An Indian-Summer Reverie

James Russell Lowell (1819–1891) · 1844–1888

iambic pentameter · ABABCCB · 280 lines · from Poems

What visionary tints the year puts on,When falling leaves falter through motionless airOr numbly cling and shiver to be gone!How shimmer the low flats and pastures bare,As with her nectar Hebe Autumn fillsThe bowl between me and those distant hills,And smiles and shakes abroad her misty, tremulous hair!

No more the landscape holds its wealth apart.Making me poorer in my poverty,But mingles with my senses and my heart;My own projected spirit seems to meIn her own reverie the world to steep;'Tis she that waves to sympathetic sleep,Moving, as she is moved, each field and hill, and tree.

How fuse and mix, with what unfelt degrees,Clasped by the faint horizon's languid arms,Each into each, the hazy distances!The softened season all the landscape charms;Those hills, my native village that embay,In waves of dreamier purple roll away,And floating in mirage seem all the glimmering farms.

Far distant sounds the hidden chickadeeClose at my side; far distant sound the leaves;The fields seem fields of dream, where MemoryWanders like gleaning Ruth; and as the sheavesOf wheat and barley wavered in the eyeOf Boaz as the maiden's glow went by,So tremble and seem remote all things the sense receives.

The cock's shrill trump that tells of scattered corn,Passed breezily on by all his flapping mates,Faint and more faint, from barn to barn is borne,Southward, perhaps to far Magellan's Straits;Dimly I catch the throb of distant flails;Silently overhead the henhawk sails,With watchful, measuring eye, and for his quarry waits.

The sobered robin, hunger-silent now,Seeks cedar-berries blue, his autumn cheer;The squirrel on the shingly shagbark's bough,Now saws, now lists with downward eye and ear,Then drops his nut, and, with a chipping bound,Whisks to his winding fastness underground;The clouds like swans drift down the streaming atmosphere.

O'er yon bare knoll the pointed cedar shadowsDrowse on the crisp, gray moss; the ploughman's callCreeps faint as smoke from black, fresh-furrowed meadows;The single crow a single caw lets fall;And all around me every bush and treeSays Autumn 's here, and Winter soon will beWho snows his soft, white sleep and silence over all.

The birch, most shy and lady-like of trees,Her poverty, as best she may, retrieves,And hints at her foregone gentilitiesWith some saved relics of her wealth of leaves;The swamp-oak, with his royal purple on,Glares red as blood across the sinking sun,As one who proudlier to a falling fortune cleaves.

He looks a sachem, in red blanket wrapt,Who, mid some council of the sad-garbed whites,Erect and stern, in his own memories lapt,With distant eye broods over other sights,Sees the hushed wood the city's flare replace,The wounded turf heal o'er the railway's trace,And roams the savage Past of his undwindled rights.

The red-oak, softer-grained, yields all for lost,And, with his crumpled foliage stiff and dry,After the first betrayal of the frost,Rebuffs the kiss of the relenting sky;The chestnuts, lavish of their long-hid gold,To the faint Summer, beggared now and old,Pour back the sunshine hoarded 'neath her favoring eye.

The ash her purple drops forgivinglyAnd sadly, breaking not the general hush;The maple-swamps glow like a sunset sea,Each leaf a ripple with its separate flush;All round the wood's edge creeps the skirting blazeOf bushes low, as when, on cloudy days,Ere the rain falls, the cautious farmer burns his brush.

O'er yon low wall, which guards one unkempt zone,Where vines, and weeds, and scrub-oaks intertwineSafe from the plough, whose rough, discordant stoneIs massed to one soft gray by lichens fine,The tangled blackberry, crossed and recrossed, weavesA prickly network of ensanguined leaves;Hard by, with coral beads, the prim black-alders shine.

Pillaring with flame this crumbling boundary,Whose loose blocks topple 'neath the ploughboy's foot,Who, with each sense shut fast except the eye,Creeps close and scares the jay he hoped to shoot,The woodbine up the elm's straight stem aspires.Coiling it, harmless, with autumnal fires;In the ivy's paler blaze the martyr oak stands mute.

Below, the Charles--a stripe of nether sky,Now hid by rounded apple-trees between,Whose gaps the misplaced sail sweeps bellying by,Now flickering golden through a woodland screen,Then spreading out at his next turn beyond,A silver circle like an inland pond--Slips seaward silently through marshes purple and green.

Dear marshes! vain to him the gift of sightWho cannot in their various incomes share,From every season drawn, of shade and light,Who sees in them but levels brown and bare;Each change of storm or sunshine scatters freeOn them its largesse of variety,For nature with cheap means still works her wonders rare.

In Spring they lie one broad expanse of green,O'er which the light winds run with glimmering feet;Here, yellower stripes track out the creek unseen,There, darker growths o'er hidden ditches meet;And purpler stains show where the blossoms crowd,As if the silent shadow of a cloudHung there becalmed, with the next breath to fleet.

All round, upon the river's slippery edge,Witching to deeper calm the drowsy tide,Whispers and leans the breeze-entangling sedge;Through emerald glooms the lingering waters slide,Or, sometimes wavering, throw back the sun,And the stiff banks in eddies melt and runOf dimpling light, and with the current seem to glide.

In Summer 'tis a blithesome sight to see,As, step by step, with measured swing, they pass,The wide-ranked mowers wading to the knee,Their sharp scythes panting through the thick-set grass;Then, stretched beneath a rick's shade in a ring,Their nooning take, while one begins to singA stave that droops and dies 'neath the close sky of brass.

Meanwhile the devil-may-care, the bobolink,Remembering duty, in mid-quaver stopsJust ere he sweeps o'er rapture's tremulous brink,And 'twixt the winrows most demurely drops,A decorous bird of business, who providesFor his brown mate and fledglings six besides,And looks from right to left, a farmer mid his crops.

Another change subdues them in the Fall,But saddens not; they still show merrier tints,Though sober russet seems to cover all;When the first sunshine through their dew-drops glints,Look how the yellow clearness, streamed across,Redeems with rarer hues the season's loss,As Dawn's feet there had touched and left their rosy prints.

Or come when sunset gives its freshened zest,Lean o'er the bridge and let the ruddy thrill,While the shorn sun swells down the hazy west,Glow opposite;--the marshes drink their fillAnd swoon with purple veins, then slowly fadeThrough pink to brown, as eastward moves the shade,Lengthening with stealthy creep, of Simond's darkening hill.

Later, and yet ere Winter wholly shuts,Ere through the first dry snow the runner grates,And the loath cart-wheel screams in slippery ruts,While firmer ice the eager boy awaits,Trying each buckle and strap beside the fire,And until bed-time plays with his desire,Twenty times putting on and off his new-bought skates;--

Then, every morn, the river's banks shine brightWith smooth plate-armor, treacherous and frail,By the frost's clinking hammers forged at night,'Gainst which the lances of the sun prevail,Giving a pretty emblem of the dayWhen guiltier arms in light shall melt away,And states shall move free-limbed, loosed from war's cramping mail.

And now those waterfalls the ebbing riverTwice every day creates on either sideTinkle, as through their fresh-sparred grots they shiverIn grass-arched channels to the sun denied;High flaps in sparkling blue the far-heard crow,The silvered flats gleam frostily below,Suddenly drops the gull and breaks the glassy tide.

But, crowned in turn by vying seasons three,Their winter halo hath a fuller ring;This glory seems to rest immovably,--The others were too fleet and vanishing;When the hid tide is at its highest flow,O'er marsh and stream one breathless trance of snowWith brooding fulness awes and hushes everything.

The sunshine seems blown off by the bleak wind,As pale as formal candles lit by day;Gropes to the sea the river dumb and blind;The brown ricks, snow-thatched by the storm in play,Show pearly breakers combing o'er their lee,White crests as of some just enchanted sea,Checked in their maddest leap and hanging poised midway.

But when the eastern blow, with rain aslant,From mid-sea's prairies green and rolling plainsDrives in his wallowing herds of billows gaunt,And the roused Charles remembers in his veinsOld Ocean's blood and snaps his gyves of frost,That tyrannous silence on the shores is tostIn dreary wreck, and crumbling desolation reigns.

Edgewise or flat, in Druid-like device,With leaden pools between or gullies bare,The blocks lie strewn, a bleak Stonehenge of ice;No life, no sound, to break the grim despair,Save sullen plunge, as through the sedges stiffDown crackles riverward some thaw-sapped cliff,Or when the close-wedged fields of ice crunch here and there.

But let me turn from fancy-pictured scenesTo that whose pastoral calm before me lies:Here nothing harsh or rugged intervenes;The early evening with her misty dyesSmooths off the ravelled edges of the nigh,Relieves the distant with her cooler sky,And tones the landscape down, and soothes the wearied eyes.

There gleams my native village, dear to me,Though higher change's waves each day are seen,Whelming fields famed in boyhood's history,Sanding with houses the diminished green;There, in red brick, which softening time defies,Stand square and stiff the Muses' factories;--How with my life knit up is every well-known scene!

Flow on, dear river! not alone you flowTo outward sight, and through your marshes wind;Fed from the mystic springs of long-ago,Your twin flows silent through my world of mind:Grow dim, dear marshes, in the evening's gray!Before my inner sight ye stretch away,And will forever, though these fleshly eyes grow blind.

Beyond that hillock's house-bespotted swell,Where Gothic chapels house the horse and chaise,Where quiet cits in Grecian temples dwell,Where Coptic tombs resound with prayer and praise,Where dust and mud the equal year divide,There gentle Allston lived, and wrought, and died,Transfiguring street and shop with his illumined gaze.

Virgilium vidi tantum,--I have seenBut as a boy, who looks alike on all,That misty hair, that fine Undine-like mien,Tremulous as down to feeling's faintest call;--Ah, dear old homestead! count it to thy fameThat thither many times the Painter came;--One elm yet bears his name, a feathery tree and tall.

Swiftly the present fades in memory's glow,--Our only sure possession is the past;The village blacksmith died a month ago,And dim to me the forge's roaring blast;Soon fire-new mediævals we shall seeOust the black smithy from its chestnut tree,And that hewn down, perhaps, the beehive green and vast.

How many times, prouder than king on throne,Loosed from the village school-dame's A's and B's,Panting have I the creaky bellows blown,And watched the pent volcano's red increase,Then paused to see the ponderous sledge, brought downBy that hard arm voluminous and brown,From the white iron swarm its golden vanishing bees.

Dear native town! whose choking elms each yearWith eddying dust before their time turn gray,Pining for rain,--to me thy dust is dear;It glorifies the eve of summer day,And when the westering sun half-sunken burns,The mote-thick air to deepest orange turns,The westward horseman rides through clouds of gold away,

So palpable, I've seen those unshorn few,The six old willows at the causey's end,(Such trees Paul Potter never dreamed nor drew,)Through this dry mist their checkering shadows send,Striped, here and there, with many a long-drawn thread,Where streamed through leafy chinks the trembling red,Past which, in one bright trail, the hangbird's flashes blend.

Yes, dearer far thy dust than all that e'er,Beneath the awarded crown of victory,Gilded the blown Olympic charioteer;Though lightly prized the ribboned parchments three,Yet collegisse juvat, I am gladThat here what colleging was mine I had,--It linked another tie, dear native town, with thee!

Nearer art thou than simply native earth,My dust with thine concedes a deeper tie;A closer claim thy soil may well put forth,Something of kindred more than sympathy;For in thy bounds I reverently laid awayThat blinding anguish of forsaken clay,That title I seemed to have in earth and sea and sky,

That portion of my life more choice to me(Though brief, yet in itself so round and whole)Than all the imperfect residue can be;--The Artist saw his statue of the soulWas perfect; so, with one regretful stroke,The earthen model into fragments broke,And without her the impoverished seasons roll.

Words in this poem 76
falter v. t.
To thrash in the chaff; also, to cleanse or sift, as barley.
shimmer v. i.
To shine with a tremulous or intermittent light; to shine faintly; to gleam; to glisten; to glimmer. [OE. schimeren, AS. scimerian; akin to scimian, sciman, to glitter, D. schemeren, G. schimmern, Dan. skimre, Sw. skimra, AS. scima a light, brightness, Icel. ski]
hebe n.
The goddess of youth, daughter of Jupiter and Juno. She was believed to have the power of restoring youth and beauty to those who had lost them. [L., fr. Gr. "h`bh youth, "H`bh Hebe.]
wealth n.
Weal; welfare; prosperity; good. [OE. welthe, from wele; cf. D. weelde luxury. See Weal prosperity.]
reverie n.
A loose or irregular train of thought occurring in musing or mediation; deep musing; daydream. [F. réverie, fr. rêver to dream, rave, be light-headed. Cf. Rave.]
hazy a.
Thick with haze; somewhat obscured with haze; not clear or transparent. [From Haze, n.]
embay v. t.
To bathe; to soothe or lull as by bathing. [Pref. em- + bay to bathe.]
chickadee n.
A small bird, the blackcap titmouse (Parus atricapillus), of North America; -- named from its note.
gleaning n.
The act of gathering after reapers; that which is collected by gleaning.
ruth n.
Sorrow for the misery of another; pity; tenderness. [From Rue, v.: cf. Icel. hryggedh, hrygedh.]
went n.
Course; way; path; journey; direction.
dimly adv.
In a dim or obscure manner; not brightly or clearly; with imperfect sight.
throb v. i.
To beat, or pulsate, with more than usual force or rapidity; to beat in consequence of agitation; to palpitate; -- said of the heart, pulse, etc. [OE. ; of uncertain origin; cf. Russ. trepete a trembling, and E. trepidation.]
shingly a.
Abounding with shingle, or gravel.
fastness n.
The state of being fast and firm; firmness; fixedness; security; faithfulness. [AS. fæstnes, fr. fæst fast. See Fast, a.]
streaming a.
Sending forth streams.
drowse v. i.
To sleep imperfectly or unsoundly; to slumber; to be heavy with sleepiness; to doze. [AS. dr, dr, to sink, become slow or inactive; cf. OD. droosen to be sleepy, fall asleep, LG. dr, druusken, to slumber, fall down with a noise; prob, akin to AS.]
sachem n.
A chief of a tribe of the American Indians; a sagamore.
flare v. i.
To burn with an unsteady or waving flame; as, the candle flares. [Cf. Norw. flara to blaze, flame, adorn with tinsel, dial. Sw. flasa upp, and E. flash, or flacker.]
betrayal n.
The act or the result of betraying.
sunshine n.
The light of the sun, or the place where it shines; the direct rays of the sun, the place where they fall, or the warmth and light which they give.
sadly adv.
Wearily; heavily; firmly.
skirting n.
A skirting board.
unkempt a.
Not combed; disheveled; as, an urchin with unkempt hair. [Pref. un- not + kempt, p. p. of kemb.]
topple v. i.
To fall forward; to pitch or tumble down. [From Top summit.]
nether a.
Situated down or below; lying beneath, or in the lower part; having a lower position; belonging to the region below; lower; under; -- opposed to upper. [OE. nethere, neithere, AS. ni, fr. the adv. ni downward; akin to neo below, beneath, D. neder down, G. nieder, Sw. nedre below, nether, a. & adv., and also to S]
seaward a.
Directed or situated toward the sea. Donne.
largesse n.
Liberality; generosity; bounty. [F. largesse, fr. large. See Large, a.]
unseen a.
Not seen or discovered.
witching a.
That witches or enchants; suited to enchantment or witchcraft; bewitching.
blithesome a.
Cheery; gay; merry.
nooning n.
A rest at noon; a repast at noon.
meanwhile n.
The intervening time; as, in the meantime (or mean time).
bobolink n.
An American singing bird (Dolichonyx oryzivorus). The male is black and white; the female is brown; -- called also, ricebird, reedbird, and Boblincoln.
brink n.
The edge, margin, or border of a steep place, as of a precipice; a bank or edge, as of a river or pit; a verge; a border; as, the brink of a chasm. Also Fig. [Dan. brink edge, verge; akin to Sw. brink declivity, hill, Icel. brekka; cf. LG. brink a grassy hill, W. bryn hill, bryncyn hillock.]
demurely adv.
In a demure manner; soberly; gravely; -- now, commonly, with a mere show of gravity or modesty.
zest n.
A piece of orange or lemon peel, or the aromatic oil which may be squeezed from such peel, used to give flavor to liquor, etc. [F. zeste, probably fr. L. schistos split, cleft, divided, Gr. Schism.]
loath a.
Hateful; odious; disliked. [OE. looth, loth, AS. la hostile, odious; akin to OS. l, G. leid, Icel. lei, Sw. led, G. leiden to suffer, OHG. lidan to suffer, go, cf. AS. li to go, Goth. leip]
morn n.
The first part of the day; the morning; -- used chiefly in poetry. [OE. morwen, morgen, AS. morgen; akin to D. morgen, OS. morgan, G. morgen, Icel. morginn, morgunn, Sw. morgon, Dan. morgen, Goth. maúrgins. Cf. Morrow, Morning.]
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
limbed a.
Having limbs; -- much used in composition; as, large-limbed; short-limbed.
frostily adv.
In a frosty manner.
vying
a. & n. from Vie.
breathless a.
Spent with labor or violent action; out of breath.
enchanted a.
Under the power of enchantment; possessed or exercised by enchanters; as, an enchanted castle.
midway n.
The middle of the way or distance; a middle way or course.
aslant adv.
Toward one side; in a slanting direction; obliquely. [Pref. a- + slant.]
gaunt a.
Attenuated, as with fasting or suffering; lean; meager; pinched and grim. [Cf. Norw. gand a thin pointed stick, a tall and thin man, and W. gwan weak.]
tyrannous a.
Tyrannical; arbitrary; unjustly severe; despotic. Sir P.
dreary a.
Sorrowful; distressful. [OE. dreori, dreri, AS. dreórig, sad; akin to G. traurig, and prob. to AS. dreósan to fall, Goth. driusan. Cf. Dross, Drear, Drizzle, Drowse.]
desolation n.
The act of desolating or laying waste; destruction of inhabitants; depopulation. [F. désolation, L. desolatio.]
edgewise adv.
With the edge towards anything; in the direction of the edge.
druid n.
One of an order of priests which in ancient times existed among certain branches of the Celtic race, especially among the Gauls and Britons. [L. Druides; of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. & Gael. draoi, druidh, magician, Druid, W. derwydd Druid.]
stonehenge n.
An assemblage of upright stones with others placed horizontally on their tops, on Salisbury Plain, England, -- generally supposed to be the remains of an ancient Druidical temple.
sullen a.
Lonely; solitary; desolate. Wyclif (Job iii. 14). [OE. solein, solain, lonely, sullen; through Old French fr. (assumed) LL. solanus solitary, fr. L. solus alone. See Sole, a.]
crunch v. i.
To chew with force and noise; to craunch. [Prob. of imitative origin; or cf. D. schransen to eat heartily, or E. scrunch.]
pictured a.
Furnished with pictures; represented by a picture or pictures; as, a pictured scene.
cooler n.
That which cools, or abates heat or excitement.
chaise n.
A two-wheeled carriage for two persons, with a calash top, and the body hung on leather straps, or thoroughbraces. It is usually drawn by one horse. [F. chaise seat, or chair, chaise or carriage, for chaire, from a peculiar Parisian pronunciation. See Chair.]
dwell v. i.
To delay; to linger. [OE. dwellen, dwelien, to err, linger, AS. dwellan to deceive, hinder, delay, dwelian to err; akin to Icel. dvelja to delay, tarry, Sw. dväljas to dwell, Dan. dv]
coptic a.
Of or pertaining to the Copts. [Abbrev. from L. Aegyptius an Egyprian, Gr. kibti, pl. kibt.]
undine n.
One of a class of fabled female water spirits who might receive a human soul by intermarrying with a mortal. [G. undine, or F. ondin, ondine, from L. unda a wave, water.]
blacksmith n.
A smith who works in iron with a forge, and makes iron utensils, horseshoes, etc. [Black (in allusion to the color of the metal) + smith. Cf. Whitesmith.]
oust v. t.
To take away; to remove. [OF. oster, F. ôter, prob. fr. L. obstare to oppose, hence, to forbid, take away. See Obstacle, and cf. Ouster.]
smithy n.
The workshop of a smith, esp. a blacksmith; a smithery; a stithy. [AS. smi, fr. smi; akin to D. smidse, smids, OHG. smitta, G. schmiede, Icel. smi. See Smith, n.]
beehive n.
A hive for a swarm of bees. Also used figuratively.
pent p. p.
Penned or shut up; confined; -- often with up. [From Pen, v. t.]
voluminous a.
Of or pertaining to volume or volumes. Specifically: -- (a) Consisting of many folds, coils, or convolutions. [L. voluminosus: cf. F. volumineux.]
choking a.
That chokes; producing the feeling of strangulation.
westering a.
Passing to the west.
charioteer n.
One who drives a chariot.
closer n.
One who, or that which, closes; specifically, a boot closer. See under Boot.
reverently adv.
In a reverent manner; in respectful regard.
artist n.
One who practices some mechanic art or craft; an artisan. [F. artiste, LL. artista, fr. L. ars. See Art, n., and cf. Artiste.]
regretful a.
Full of regret; indulging in regrets; repining.
broke v. i.
To transact business for another. Brome. [See Broker, and cf. Brook.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

An Indian-Summer Reverie is in the public domain. This text is taken from Poems of James Russell Lowell With biographical sketch by Nathan Haskell Dole, Project Gutenberg ebook #38520; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: James Russell Lowell, An Indian-Summer Reverie, in Poems (1844–1888), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #38520, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/lowell-james-russell-poems/an-indian-summer-reverie.html, id L13707.

Form and metre

An Indian-Summer Reverie is 280 lines in 40 stanzas of 7 lines each. The rhyme scheme is ABABCCB, complete in 28 of its 40 stanzas. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 86%). 93% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 10.3 syllables. 19 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 17% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in iambic pentameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 ABABCCB onA · airB · goneA · bareB · fillsC · hillsC · hairB
  2. 2 A-ABCCB apartA · poverty · heartA · meB · steepC · sleepC · treeB
  3. 3 ABABCCB degreesA · armsB · distancesA · charmsB · embayC · awayC · farmsB
  4. 4 -A-ABBA chickadee · leavesA · memory · sheavesA · eyeB · byB · receivesA
  5. 5 ABABCCB cornA · matesB · borneA · straitsB · flailsC · sailsC · waitsB
  6. 6 ABABCCB nowA · cheerB · boughA · earB · boundC · undergroundC · atmosphereB
  7. 7 ABABCCB shadowsA · callB · meadowsA · fallB · treeC · beC · allB
  8. 8 ABAB--B treesA · retrievesB · gentilitiesA · leavesB · on · sun · cleavesB
  9. 9 ABABCCB wraptA · whitesB · laptA · sightsB · replaceC · traceC · rightsB
  10. 10 ABABCCB lostA · dryB · frostA · skyB · goldC · oldC · eyeB
  11. 11 -A-ABBA forgivingly · hushA · sea · flushA · blazeB · daysB · brushA
  12. 12 ABABCCB zoneA · intertwineB · stoneA · fineB · weavesC · leavesC · shineB
  13. 13 ---ABBA boundary · foot · eye · shootA · aspiresB · firesB · muteA
  14. 14 ABABCCB skyA · betweenB · byA · screenB · beyondC · pondC · greenB
  15. 15 ABAB--B sightA · shareB · lightA · bareB · free · variety · rareB
  16. 16 ABABCCB greenA · feetB · unseenA · meetB · crowdC · cloudC · fleetB
  17. 17 ABABCCB edgeA · tideB · sedgeA · slideB · sunC · runC · glideB
  18. 18 ABABCCB seeA · passB · kneeA · grassB · ringC · singC · brassB
  19. 19 ABABCCB bobolinkA · stopsB · brinkA · dropsB · providesC · besidesC · cropsB
  20. 20 ABA-CCB fallA · tintsB · allA · glints · acrossC · lossC · printsB
  21. 21 ABABCCB zestA · thrillB · westA · fillB · fadeC · shadeC · hillB
  22. 22 ABABCCB shutsA · gratesB · rutsA · awaitsB · fireC · desireC · skatesB
  23. 23 ABABCCB brightA · frailB · nightA · prevailB · dayC · awayC · mailB
  24. 24 ABABCCB riverA · sideB · shiverA · deniedB · crowC · belowC · tideB
  25. 25 -A-ABBA three · ringA · immovably · vanishingA · flowB · snowB · everythingA
  26. 26 ABABCCB windA · dayB · blindA · playB · leeC · seaC · midwayB
  27. 27 ABABCCB aslantA · plainsB · gauntA · veinsB · frostC · tostC · reignsB
  28. 28 ABABCCB deviceA · bareB · iceA · despairB · stiffC · cliffC · thereB
  29. 29 ABABCCB scenesA · liesB · intervenesA · dyesB · nighC · skyC · eyesB
  30. 30 -A-ABBA me · seenA · history · greenA · defiesB · factoriesB · sceneA
  31. 31 ABABCCB flowA · windB · agoA · mindB · grayC · awayC · blindB
  32. 32 ABABCCB swellA · chaiseB · dwellA · praiseB · divideC · diedC · gazeB
  33. 33 ABABCCB seenA · allB · mienA · callB · fameC · cameC · tallB
  34. 34 ABABCCB glowA · pastB · agoA · blastB · seeC · treeC · vastB
  35. 35 A-A-BB- throneA · — · blownA · increase · downB · brownB · bees
  36. 36 ABABCCB yearA · grayB · dearA · dayB · burnsC · turnsC · awayB
  37. 37 ABABCCB fewA · endB · drewA · sendB · threadC · redC · blendB
  38. 38 A-ABCCB e'erA · victory · charioteerA · threeB · gladC · hadC · theeB
  39. 39 -A--BBA earth · tieA · forth · sympathy · awayB · clayB · skyA
  40. 40 ABABCCB meA · wholeB · beA · soulB · strokeC · brokeC · rollB
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
What visionary tints the year puts on,10·/˘·˘·····
When falling leaves falter through motionless air10·/˘·/˘·/˘·
Or numbly cling and shiver to be gone!10·····/˘···
How shimmer the low flats and pastures bare,10·/˘····/˘·
As with her nectar Hebe Autumn fills9···/˘·/˘·
The bowl between me and those distant hills,10·······/˘·
And smiles and shakes abroad her misty, tremulous hair!12····˘/·/˘/˘·
No more the landscape holds its wealth apart.10···/····˘/
Making me poorer in my poverty,10/˘·/˘··/˘˘
But mingles with my senses and my heart;10·/˘··/˘···
My own projected spirit seems to me10··˘/˘/˘···
In her own reverie the world to steep;10···/˘˘····
'Tis she that waves to sympathetic sleep,10······˘/˘·
Moving, as she is moved, each field and hill, and tree.12/˘··········
How fuse and mix, with what unfelt degrees,10········˘/
Clasped by the faint horizon's languid arms,10····˘/˘/˘·
Each into each, the hazy distances!10·····/˘/˘˘
The softened season all the landscape charms;10·/˘/˘··/··
Those hills, my native village that embay,10···/˘/˘·˘/
In waves of dreamier purple roll away,10·····/˘·˘/
And floating in mirage seem all the glimmering farms.12·/˘·˘/···/˘·
Far distant sounds the hidden chickadee10·/˘··/˘/˘˘
Close at my side; far distant sound the leaves;10·····/˘···
The fields seem fields of dream, where Memory10·······/˘˘
Wanders like gleaning Ruth; and as the sheaves10/˘·/˘·····
Of wheat and barley wavered in the eye10···/˘/˘···
Of Boaz as the maiden's glow went by,10·/˘··/˘···
So tremble and seem remote all things the sense receives.13·/˘··˘/····˘/
The cock's shrill trump that tells of scattered corn,10·······/˘·
Passed breezily on by all his flapping mates,11········/˘·
Faint and more faint, from barn to barn is borne,10··········
Southward, perhaps to far Magellan's Straits;10/˘˘/··˘/˘·
Dimly I catch the throb of distant flails;10/˘·····/˘·
Silently overhead the henhawk sails,10/˘˘/˘/····
With watchful, measuring eye, and for his quarry waits.12·/˘/˘····/˘·
The sobered robin, hunger-silent now,10·/˘/˘/˘/˘·
Seeks cedar-berries blue, his autumn cheer;10·/˘/˘··/˘·
The squirrel on the shingly shagbark's bough,10·/˘··/˘···
Now saws, now lists with downward eye and ear,10·····/˘···
Then drops his nut, and, with a chipping bound,10·······/˘·
Whisks to his winding fastness underground;10···/˘/˘/˘·
The clouds like swans drift down the streaming atmosphere.12·······/˘/˘·
O'er yon bare knoll the pointed cedar shadows11·····/˘/˘/·
Drowse on the crisp, gray moss; the ploughman's call10··········
Creeps faint as smoke from black, fresh-furrowed meadows;11·······/˘/·
The single crow a single caw lets fall;10·/˘··/˘···
And all around me every bush and tree10·····/˘···
Says Autumn 's here, and Winter soon will be11·/˘···/˘···
Who snows his soft, white sleep and silence over all.11·······/˘··
The birch, most shy and lady-like of trees,10·····/˘···
Her poverty, as best she may, retrieves,10·/˘˘····˘/
And hints at her foregone gentilities10····//˘/˘˘
With some saved relics of her wealth of leaves;10···/˘·····
The swamp-oak, with his royal purple on,10·····/˘/˘·
Glares red as blood across the sinking sun,10····˘/·/˘·
As one who proudlier to a falling fortune cleaves.12·······/˘/˘·
He looks a sachem, in red blanket wrapt,10···/˘··/˘·
Who, mid some council of the sad-garbed whites,10···/˘·····
Erect and stern, in his own memories lapt,10˘/·····/˘·
With distant eye broods over other sights,10·/˘····/˘·
Sees the hushed wood the city's flare replace,10·····/˘··/
The wounded turf heal o'er the railway's trace,10·/˘····/··
And roams the savage Past of his undwindled rights.11···/˘······
The red-oak, softer-grained, yields all for lost,10···/˘·····
And, with his crumpled foliage stiff and dry,10···/˘/˘···
After the first betrayal of the frost,10····˘/˘···
Rebuffs the kiss of the relenting sky;10˘/····˘/˘·
The chestnuts, lavish of their long-hid gold,10·/˘/˘·····
To the faint Summer, beggared now and old,10···/˘/˘···
Pour back the sunshine hoarded 'neath her favoring eye.12···/·/˘··/˘·
The ash her purple drops forgivingly10···/˘·····
And sadly, breaking not the general hush;10·/˘/˘··/˘·
The maple-swamps glow like a sunset sea,10·/˘····/··
Each leaf a ripple with its separate flush;11···/˘··/˘··
All round the wood's edge creeps the skirting blaze10·······/˘·
Of bushes low, as when, on cloudy days,10·/˘····/˘·
Ere the rain falls, the cautious farmer burns his brush.12·····/˘/˘···
O'er yon low wall, which guards one unkempt zone,10·······˘/·
Where vines, and weeds, and scrub-oaks intertwine10·······˘˘/
Safe from the plough, whose rough, discordant stone10······˘/˘·
Is massed to one soft gray by lichens fine,10·······/˘·
The tangled blackberry, crossed and recrossed, weaves11·/˘/·˘··˘/·
A prickly network of ensanguined leaves;10·/˘/······
Hard by, with coral beads, the prim black-alders shine.12···/˘····/˘·
Pillaring with flame this crumbling boundary,11/˘···/˘˘/˘˘
Whose loose blocks topple 'neath the ploughboy's foot,10···/˘·····
Who, with each sense shut fast except the eye,10··········
Creeps close and scares the jay he hoped to shoot,10··········
The woodbine up the elm's straight stem aspires.11·/˘·····˘/˘
Coiling it, harmless, with autumnal fires;11/˘·/˘·˘/˘/˘
In the ivy's paler blaze the martyr oak stands mute.13··/˘····/˘···
Below, the Charles--a stripe of nether sky,10·······/˘·
Now hid by rounded apple-trees between,10···/˘/˘···
Whose gaps the misplaced sail sweeps bellying by,10···˘/··/˘·
Now flickering golden through a woodland screen,10·/˘/˘··/··
Then spreading out at his next turn beyond,10·/˘·······
A silver circle like an inland pond--10·/˘/˘··/··
Slips seaward silently through marshes purple and green.12·/˘/˘·/˘/˘··
Dear marshes! vain to him the gift of sight10·/˘·······
Who cannot in their various incomes share,10·/˘··/˘/··
From every season drawn, of shade and light,10·/˘/˘·····
Who sees in them but levels brown and bare;10·····/˘···
Each change of storm or sunshine scatters free10·····/·/˘·
On them its largesse of variety,10···˘/·˘/˘˘
For nature with cheap means still works her wonders rare.12·/˘······/˘·
In Spring they lie one broad expanse of green,10······˘/··
O'er which the light winds run with glimmering feet;10·······/˘·
Here, yellower stripes track out the creek unseen,10·/˘·····˘/
There, darker growths o'er hidden ditches meet;10·/˘··/˘/˘·
And purpler stains show where the blossoms crowd,10·······/˘·
As if the silent shadow of a cloud10···/˘/····
Hung there becalmed, with the next breath to fleet.10··˘/······
All round, upon the river's slippery edge,10·····/˘/˘·
Witching to deeper calm the drowsy tide,10/˘·/˘··/˘·
Whispers and leans the breeze-entangling sedge;10/˘····˘/˘·
Through emerald glooms the lingering waters slide,10·/˘··/˘/˘·
Or, sometimes wavering, throw back the sun,10·/·/˘˘····
And the stiff banks in eddies melt and run10·····/˘···
Of dimpling light, and with the current seem to glide.12·/˘····/˘···
In Summer 'tis a blithesome sight to see,10·/˘··/˘···
As, step by step, with measured swing, they pass,10·····/˘···
The wide-ranked mowers wading to the knee,10···/˘/˘···
Their sharp scythes panting through the thick-set grass;10···/˘·····
Then, stretched beneath a rick's shade in a ring,10··········
Their nooning take, while one begins to sing10·/˘···˘/··
A stave that droops and dies 'neath the close sky of brass.12············
Meanwhile the devil-may-care, the bobolink,11/··/˘···/˘˘
Remembering duty, in mid-quaver stops10˘/˘/˘··/˘·
Just ere he sweeps o'er rapture's tremulous brink,10·····/˘/˘·
And 'twixt the winrows most demurely drops,10······˘/˘·
A decorous bird of business, who provides10·/˘··/˘·˘/
For his brown mate and fledglings six besides,10·····/˘·˘/
And looks from right to left, a farmer mid his crops.12·······/˘···
Another change subdues them in the Fall,10˘/˘·˘/····
But saddens not; they still show merrier tints,10·/˘····/˘·
Though sober russet seems to cover all;10·/˘/˘··/˘·
When the first sunshine through their dew-drops glints,10···/······
Look how the yellow clearness, streamed across,10···/˘/˘·˘/
Redeems with rarer hues the season's loss,10˘/·/˘··/˘·
As Dawn's feet there had touched and left their rosy prints.12·········/˘·
Or come when sunset gives its freshened zest,10···/···/˘·
Lean o'er the bridge and let the ruddy thrill,10·······/˘·
While the shorn sun swells down the hazy west,10·······/˘·
Glow opposite;--the marshes drink their fill10·/˘˘·/˘···
And swoon with purple veins, then slowly fade10···/˘··/˘·
Through pink to brown, as eastward moves the shade,10·····/˘···
Lengthening with stealthy creep, of Simond's darkening hill.12/˘·/˘··/˘/˘·
Later, and yet ere Winter wholly shuts,10/˘···/˘/˘·
Ere through the first dry snow the runner grates,10·······/˘·
And the loath cart-wheel screams in slippery ruts,10·······/˘·
While firmer ice the eager boy awaits,10·/˘··/˘·˘/
Trying each buckle and strap beside the fire,11/˘·/˘··˘/·/
And until bed-time plays with his desire,11········˘/˘
Twenty times putting on and off his new-bought skates;--12/˘·/˘·······
Then, every morn, the river's banks shine bright10·/˘··/˘···
With smooth plate-armor, treacherous and frail,10···/˘/˘˘··
By the frost's clinking hammers forged at night,10···/˘/˘···
'Gainst which the lances of the sun prevail,10···/˘···˘/
Giving a pretty emblem of the day10/˘·/˘/˘···
When guiltier arms in light shall melt away,10········˘/
And states shall move free-limbed, loosed from war's cramping mail.12·········/˘·
And now those waterfalls the ebbing river11···/˘··/˘/˘
Twice every day creates on either side10·/˘·˘/·/˘·
Tinkle, as through their fresh-sparred grots they shiver11/˘·······/˘
In grass-arched channels to the sun denied;10···/˘···˘/
High flaps in sparkling blue the far-heard crow,10···/˘·····
The silvered flats gleam frostily below,10·/˘··/˘˘··
Suddenly drops the gull and breaks the glassy tide.11/˘······/˘·
But, crowned in turn by vying seasons three,10·····/˘/˘·
Their winter halo hath a fuller ring;10·/˘/˘··/˘·
This glory seems to rest immovably,--10·/˘···˘/˘˘
The others were too fleet and vanishing;10·/˘····/˘˘
When the hid tide is at its highest flow,10·······/˘·
O'er marsh and stream one breathless trance of snow10·····/˘···
With brooding fulness awes and hushes everything.12·/˘/˘··/˘/˘·
The sunshine seems blown off by the bleak wind,10·/········
As pale as formal candles lit by day;10···/˘/˘···
Gropes to the sea the river dumb and blind;10·····/˘···
The brown ricks, snow-thatched by the storm in play,10··········
Show pearly breakers combing o'er their lee,10·/˘/˘/˘···
White crests as of some just enchanted sea,10······˘/˘·
Checked in their maddest leap and hanging poised midway.12···/˘··/˘·/·
But when the eastern blow, with rain aslant,10···/˘···˘/
From mid-sea's prairies green and rolling plains10···/˘··/˘·
Drives in his wallowing herds of billows gaunt,10···/˘··/˘·
And the roused Charles remembers in his veins10····˘/˘···
Old Ocean's blood and snaps his gyves of frost,10·/˘·······
That tyrannous silence on the shores is tost11·/˘˘/˘·····
In dreary wreck, and crumbling desolation reigns.12·/˘··/˘·˘/˘·
Edgewise or flat, in Druid-like device,10/····/˘·˘/
With leaden pools between or gullies bare,10·/˘····/˘·
The blocks lie strewn, a bleak Stonehenge of ice;10······/···
No life, no sound, to break the grim despair,10········˘/
Save sullen plunge, as through the sedges stiff10·/˘····/˘·
Down crackles riverward some thaw-sapped cliff,10·/˘·······
Or when the close-wedged fields of ice crunch here and there.12············
But let me turn from fancy-pictured scenes10·····/˘/˘·
To that whose pastoral calm before me lies:10···/˘·····
Here nothing harsh or rugged intervenes;10·/˘··/˘·˘/
The early evening with her misty dyes10·/˘/˘··/˘·
Smooths off the ravelled edges of the nigh,10···/˘/˘···
Relieves the distant with her cooler sky,10˘/·/˘··/˘·
And tones the landscape down, and soothes the wearied eyes.12···/·····/˘·
There gleams my native village, dear to me,10···/˘/˘···
Though higher change's waves each day are seen,10·/˘/˘·····
Whelming fields famed in boyhood's history,10·····/·/˘˘
Sanding with houses the diminished green;10/˘·/˘·˘/˘·
There, in red brick, which softening time defies,10·····/˘·˘/
Stand square and stiff the Muses' factories;--10·····/˘/˘˘
How with my life knit up is every well-known scene!12·······/˘···
Flow on, dear river! not alone you flow10···/˘·˘/··
To outward sight, and through your marshes wind;10·/˘····/˘·
Fed from the mystic springs of long-ago,10···/˘···˘/
Your twin flows silent through my world of mind:10···/˘·····
Grow dim, dear marshes, in the evening's gray!10···/˘··/˘·
Before my inner sight ye stretch away,10···/˘···˘/
And will forever, though these fleshly eyes grow blind.12··˘/˘··/˘···
Beyond that hillock's house-bespotted swell,10···/˘·····
Where Gothic chapels house the horse and chaise,10·/˘/˘·····
Where quiet cits in Grecian temples dwell,10·/˘··/˘/˘·
Where Coptic tombs resound with prayer and praise,10·/˘··/····
Where dust and mud the equal year divide,10·····/˘·˘/
There gentle Allston lived, and wrought, and died,10·/˘/˘·····
Transfiguring street and shop with his illumined gaze.13·········˘/˘·
Virgilium vidi tantum,--I have seen10··········
But as a boy, who looks alike on all,10······˘/··
That misty hair, that fine Undine-like mien,10·/˘···/···
Tremulous as down to feeling's faintest call;--10/˘···/˘/˘·
Ah, dear old homestead! count it to thy fame10···/······
That thither many times the Painter came;--10·/˘/˘··/˘·
One elm yet bears his name, a feathery tree and tall.12·······/˘···
Swiftly the present fades in memory's glow,--10/˘·/˘··/˘·
Our only sure possession is the past;10//˘·˘/˘···
The village blacksmith died a month ago,10·/˘/····˘/
And dim to me the forge's roaring blast;10·····/˘/˘·
Soon fire-new mediævals we shall see10·/˘·······
Oust the black smithy from its chestnut tree,10···/˘··/··
And that hewn down, perhaps, the beehive green and vast.12····˘/·/····
How many times, prouder than king on throne,10·/˘·/˘····
Loosed from the village school-dame's A's and B's,10···/˘·····
Panting have I the creaky bellows blown,10/˘···/˘/˘·
And watched the pent volcano's red increase,10····˘/˘·˘/
Then paused to see the ponderous sledge, brought down10·····/˘···
By that hard arm voluminous and brown,10····˘/˘˘··
From the white iron swarm its golden vanishing bees.11···/··/˘/˘·
Dear native town! whose choking elms each year10·/˘··/˘···
With eddying dust before their time turn gray,10·/˘·······
Pining for rain,--to me thy dust is dear;10/˘········
It glorifies the eve of summer day,10·/˘····/˘·
And when the westering sun half-sunken burns,10···/˘··/˘·
The mote-thick air to deepest orange turns,10·····/˘/˘·
The westward horseman rides through clouds of gold away,12·/˘/˘·····˘/
So palpable, I've seen those unshorn few,10·/˘˘······
The six old willows at the causey's end,10···/···/˘·
(Such trees Paul Potter never dreamed nor drew,)10···/˘/˘···
Through this dry mist their checkering shadows send,10·····/˘/··
Striped, here and there, with many a long-drawn thread,10·····/····
Where streamed through leafy chinks the trembling red,10···/˘··/˘·
Past which, in one bright trail, the hangbird's flashes blend.12·········/˘·
Yes, dearer far thy dust than all that e'er,10·/˘·······
Beneath the awarded crown of victory,11···˘/˘··/˘˘
Gilded the blown Olympic charioteer;10/˘··˘/˘···
Though lightly prized the ribboned parchments three,10·/˘··/˘/˘·
Yet collegisse juvat, I am glad9·········
That here what colleging was mine I had,--10···/˘˘····
It linked another tie, dear native town, with thee!12··˘/˘··/˘···
Nearer art thou than simply native earth,10/˘···/˘/˘·
My dust with thine concedes a deeper tie;10····˘/·/˘·
A closer claim thy soil may well put forth,10·/˘·······
Something of kindred more than sympathy;10/˘·/˘··/˘˘
For in thy bounds I reverently laid away10·····/˘·˘/
That blinding anguish of forsaken clay,10·/˘/˘·˘/˘·
That title I seemed to have in earth and sea and sky,13·/˘··········
That portion of my life more choice to me10·/˘·······
(Though brief, yet in itself so round and whole)10····˘/····
Than all the imperfect residue can be;--11···˘/˘/˘···
The Artist saw his statue of the soul10·/˘··/····
Was perfect; so, with one regretful stroke,10·/····˘/˘·
The earthen model into fragments broke,10·/˘/˘··/˘·
And without her the impoverished seasons roll.11·····˘/˘/˘·

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

More by James Russell Lowell