Autumn

Various (about 750), translated by L. Cranmer-Byng · 1909

iambic pentameter · unrhymed · 62 lines · from A Lute of Jade

One night, when dreaming over ancient books,There came to me a sudden far-off soundFrom the south-west. I listened, wondering,As on it crept: at first a gentle sigh,Like as a spirit passing; then it swelledInto the roaring of great waves that smiteThe broken vanguard of the cliff: the rageOf storm-black tigers in the startled nightAmong the jackals of the wind and rain.It burst upon the hanging bell, and setThe silver pendants chattering. It seemedA muffled march of soldiers hurriedlySped to the night attack with muffled mouths,When no command is heard, only the trampOf men and horses onward. "Boy," said I,"What sound is that? Go forth and see." My boy,Returning, answered, "Lord! the moon and allHer stars shine fair; the silver river spansThe sky. No sound of man is heard without;'Tis but a whisper of the trees." "Alas!"I cried, "then Autumn is upon us now.'Tis thus, O boy, that Autumn comes, the coldPitiless autumn of the wrack and mist,Autumn, the season of the cloudless sky,Autumn, of biting blasts, the time of blightAnd desolation; following the chillStir of disaster, with a shout it leapsUpon us. All the gorgeous pageantryOf green is changed. All the proud foliageOf the crested forests is shorn, and shrivels downBeneath the blade of ice. For this is Autumn,Nature's chief executioner. It takesThe darkness for a symbol. It assumesThe temper of proven steel. Its symbol isA sharpened sword. The avenging fiend, it ridesUpon an atmosphere of death. As Spring,Mother of many-coloured birth, doth rearThe young light-hearted world, so Autumn drainsThe nectar of the world's maturity.And sad the hour when all ripe things must pass,For sweetness and decay are of one stem,And sweetness ever riots to decay.Still, what availeth it? The trees will fallIn their due season. Sorrow cannot keepThe plants from fading. Stay! there yet is man --Man, the divinest of all things, whose heartHath known the shipwreck of a thousand hopes,Who bears a hundred wrinkled tragediesUpon the parchment of his brow, whose soulStrange cares have lined and interlined, untilBeneath the burden of life his inmost selfBows down. And swifter still he seeks decayWhen groping for the unattainableOr grieving over continents unknown.Then come the snows of time. Are they not due?Is man of adamant he should outlastThe giants of the grove? Yet after allWho is it that saps his strength save man alone?Tell me, O boy, by what imagined rightMan doth accuse his Autumn blast?" My boySlumbered and answered not. The cricket gaveThe only answer to my song of death.

Words in this poem

vanguard n.
The troops who march in front of an army; the advance guard; the van. [For vantguard, avantguard, F. avant-garde; avant before, fore + garde guard. See Avant, Ab-,Ante-, and Guard, and cf. Advance, Vamp, Van of an army, Vaward.]
chattering n.
The act or habit of talking idly or rapidly, or of making inarticulate sounds; the sounds so made; noise made by the collision of the teeth; chatter.
wrack n.
Wreck; ruin; destruction. [OE. wrak wreck. See Wreck.]
cloudless a.
Without a cloud; clear; bright.
desolation n.
The act of desolating or laying waste; destruction of inhabitants; depopulation. [F. désolation, L. desolatio.]
disaster n.
An unpropitious or baleful aspect of a planet or star; malevolent influence of a heavenly body; hence, an ill portent. [F. désastre; pref. dés- (L. dis-) + astre star, fr. L. astrum; a word of astrological origin. See Aster, Astral, Star.]
gorgeous a.
Imposing through splendid or various colors; showy; fine; magnificent. [OF. gorgias beautiful, glorious, vain, luxurious; cf. OF. gorgias ruff, neck handkerchief, and F. gorge throat, and se pengorger to assume airs. Cf. Gorge, n.]
pageantry n.
Scenic shows or spectacles, taken collectivelly; spectacular guality; splendor.
coloured a.
Having color; tinged; dyed; painted; stained.
fading n.
An Irish dance; also, the burden of a song.
inmost a.
Deepest within; farthest from the surface or external part; innermost. [OE. innemest, AS. innemest, a double superlative form fr. inne within, fr. in in. The modern form is due to confusion with most. See In, and cf. Aftermost, Fore]
swifter v. t.
To tighten, as slack standing rigging, by bringing the opposite shrouds nearer.
outlast v. t.
To exceed in duration; to survive; to endure longer than.

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Autumn is in the public domain. This text is taken from A Lute of Jade, Project Gutenberg ebook #390, the L. Cranmer-Byng translation; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Various, Autumn, in A Lute of Jade (1909), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #390, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/lute-of-jade/autumn.html, id L15622.

Form and metre

Autumn is 62 lines in a single verse paragraph. It is unrhymed, as far as the pronouncing dictionary can tell. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 88%). 90% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 10.1 syllables. 8 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 61% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in iambic pentameter, other poems in blank verse.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 -----A-A----------------------------------------BB--BC--BC---- books · sound · wondering · sigh · swelled · smiteA · rage · nightA · rain · set · seemed · hurriedly · mouths · tramp · i · boy · all · spans · without · alas · now · cold · mist · sky · blight · chill · leaps · pageantry · foliage · down · autumn · takes · assumes · is · rides · spring · rear · drains · maturity · pass · stem · decay · fall · keep · man · heart · hopes · tragedies · soulB · untilB · self · decay · unattainableB · unknownC · due · outlast · allB · aloneC · right · boy · gave · death
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
One night, when dreaming over ancient books,10···/˘··/˘·
There came to me a sudden far-off sound10·····/˘···
From the south-west. I listened, wondering,10·····/˘/˘˘
As on it crept: at first a gentle sigh,10·······/˘·
Like as a spirit passing; then it swelled10···/˘/˘···
Into the roaring of great waves that smite10···/˘·····
The broken vanguard of the cliff: the rage10·/˘/······
Of storm-black tigers in the startled night10···/˘··/˘·
Among the jackals of the wind and rain.10···/˘·····
It burst upon the hanging bell, and set10·····/˘···
The silver pendants chattering. It seemed10·/˘/˘/˘˘··
A muffled march of soldiers hurriedly10·/˘··/˘/˘˘
Sped to the night attack with muffled mouths,10····˘/·/˘·
When no command is heard, only the tramp10··˘/··/˘··
Of men and horses onward. "Boy," said I,10···/˘/˘···
"What sound is that? Go forth and see." My boy,10··········
Returning, answered, "Lord! the moon and all10˘/˘/˘·····
Her stars shine fair; the silver river spans10·····/˘/˘·
The sky. No sound of man is heard without;10··········
'Tis but a whisper of the trees." "Alas!"10···/˘···˘/
I cried, "then Autumn is upon us now.10···/˘·····
'Tis thus, O boy, that Autumn comes, the cold10·····/˘···
Pitiless autumn of the wrack and mist,10/˘˘/˘·····
Autumn, the season of the cloudless sky,10/˘·/˘··/˘·
Autumn, of biting blasts, the time of blight10/˘·/˘·····
And desolation; following the chill10··˘/˘/˘˘··
Stir of disaster, with a shout it leaps10··˘/˘·····
Upon us. All the gorgeous pageantry10·····/˘/˘˘
Of green is changed. All the proud foliage10····˘···/˘
Of the crested forests is shorn, and shrivels down12··/˘/˘···/˘·
Beneath the blade of ice. For this is Autumn,11·········/˘
Nature's chief executioner. It takes10/˘··˘/˘˘··
The darkness for a symbol. It assumes10·/˘··/˘·˘/
The temper of proven steel. Its symbol is11·/˘·/˘··/˘·
A sharpened sword. The avenging fiend, it rides11·/˘··˘/˘···
Upon an atmosphere of death. As Spring,10···/˘·····
Mother of many-coloured birth, doth rear10/˘·/˘/˘···
The young light-hearted world, so Autumn drains10···/˘··/˘·
The nectar of the world's maturity.10·/˘···˘/˘˘
And sad the hour when all ripe things must pass,10···/······
For sweetness and decay are of one stem,10·/˘·˘/····
And sweetness ever riots to decay.10·/˘/˘/˘·˘/
Still, what availeth it? The trees will fall10··˘/˘·····
In their due season. Sorrow cannot keep10···/˘/˘/˘·
The plants from fading. Stay! there yet is man --10···/˘·····
Man, the divinest of all things, whose heart10··˘/˘·····
Hath known the shipwreck of a thousand hopes,10···/˘··/˘·
Who bears a hundred wrinkled tragedies10···/˘/˘/˘˘
Upon the parchment of his brow, whose soul10···/˘·····
Strange cares have lined and interlined, until10··········
Beneath the burden of life his inmost self11···/˘···/˘·
Bows down. And swifter still he seeks decay10···/˘···˘/
When groping for the unattainable10·/˘···˘/˘˘
Or grieving over continents unknown.10·/˘··/˘˘˘/
Then come the snows of time. Are they not due?10··········
Is man of adamant he should outlast10···/˘˘··˘/
The giants of the grove? Yet after all10·/˘·······
Who is it that saps his strength save man alone?11·········˘/
Tell me, O boy, by what imagined right10······˘/˘·
Man doth accuse his Autumn blast?" My boy10··˘/·/˘···
Slumbered and answered not. The cricket gave10/˘·/˘··/˘·
The only answer to my song of death.10·/˘/˘·····

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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