, or from a great distance; far away; -- often used with from preceding, or off following; as, he was seen from afar; I saw him afar off. [Pref. a-.(for on or of) + far.]
pavilion n.
A temporary movable habitation; a large tent; a marquee; esp., a tent raised on posts. [F. pavillon, fr. L. pavilio a butterfly, also, a tent, because spread out like a butterfly's wings.]
lilt v. i.
To do anything with animation and quickness, as to skip, fly, or hop. [Cf. Norw. lilla, lirla, to sing in a high tone.]
maternity n.
The state of being a mother; the character or relation of a mother. [F. maternité, LL. maternitas.]
insatiate a.
Insatiable; as, insatiate thirst. [L. insatiatus.]
hurries n.
A staith or framework from which coal is discharged from cars into vessels.

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Chang Jo-hu is in the public domain. This text is taken from A Lute of Jade, Project Gutenberg ebook #390, the L. Cranmer-Byng translation; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Various, Chang Jo-hu, in A Lute of Jade (1909), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #390, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/lute-of-jade/chang-jo-hu.html, id L15587.

Form and metre

Chang Jo-hu is 59 lines in a single verse paragraph. It is unrhymed, as far as the pronouncing dictionary can tell. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 86%). 93% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 9.8 syllables. 4 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 63% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in iambic pentameter, other poems in blank verse.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 -------------------------------------------------A-A------- blue · burns · eyes · met · orb · kiang · unveil · world · go · heels · moon · time · stars · void · sweeps · alas · moon · know · sea · returns · cloud · recalls · sail · enlace · more · am · tell · afar · dreams · moon · jade · blind · sleep · messages · not · lilt · i · them · them · on · dreams · spring · maternity · stream · hours · between · moon · night · rim · stillA · sea · innumerableA · night · attain · dreams · lo · soul · unknown · heart
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
When heaven reveals her primal stainless blue,10·/˘/·/˘/˘·
Alone within the firmament there burns10˘/···/˘˘··
The tiny torch of dusk. What startled eyes10·/˘····/˘·
Uplifted from the restless stream first met10/˘˘··/˘···
The full round glory of the moon! Yon orb10···/˘·····
That pales upon the flood of broad Kiang,10········˘/
When did she first through twilight mists unveil10·····/··˘/
Her wonders to the world?6·/˘···
Men come and go;4····
New generations hunger at the heels10··˘/˘/˘···
Of those that yield possession. Still the moon10····˘/˘···
Fulfils her phases. While the tides of time10···/˘·····
Eat out the rocks of empire, and the stars10·····/˘···
Of human destiny adown the void10·/˘/˘˘˘/··
Go glittering to their doom, she changeless sweeps10·/˘····/˘·
Through all her times and destinies. Alas!10·····/˘˘˘/
The little lives that swarmed beneath the moon,10·/˘·······
I cannot count them. This alone I know --10·/˘···˘/··
That, wave on wave, the Kiang seeks the sea,10·····˘/···
And not a wave returns.6····˘/
One small white cloud4····
Threading the vasty vault of heaven recalls10/˘·/˘··/˘/
My heart unto her loneliness. I sail10·····/˘˘··
Between two banks, where heavy boughs enlace,10·····/˘·˘/
Whose verdurous luxuriance wakes once more11·/˘˘˘/˘˘···
My many griefs. None know me as I am,10·/˘·······
Steering to strange adventure. None may tell10/˘··˘/˘···
If, steeped in the same moonlight, lies afar10·····/··˘/
Some dim pavilion where my lady dreams10··˘/˘··/˘·
Of me. Ah, happy moon! low lingering moon!10···/˘··/˘·
That with soft touch now brightens into jade10·····/˘···
Lintel and door, and when she lifts the blind10/˘········
Floats through the darkened chamber of her sleep;10···/˘/˘···
While leagues away my love-winged messages10··˘/···/˘˘
Go flocking home; and though they mingle not,10·/˘····/˘·
Our thoughts seek one another. In the lilt10/···˘/˘···
Of winds I hear her whisper: "Oh that I10·····/˘···
Might melt into the moonbeams, and with them10·····/····
Leap through the void, and shed myself with them10·······/··
Upon my lover." Slow the night creeps on.10···/˘·····
Sleep harbours in the little room. She dreams --10·/˘··/˘···
Dreams of a fall o' flowers. Alas! young Spring10·····/˘/··
Lies on the threshold of maternity,10···/··˘/˘˘
And still he comes not. Still the flowing stream10·······/˘·
Sweeps on, but the swift torrents of green hours11·····/˘··/˘
Are licked into the brazen skies between10·····/˘···
Their widening banks. The great deliberate moon10·/˘···˘/˘·
Now leans toward the last resort of night,10······˘/··
Gloom of the western waves. She dips her rim,10···/˘·····
She sinks, she founders in the mist; and still10···/˘·····
The stream flows on, and to the insatiate sea12·······˘/˘˘·
Hurries her white-wave flocks innumerable11/˘····˘/˘˘˘
In never-ending tale. On such a night10·/˘/˘·····
How many tireless travellers may attain10·//˘/˘˘·˘/
The happy goal of their desire! So dreams10·/˘···˘/··
My lady till the moon goes down, and lo!10·/˘·······
A rush of troubled waters floods her soul,10···/˘/˘···
While black forebodings rise from deeps unknown10··˘/˘···˘/
And the cold trail of fear creeps round her heart.10··········

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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