Reads
"Whether angels in moving from place to placePass through the intermediate space.Whether God himself is the author of evil,Or whether that is the work of the Devil.When, where, and wherefore Lucifer fell,And whether he now is chained in hell."I think I can answer that question well!So long as the boastful human mindConsents in such mills as this to grind,I sit very firmly upon my throne!Of a truth it almost makes me laugh,To see men leaving the golden grainTo gather in piles the pitiful chaffThat old Peter Lombard thrashed with his brain,To have it caught up and tossed againOn the horns of the Dumb Ox of Cologne!
But my guests approach! there is in the airA fragrance, like that of the Beautiful GardenOf Paradise, in the days that were!An odor of innocence and of prayer,And of love, and faith that never fails,Such as the fresh young heart exhalesBefore it begins to wither and harden!I cannot breathe such an atmosphere!My soul is filled with a nameless fear,That after all my trouble and pain,After all my restless endeavor,The youngest, fairest soul of the twain,The most ethereal, most divine,Will escape from my hands for ever and ever.But the other is already mine!Let him live to corrupt his race,Breathing among them, with every breath,Weakness, selfishness, and the baseAnd pusillanimous fear of death.I know his nature, and I knowThat of all who in my ministryWander the great earth to and fro,And on my errands come and go,The safest and subtlest are such as he.
Can you direct us to Friar Angelo?
He stands before you.
Then you know our purpose.I am Prince Henry of Hoheneck, and thisThe maiden that I spake of in my letters.
It is a very grave and solemn business!We must nor be precipitate. Does sheWithout compulsion, of her own free will,Consent to this?
Against all opposition,Against all prayers, entreaties, protestations,She will not be persuaded.
That is strange!Have you thought well of it?
I come not hereTo argue, but to die. Your business is notTo question, but to kill me. I am ready,I am impatient to be gone from hereEre any thoughts of earth disturb againThe spirit of tranquillity within me.
Would I had not come here! Would I were dead,And thou wert in thy cottage in the forest,And hadst not known me! Why have I done this?Let me go back and die.
It cannot be;Not if these cold, flat stones on which we treadWere coulters heated white, and yonder gatewayFlamed like a furnace with a sevenfold heat.I must fulfil my purpose.
I forbid it!Not one step further. For I only meantTo put thus far thy courage to the proof.It is enough. I, too, have strength to die,For thou hast taught me!
O my Prince! rememberYour promises. Let me fulfil my errand.You do not look on life and death as I do.There are two angels, that attend unseenEach one of us, and in great books recordOur good and evil deeds. He who writes downThe good ones, after every action closesHis volume, and ascends with it to God.The other keeps his dreadful day-book openTill sunset, that we may repent; which doing,The record of the action fades away,And leaves a line of white across the page.Now if my act be good, as I believe,It cannot be recalled. It is alreadySealed up in heaven, as a good deed accomplished.The rest is yours. Why wait you? I am ready.
To her attendants.Weep not, my friends! rather rejoice with me.I shall not feel the pain, but shall be gone,And you will have another friend in heaven.Then start not at the creaking of the doorThrough which I pass. I see what lies beyond it.
To PRINCE HENRY.And you, O Prince! bear back my benisonUnto my father's house, and all within it.This morning in the church I prayed for them,After confession, after absolution,When my whole soul was white, I prayed for them.God will take care of them, they need me not.And in your life let my remembrance linger,As something not to trouble and disturb it,But to complete it, adding life to life.And if at times beside the evening fire,You see my face among the other faces,Let it not be regarded as a ghostThat haunts your house, but as a guest that loves you.Nay, even as one of your own family,Without whose presence there were something wanting.I have no more to say. Let us go in.
Friar Angelo! I charge you on your life,Believe not what she says, for she is mad,And comes here not to die, but to be healed.
Words in this poem 15
- wherefore adv.
- For which reason; so; -- used relatively. [Where + for.]
- lombard a.
- Of or pertaining to Lombardy, or the inhabitants of Lombardy.
- cologne n.
- A perfumed liquid, composed of alcohol and certain aromatic oils, used in the toilet; -- called also cologne water and eau de cologne. [Originally made in Cologne, the French name of Köln, a city in Germany.]
- nameless a.
- Without a name; not having been given a name; as, a nameless star.
- twain a.
- Two;- nearly obsolete in common discourse, but used in poetry and burlesque. [OE. twein, tweien, tweyne, AS. twegen, masc. See Two.]
- pusillanimous a.
- Destitute of a manly or courageous strength and firmness of mind; of weak spirit; mean-spirited; spiritless; cowardly; -- said of persons, as, a pussillanimous prince. [L. pusillannimis; pusillus very little (dim. of pusus a little boy; cf. puer a boy, E. puerile) + animus the mind: cf. F. pusillanime. See Animosity.]
- yonder adv.
- At a distance, but within view. [OE. yonder, ýonder; cf. OD. ginder, Goth. jaindr there. Yond, adv.]
- sevenfold a.
- Repeated seven times; having seven thicknesses; increased to seven times the size or amount.
- hast
- , 2d pers. sing. pres. of. Fave, contr. of havest.
- unseen a.
- Not seen or discovered.
- dreadful a.
- Full of dread or terror; fearful.
- repent a.
- Prostrate and rooting; -- said of stems. Gray. [L. repens, -entis, creeping, p. pr. of repere to creep.]
- shall v. i.
- To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
- benison n.
- Blessing; beatitude; benediction. [OE. beneysun, benesoun, OF. beneï, beneïson, fr. L. benedictio, fr. benedicere to bless; bene (adv. of bonus good) + dicere to say. See Bounty, and Diction, and]
- ghost n.
- The spirit; the soul of man. [OE. gast, gost, soul, spirit, AS. gast breath, spirit, soul; akin to OS. g spirit, soul, D. geest, G. geist, and prob. to E. gaze, ghastly.]
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
Reads is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Complete Poetical Works of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Project Gutenberg ebook #1365; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Reads, in The Complete Poetical Works (1839–1882), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #1365, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/longfellow-poems/reads.html, id L17945.
Form and metre
Reads is 116 lines in 16 stanzas. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 82%). 92% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 9.4 syllables. 33 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 26% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.
See other poems in iambic pentameter.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Rhyme words, stanza by stanza
The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.
- 1 AABBBBBCCDEFEFFD placeA · spaceA · evilB · devilB · fellB · hellB · wellB · mindC · grindC · throneD · laughE · grainF · chaffE · brainF · againF · cologneD
- 2 AB-ACCBDDEFEGFGHIHIJ-JJ- airA · gardenB · were · prayerA · failsC · exhalesC · hardenB · atmosphereD · fearD · painE · endeavorF · twainE · divineG · everF · mineG · raceH · breathI · baseH · deathI · knowJ · ministry · froJ · goJ · he
- 5 AA- purposeA · thisA · letters
- 6 A--A businessA · she · will · thisA
- 9 A--A-- hereA · not · ready · hereA · again · me
- 12 ---AA it · meant · proof · dieA · meA
- 13 -----A--A----B-B remember · errand · do · unseen · record · downA · closes · god · openA · doing · away · page · believe · alreadyB · accomplished · readyB
- 14 --AA-- attendants · me · goneA · heavenA · door · it
- 15 --AB-B--A-------- henry · benison · itA · themB · absolution · themB · not · linger · itA · life · fire · faces · ghost · you · family · wanting · in
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| "Whether angels in moving from place to place | 11 | ··/˘·/˘···· |
| Pass through the intermediate space. | 9 | ····˘/˘˘· |
| Whether God himself is the author of evil, | 11 | ···˘/··/˘·/ |
| Or whether that is the work of the Devil. | 11 | ·········/˘ |
| When, where, and wherefore Lucifer fell, | 9 | ···/˘/˘˘· |
| And whether he now is chained in hell." | 10 | ·······˘·· |
| I think I can answer that question well! | 10 | ····/˘·/˘· |
| So long as the boastful human mind | 9 | ····/˘/˘· |
| Consents in such mills as this to grind, | 9 | ˘/······· |
| I sit very firmly upon my throne! | 10 | ··/˘/˘···· |
| Of a truth it almost makes me laugh, | 9 | ····/···· |
| To see men leaving the golden grain | 9 | ···/˘·/˘· |
| To gather in piles the pitiful chaff | 10 | ·/˘···/˘˘· |
| That old Peter Lombard thrashed with his brain, | 10 | ··/˘/˘···· |
| To have it caught up and tossed again | 10 | ·······˘˘/ |
| On the horns of the Dumb Ox of Cologne! | 10 | ········˘/ |
| But my guests approach! there is in the air | 10 | ···˘/····· |
| A fragrance, like that of the Beautiful Garden | 11 | ·/˘····/˘/˘ |
| Of Paradise, in the days that were! | 9 | ·/˘······ |
| An odor of innocence and of prayer, | 10 | ·/˘·/˘˘··· |
| And of love, and faith that never fails, | 9 | ······/˘· |
| Such as the fresh young heart exhales | 8 | ······˘/ |
| Before it begins to wither and harden! | 11 | ···˘/·/˘·/˘ |
| I cannot breathe such an atmosphere! | 9 | ·˘/···/˘· |
| My soul is filled with a nameless fear, | 10 | ····˘··/˘· |
| That after all my trouble and pain, | 9 | ·····/˘·· |
| After all my restless endeavor, | 9 | ····/˘˘/˘ |
| The youngest, fairest soul of the twain, | 9 | ·/˘/˘···· |
| The most ethereal, most divine, | 9 | ··˘/˘˘·˘/ |
| Will escape from my hands for ever and ever. | 11 | ·˘/····/·/˘ |
| But the other is already mine! | 9 | ··/˘·˘/˘· |
| Let him live to corrupt his race, | 8 | ····˘/·· |
| Breathing among them, with every breath, | 10 | /˘····/˘˘· |
| Weakness, selfishness, and the base | 8 | /˘/˘˘··· |
| And pusillanimous fear of death. | 9 | ·˘˘/˘˘··· |
| I know his nature, and I know | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| That of all who in my ministry | 9 | ······/˘˘ |
| Wander the great earth to and fro, | 8 | /˘······ |
| And on my errands come and go, | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| The safest and subtlest are such as he. | 10 | ·/˘·/˘···· |
| Can you direct us to Friar Angelo? | 10 | ··˘/··//˘· |
| He stands before you. | 5 | ····· |
| Then you know our purpose. | 7 | ···/˘/˘ |
| I am Prince Henry of Hoheneck, and this | 11 | ···/˘······ |
| The maiden that I spake of in my letters. | 11 | ·/˘······/˘ |
| It is a very grave and solemn business! | 11 | ···/˘··/˘/˘ |
| We must nor be precipitate. Does she | 10 | ····˘/˘··· |
| Without compulsion, of her own free will, | 10 | ··˘/˘····· |
| Consent to this? | 4 | ˘/·· |
| Against all opposition, | 7 | ····˘/˘ |
| Against all prayers, entreaties, protestations, | 11 | ····˘/˘··/˘ |
| She will not be persuaded. | 7 | ····˘/˘ |
| That is strange! | 3 | ··· |
| Have you thought well of it? | 6 | ······ |
| I come not here | 4 | ···· |
| To argue, but to die. Your business is not | 11 | ·/˘····/˘·· |
| To question, but to kill me. I am ready, | 11 | ·/˘······/˘ |
| I am impatient to be gone from here | 10 | ··˘/˘····· |
| Ere any thoughts of earth disturb again | 10 | ·/˘···˘/˘/ |
| The spirit of tranquillity within me. | 10 | ·/·˘/˘˘··· |
| Would I had not come here! Would I were dead, | 10 | ·········· |
| And thou wert in thy cottage in the forest, | 11 | ·····/˘··/˘ |
| And hadst not known me! Why have I done this? | 10 | ·········· |
| Let me go back and die. | 6 | ······ |
| It cannot be; | 4 | ·/˘· |
| Not if these cold, flat stones on which we tread | 10 | ·········· |
| Were coulters heated white, and yonder gateway | 11 | ·/˘/˘··/˘/· |
| Flamed like a furnace with a sevenfold heat. | 11 | ···/˘··/˘·· |
| I must fulfil my purpose. | 7 | ·····/˘ |
| I forbid it! | 4 | ·˘/· |
| Not one step further. For I only meant | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| To put thus far thy courage to the proof. | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| It is enough. I, too, have strength to die, | 10 | ··˘/······ |
| For thou hast taught me! | 5 | ····· |
| O my Prince! remember | 6 | ···˘/˘ |
| Your promises. Let me fulfil my errand. | 11 | ·/˘˘·····/˘ |
| You do not look on life and death as I do. | 11 | ··········· |
| There are two angels, that attend unseen | 10 | ···/˘·˘/˘/ |
| Each one of us, and in great books record | 10 | ········˘/ |
| Our good and evil deeds. He who writes down | 10 | /··/˘····· |
| The good ones, after every action closes | 11 | ·····/˘/˘/˘ |
| His volume, and ascends with it to God. | 10 | ·/˘·˘/···· |
| The other keeps his dreadful day-book open | 11 | ·/˘··/˘··/˘ |
| Till sunset, that we may repent; which doing, | 11 | ·/····˘/·/˘ |
| The record of the action fades away, | 10 | ·/˘··/˘·˘/ |
| And leaves a line of white across the page. | 10 | ······˘/·· |
| Now if my act be good, as I believe, | 10 | ········˘/ |
| It cannot be recalled. It is already | 11 | ·/˘·˘/··˘/˘ |
| Sealed up in heaven, as a good deed accomplished. | 11 | ···/····˘/˘ |
| The rest is yours. Why wait you? I am ready. | 11 | ·········/˘ |
| To her attendants. | 5 | ··˘/˘ |
| Weep not, my friends! rather rejoice with me. | 10 | ····/˘˘/·· |
| I shall not feel the pain, but shall be gone, | 10 | ·········· |
| And you will have another friend in heaven. | 11 | ····˘/˘··/˘ |
| Then start not at the creaking of the door | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| Through which I pass. I see what lies beyond it. | 11 | ··········· |
| To PRINCE HENRY. | 4 | ··/˘ |
| And you, O Prince! bear back my benison | 10 | ·······/˘˘ |
| Unto my father's house, and all within it. | 11 | ···/˘······ |
| This morning in the church I prayed for them, | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| After confession, after absolution, | 11 | ··˘/˘···˘/˘ |
| When my whole soul was white, I prayed for them. | 10 | ·········· |
| God will take care of them, they need me not. | 10 | ·········· |
| And in your life let my remembrance linger, | 11 | ······˘/˘/˘ |
| As something not to trouble and disturb it, | 11 | ·/˘··/˘·˘/· |
| But to complete it, adding life to life. | 10 | ··˘/·/˘··· |
| And if at times beside the evening fire, | 11 | ····˘/·/˘/˘ |
| You see my face among the other faces, | 11 | ·······/˘/˘ |
| Let it not be regarded as a ghost | 10 | ····˘/˘··· |
| That haunts your house, but as a guest that loves you. | 11 | ··········· |
| Nay, even as one of your own family, | 11 | ·/˘·····/˘˘ |
| Without whose presence there were something wanting. | 11 | ···/˘··/˘/˘ |
| I have no more to say. Let us go in. | 10 | ·········· |
| Friar Angelo! I charge you on your life, | 10 | //˘······· |
| Believe not what she says, for she is mad, | 10 | ˘/········ |
| And comes here not to die, but to be healed. | 10 | ·········· |
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