Prologue
Delusions of the days that once have been,Witchcraft and wonders of the world unseen,Phantoms of air, and necromantic artsThat crushed the weak and awed the stoutest hearts,--These are our theme to-night; and vaguely here,Through the dim mists that crowd the atmosphere,We draw the outlines of weird figures castIn shadow on the background of the Past,
Who would believe that in the quiet townOf Salem, and, amid the woods that crownThe neighboring hillsides, and the sunny farmsThat fold it safe in their paternal arms,--Who would believe that in those peaceful streets,Where the great elms shut out the summer heats,Where quiet reigns, and breathes through brain and breastThe benediction of unbroken rest,--Who would believe such deeds could find a placeAs these whose tragic history we retrace?
'T was but a village then; the goodman ploughedHis ample acres under sun or cloud;The goodwife at her doorstep sat and spun,And gossiped with her neighbors in the sun;The only men of dignity and stateWere then the Minister and the Magistrate,Who ruled their little realm with iron rod,Less in the love than in the fear of God;And who believed devoutly in the PowersOf Darkness, working in this world of ours,In spells of Witchcraft, incantations dread,And shrouded apparitions of the dead.
Upon this simple folk "with fire and flame,"Saith the old chronicle, "the Devil came;Scattering his firebrands and his poisonous darts,To set on fire of Hell all tongues and hearts!And 't is no wonder; for, with all his host,There most he rages where he hateth most,And is most hated; so on us he bringsAll these stupendous and portentous things!"
Something of this our scene to-night will show;And ye who listen to the Tale of Woe,Be not too swift in casting the first stone,Nor think New England bears the guilt alone,This sudden burst of wickedness and crimeWas but the common madness of the time,When in all lands, that lie within the soundOf Sabbath bells, a Witch was burned or drowned.
Words in this poem
- unseen a.
- Not seen or discovered.
- necromantic a.
- Of or pertaining to necromancy; performed by necromancy.
- amid prep.
- In the midst or middle of; surrounded or encompassed by; among. [OE. amidde, amiddes, on midden, AS. on middan, in the middle, fr. midde the middle. The s is an adverbial ending, originally marking the genitive; the t is a la]
- sunny a.
- Of or pertaining to the sun; proceeding from, or resembling the sun; hence, shining; bright; brilliant; radiant.
- retrace v. t.
- To trace back, as a line. [Pref. re- + trace: cf. F. retracer. Cf. Retract.]
- goodman n.
- A familiar appellation of civility, equivalent to [Good + man]
- goodwife n.
- The mistress of a house. Robynson (More's Utopia).
- doorstep n.
- The stone or plank forming a step before an outer door.
- devoutly adv.
- In a devout and reverent manner; with devout emotions; piously.
- folk n.
- In Anglo-Saxon times, the people of a group of townships or villages; a community; a tribe. [AS. folc; akin to D. volk, OS. & OHG. folk, G. volk, Icel. f, Sw. & Dan. folk, Lith. pulkas crowd, and perh. to E. follow.]
- saith
- 3d pers. sing. pres. of Say.
- stupendous a.
- Astonishing; wonderful; amazing; especially, astonishing in magnitude or elevation; as, a stupendous pile. [L. stupendus astonishing, p. future pass. of stupere to be astonished at. Cf. Stupid.]
- portentous a.
- Of the nature of a portent; containing portents; foreschadowing, esp. foreschadowing ill; ominous. [L. portentosus.]
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
Prologue is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Complete Poetical Works of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Project Gutenberg ebook #1365; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Prologue, in The Complete Poetical Works (1839–1882), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #1365, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/longfellow-poems/prologue-2.html, id L17973.
Form and metre
Prologue is 46 lines in 5 verse paragraphs. It is in rhyming couplets, 96% of the lines: heroic couplets. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 88%). 96% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 10.1 syllables. 2 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 28% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.
See other poems in heroic couplets, other poems in iambic pentameter.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Rhyme words, stanza by stanza
The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.
- 1 --AABBCC been · unseen · artsA · heartsA · hereB · atmosphereB · castC · pastC
- 2 AABBCCDDEE townA · crownA · farmsB · armsB · streetsC · heatsC · breastD · restD · placeE · retraceE
- 3 AABBCCDDEEFF ploughedA · cloudA · spunB · sunB · stateC · magistrateC · rodD · godD · powersE · oursE · dreadF · deadF
- 4 AABBCCDD flameA · cameA · dartsB · heartsB · hostC · mostC · bringsD · thingsD
- 5 AABBCCDD showA · woeA · stoneB · aloneB · crimeC · timeC · soundD · drownedD
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| Delusions of the days that once have been, | 10 | ˘/˘······· |
| Witchcraft and wonders of the world unseen, | 10 | /··/˘···˘/ |
| Phantoms of air, and necromantic arts | 10 | /˘········ |
| That crushed the weak and awed the stoutest hearts,-- | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| These are our theme to-night; and vaguely here, | 10 | ··/····/˘· |
| Through the dim mists that crowd the atmosphere, | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| We draw the outlines of weird figures cast | 10 | ···/···/˘· |
| In shadow on the background of the Past, | 10 | ·/···/···· |
| Who would believe that in the quiet town | 10 | ··˘/···/˘· |
| Of Salem, and, amid the woods that crown | 10 | ·/˘·˘/···· |
| The neighboring hillsides, and the sunny farms | 10 | ·/˘/···/˘· |
| That fold it safe in their paternal arms,-- | 10 | ······˘/˘· |
| Who would believe that in those peaceful streets, | 10 | ··˘/···/˘· |
| Where the great elms shut out the summer heats, | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Where quiet reigns, and breathes through brain and breast | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| The benediction of unbroken rest,-- | 10 | ··˘/˘·˘/˘· |
| Who would believe such deeds could find a place | 10 | ··˘/······ |
| As these whose tragic history we retrace? | 10 | ···/˘/˘·˘/ |
| 'T was but a village then; the goodman ploughed | 11 | ····/˘··/˘· |
| His ample acres under sun or cloud; | 10 | ·/˘/˘····· |
| The goodwife at her doorstep sat and spun, | 10 | ·/˘··/···· |
| And gossiped with her neighbors in the sun; | 10 | ·/˘··/˘··· |
| The only men of dignity and state | 10 | ·/˘··/˘˘·· |
| Were then the Minister and the Magistrate, | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| Who ruled their little realm with iron rod, | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| Less in the love than in the fear of God; | 10 | ·········· |
| And who believed devoutly in the Powers | 11 | ··˘/˘/˘··/˘ |
| Of Darkness, working in this world of ours, | 11 | ·/˘/˘····/˘ |
| In spells of Witchcraft, incantations dread, | 10 | ···/·˘//˘· |
| And shrouded apparitions of the dead. | 10 | ·/˘·˘/˘··· |
| Upon this simple folk "with fire and flame," | 10 | ···/˘··/·· |
| Saith the old chronicle, "the Devil came; | 10 | ···/˘˘·/˘· |
| Scattering his firebrands and his poisonous darts, | 11 | /˘·/˘···/˘· |
| To set on fire of Hell all tongues and hearts! | 10 | ···/······ |
| And 't is no wonder; for, with all his host, | 11 | ····/˘····· |
| There most he rages where he hateth most, | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| And is most hated; so on us he brings | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| All these stupendous and portentous things!" | 10 | ··˘/˘·˘/˘· |
| Something of this our scene to-night will show; | 10 | /˘··/····· |
| And ye who listen to the Tale of Woe, | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Be not too swift in casting the first stone, | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| Nor think New England bears the guilt alone, | 10 | ···/˘···˘/ |
| This sudden burst of wickedness and crime | 10 | ·/˘··/˘˘·· |
| Was but the common madness of the time, | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| When in all lands, that lie within the sound | 10 | ·········· |
| Of Sabbath bells, a Witch was burned or drowned. | 10 | ·/˘······· |
The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.