Martha. Never

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807–1882) · 1839–1882

iambic pentameter · unrhymed · 139 lines · from The Complete Poetical Works

Have you signed it,Or touched it?

No; I never saw it.

Did you not scourge her with an iron rod?

No, I did not. If any Evil SpiritHas taken my shape to do these evil deeds,I cannot help it. I am innocent.

Did you not say the Magistrates were blind?That you would open their eyes?

MARTHA (with a scornful laugh).Yes, I said that;If you call me a sorceress, you are blind!If you accuse the innocent, you are blind!Can the innocent be guilty?

Did you notOn one occasion hide your husband's saddleTo hinder him from coming to the sessions?

I thought it was a folly in a farmerTo waste his time pursuing such illusions.

What was the bird that this young woman sawJust now upon your hand?

I know no bird.

Have you not dealt with a Familiar Spirit?

No, never, never!

What then was the BookYou showed to this young woman, and besought herTo write in it?

Where should I have a book?I showed her none, nor have none.

The next SabbathIs the Communion Day, but Martha CoreyWill not be there!

Ah, you are all against me.What can I do or say?

You can confess.

No, I cannot, for I am innocent.

We have the proof of many witnessesThat you are guilty.

Give me leave to speak.Will you condemn me on such evidence,--You who have known me for so many years?Will you condemn me in this house of God,Where I so long have worshipped with you all?Where I have eaten the bread and drunk the wineSo many times at our Lord's Table with you?Bear witness, you that hear me; you all knowThat I have led a blameless life among you,That never any whisper of suspicionWas breathed against me till this accusation.And shall this count for nothing? Will you takeMy life away from me, because this girl,Who is distraught, and not in her right mind,Accuses me of things I blush to name?

What! is it not enough? Would you hear more?Giles Corey!

I am here.

Come forward, then.

Is it not true, that on a certain nightYou were impeded strangely in your prayers?That something hindered you? and that you leftThis woman here, your wife, kneeling aloneUpon the hearth?

Yes; I cannot deny it.

Did you not say the Devil hindered you?

I think I said some words to that effect.

Is it not true, that fourteen head of cattle,To you belonging, broke from their enclosureAnd leaped into the river, and were drowned?

It is most true.

And did you not then sayThat they were overlooked?

So much I said.I see; they're drawing round me closer, closer,A net I cannot break, cannot escape from! (Aside).

Who did these things?

I do not know who did them.

Then I will tell you. It is some one near you;You see her now; this woman, your own wife.

I call the heavens to witness, it is false!She never harmed me, never hindered meIn anything but what I should not do.And I bear witness in the sight of heaven,And in God's house here, that I never knew herAs otherwise than patient, brave, and true,Faithful, forgiving, full of charity,A virtuous and industrious and good wife!

Tut, tut, man; do not rant so in your speech;You are a witness, not an advocate!Here, Sheriff, take this woman back to prison.

O Giles, this day you've sworn away my life!

Go, go and join the Witches at the door.Do you not hear the drum? Do you not see them?Go quick. They're waiting for you. You are late.

The dream! the dream! the dream!

What does he say?Giles Corey, go not hence. You are yourselfAccused of Witchcraft and of SorceryBy many witnesses. Say, are you guilty?

I know my death is foreordained by you,Mine and my wife's. Therefore I will not answer.

Do you refuse to plead?--'T were better for youTo make confession, or to plead Not Guilty.--Do you not hear me?--Answer, are you guilty?Do you not know a heavier doom awaits you,If you refuse to plead, than if found guilty?Where is John Gloyd?

GLOYD (coming forward).Here am I.

Tell the CourtHave you not seen the supernatural powerOf this old man? Have you not seen him doStrange feats of strength?

I've seen him lead the field,On a hot day, in mowing, and againstUs younger men; and I have wrestled with him.He threw me like a feather. I have seen himLift up a barrel with his single hands,Which two strong men could hardly lift together,And, holding it above his head, drink from it.

That is enough; we need not question further.What answer do you make to this, Giles Corey?

See there! See there!

What is it? I see nothing.

Look! Look! It is the ghost of Robert Goodell,Whom fifteen years ago this man did murderBy stamping on his body! In his shroudHe comes here to bear witness to the crime!

Ghosts of the dead and voices of the livingBear witness to your guilt, and you must die!It might have been an easier death. Your doomWill be on your own head, and not on ours.Twice more will you be questioned of these things;Twice more have room to plead or to confess.If you are contumacious to the Court,And if, when questioned, you refuse to answer,Then by the Statute you will be condemnedTo the peine forte et dure! To have your bodyPressed by great weights until you shall be dead!And may the Lord have mercy on your soul!

Words in this poem

scourge n.
A lash; a strap or cord; especially, a lash used to inflict pain or punishment; an instrument of punishment or discipline; a whip. [F. escourgée, fr. L. excoriata (sc. scutica) a stripped off (lash or whip), fr. excoriate to strip, to skin. See Excoriate.]
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
distraught p. p.
Torn asunder; separated. [OE. distract, distrauht. See Distract, a.]
strangely adv.
As something foreign, or not one's own; in a manner adapted to something foreign and strange.
broke v. i.
To transact business for another. Brome. [See Broker, and cf. Brook.]
enclosure n.
Inclosure. See Inclosure.
closer n.
One who, or that which, closes; specifically, a boot closer. See under Boot.
forgiving a.
Disposed to forgive; inclined to overlook offenses; mild; merciful; compassionate; placable; as, a forgiving temper.
virtuous a.
Possessing or exhibiting virtue. Specifically: -- (a) Exhibiting manly courage and strength; valorous; valiant; brave. [OE. vertuous, OF. vertuos, vertuous, F. vertueux, fr. L. Virtuous. See Virtue, and cf. Virtuoso.]
industrious a.
Given to industry; characterized by diligence; constantly, regularly, or habitually occupied; busy; assiduous; not slothful or idle; -- commonly implying devotion to lawful and useful labor. [L. industrius, industriosus: cf. F. industrieux. See Industry.]
ghost n.
The spirit; the soul of man. [OE. gast, gost, soul, spirit, AS. gast breath, spirit, soul; akin to OS. g spirit, soul, D. geest, G. geist, and prob. to E. gaze, ghastly.]
contumacious a.
Exhibiting contumacy; contemning authority; obstinate; perverse; stubborn; disobedient. [L. contumax, -acis. See Contumacy.]
forte n.
The strong point; that in which one excels. fort"a The construction of a fable seems by no means the forte of our modern poetical writers. Jeffrey. [IT. forte: cf. F. fort. See Fort.]
dure v. i.
To last; to continue; to endure. Sir W. Raleigh. [F. durer, L. durare to harden, be hardened, to endure, last, fr. durus hard. See Dure, a.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Martha. Never is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Complete Poetical Works of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Project Gutenberg ebook #1365; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Martha. Never, in The Complete Poetical Works (1839–1882), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #1365, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/longfellow-poems/martha-never.html, id L17983.

Form and metre

Martha. Never is 139 lines in 50 verse paragraphs. It is unrhymed, as far as the pronouncing dictionary can tell. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 85%). 97% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 8.8 syllables. 41 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 25% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in iambic pentameter, other poems in blank verse.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 AA itA · itA
  2. 6 --AA- laugh · that · blindA · blindA · guilty
  3. 20 -----AB-BA----- speak · evidence · years · god · all · wineA · youB · know · youB · suspicionA · accusation · take · girl · mind · name
  4. 35 --A--A-- false · me · doA · heaven · her · trueA · charity · wife
  5. 42 ABBAB- youA · guiltyB · guiltyB · youA · guiltyB · gloyd
  6. 45 --AA--- field · against · himA · himA · hands · together · it
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
Have you signed it,4····
Or touched it?3···
No; I never saw it.6··/˘··
Did you not scourge her with an iron rod?10·······/˘·
No, I did not. If any Evil Spirit11·····/˘/˘/˘
Has taken my shape to do these evil deeds,10·/˘·····/·
I cannot help it. I am innocent.10·/˘····/˘˘
Did you not say the Magistrates were blind?10·····/˘···
That you would open their eyes?7···/˘··
MARTHA (with a scornful laugh).7/˘··/˘·
Yes, I said that;4····
If you call me a sorceress, you are blind!11·····/˘˘···
If you accuse the innocent, you are blind!10··˘/·/˘···
Can the innocent be guilty?8··/˘˘·/˘
Did you not3···
On one occasion hide your husband's saddle11··˘/˘··/˘/˘
To hinder him from coming to the sessions?11·/˘··/˘··/˘
I thought it was a folly in a farmer11·····/˘··/˘
To waste his time pursuing such illusions.11····˘/˘·˘/˘
What was the bird that this young woman saw10·······/˘·
Just now upon your hand?6······
I know no bird.4····
Have you not dealt with a Familiar Spirit?11······˘/˘/˘
No, never, never!5·/˘/˘
What then was the Book5·····
You showed to this young woman, and besought her11·····/˘·˘/·
To write in it?4····
Where should I have a book?6······
I showed her none, nor have none.7·······
The next Sabbath4··/˘
Is the Communion Day, but Martha Corey11··˘/˘··/˘/˘
Will not be there!4····
Ah, you are all against me.7·······
What can I do or say?6······
You can confess.4··˘/
No, I cannot, for I am innocent.10··˘/···/˘˘
We have the proof of many witnesses10·····/˘/˘˘
That you are guilty.5···/˘
Give me leave to speak.5·····
Will you condemn me on such evidence,--10··˘/···/˘˘
You who have known me for so many years?10·······/˘·
Will you condemn me in this house of God,10··˘/······
Where I so long have worshipped with you all?10·····/˘···
Where I have eaten the bread and drunk the wine11···/˘······
So many times at our Lord's Table with you?10·/··/·/˘··
Bear witness, you that hear me; you all know10·/˘·······
That I have led a blameless life among you,11·····/˘····
That never any whisper of suspicion11·/˘/˘/˘·˘/˘
Was breathed against me till this accusation.11········˘/˘
And shall this count for nothing? Will you take10·····/˘···
My life away from me, because this girl,10··˘/······
Who is distraught, and not in her right mind,10··˘/······
Accuses me of things I blush to name?10˘/˘·······
What! is it not enough? Would you hear more?10····˘/····
Giles Corey!3·/˘
I am here.3···
Come forward, then.4·/˘·
Is it not true, that on a certain night10·······/˘·
You were impeded strangely in your prayers?10··˘/˘/˘···
That something hindered you? and that you left10·/˘/˘·····
This woman here, your wife, kneeling alone10·/˘···/˘˘/
Upon the hearth?4····
Yes; I cannot deny it.7··˘/˘/·
Did you not say the Devil hindered you?10·····/˘/˘·
I think I said some words to that effect.10········˘/
Is it not true, that fourteen head of cattle,11·····//··/˘
To you belonging, broke from their enclosure11··˘/˘···˘/˘
And leaped into the river, and were drowned?10·····/˘···
It is most true.4····
And did you not then say6······
That they were overlooked?6···/˘·
So much I said.4····
I see; they're drawing round me closer, closer,11···/˘··/˘/˘
A net I cannot break, cannot escape from! (Aside).13···˘/·/˘˘/·˘/
Who did these things?4····
I do not know who did them.7·······
Then I will tell you. It is some one near you;11···········
You see her now; this woman, your own wife.10·····/˘···
I call the heavens to witness, it is false!11···/˘·/˘···
She never harmed me, never hindered me10·/˘··/˘/˘·
In anything but what I should not do.10·/˘·······
And I bear witness in the sight of heaven,11···/˘····/˘
And in God's house here, that I never knew her10·······/··
As otherwise than patient, brave, and true,10·/˘··/˘···
Faithful, forgiving, full of charity,10/˘˘/˘··/˘˘
A virtuous and industrious and good wife!10·/˘·˘/˘···
Tut, tut, man; do not rant so in your speech;10··········
You are a witness, not an advocate!10···/˘··/˘·
Here, Sheriff, take this woman back to prison.11·/˘··/˘··/˘
O Giles, this day you've sworn away my life!10······˘/··
Go, go and join the Witches at the door.10·····/˘···
Do you not hear the drum? Do you not see them?11···········
Go quick. They're waiting for you. You are late.10···/˘·····
The dream! the dream! the dream!6······
What does he say?4····
Giles Corey, go not hence. You are yourself10·/˘·····˘/
Accused of Witchcraft and of Sorcery10˘/·/···/˘˘
By many witnesses. Say, are you guilty?11·/˘/˘˘···/˘
I know my death is foreordained by you,10··········
Mine and my wife's. Therefore I will not answer.11·········/˘
Do you refuse to plead?--'T were better for you12··/·····/˘··
To make confession, or to plead Not Guilty.--11··˘/˘····/˘
Do you not hear me?--Answer, are you guilty?11·····/˘··/˘
Do you not know a heavier doom awaits you,11·····/˘·˘/·
If you refuse to plead, than if found guilty?11··˘/·····/˘
Where is John Gloyd?4····
GLOYD (coming forward).5·/˘/˘
Here am I.3···
Tell the Court3···
Have you not seen the supernatural power10······˘/˘/
Of this old man? Have you not seen him do10··········
Strange feats of strength?4····
I've seen him lead the field,6······
On a hot day, in mowing, and against10·····/˘···
Us younger men; and I have wrestled with him.11·/˘····/˘··
He threw me like a feather. I have seen him11·····/˘····
Lift up a barrel with his single hands,10···/˘··/˘·
Which two strong men could hardly lift together,11·····/˘·˘/˘
And, holding it above his head, drink from it.11·/˘········
That is enough; we need not question further.11··˘/···/˘/˘
What answer do you make to this, Giles Corey?11·/˘······/˘
See there! See there!4····
What is it? I see nothing.7·····/˘
Look! Look! It is the ghost of Robert Goodell,11·······/˘/˘
Whom fifteen years ago this man did murder11·//·˘/···/˘
By stamping on his body! In his shroud10·/˘··/˘···
He comes here to bear witness to the crime!10·····/˘···
Ghosts of the dead and voices of the living11·····/˘··/˘
Bear witness to your guilt, and you must die!10·/˘·······
It might have been an easier death. Your doom10·····/˘···
Will be on your own head, and not on ours.11·········/˘
Twice more will you be questioned of these things;10·····/˘···
Twice more have room to plead or to confess.10········˘/
If you are contumacious to the Court,10··········
And if, when questioned, you refuse to answer,11···/˘·˘/·/˘
Then by the Statute you will be condemned10···/˘···˘/
To the peine forte et dure! To have your body13···/˘·/˘···/˘
Pressed by great weights until you shall be dead!10··········
And may the Lord have mercy on your soul!10·····/˘···

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