Flowers
Spake full well, in language quaint and olden,One who dwelleth by the castled Rhine,When he called the flowers, so blue and golden,Stars, that in earth's firmament do shine.
Stars they are, wherein we read our history,As astrologers and seers of eld;Yet not wrapped about with awful mystery,Like the burning stars, which they beheld.
Wondrous truths, and manifold as wondrous,God hath written in those stars above;But not less in the bright flowerets under usStands the revelation of his love.
Bright and glorious is that revelation,Written all over this great world of ours;Making evident our own creation,In these stars of earth, these golden flowers.
And the Poet, faithful and far-seeing,Sees, alike in stars and flowers, a partOf the self-same, universal being,Which is throbbing in his brain and heart.
Gorgeous flowerets in the sunlight shining,Blossoms flaunting in the eye of day,Tremulous leaves, with soft and silver lining,Buds that open only to decay;
Brilliant hopes, all woven in gorgeous tissues,Flaunting gayly in the golden light;Large desires, with most uncertain issues,Tender wishes, blossoming at night!
These in flowers and men are more than seeming;Workings are they of the self-same powers,Which the Poet, in no idle dreaming,Seeth in himself and in the flowers.
Everywhere about us are they glowing,Some like stars, to tell us Spring is born;Others, their blue eyes with tears o'er-flowing,Stand like Ruth amid the golden corn;
Not alone in Spring's armorial bearing,And in Summer's green-emblazoned field,But in arms of brave old Autumn's wearing,In the centre of his brazen shield;
Not alone in meadows and green alleys,On the mountain-top, and by the brinkOf sequestered pools in woodland valleys,Where the slaves of nature stoop to drink;
Not alone in her vast dome of glory,Not on graves of bird and beast alone,But in old cathedrals, high and hoary,On the tombs of heroes, carved in stone;
In the cottage of the rudest peasant,In ancestral homes, whose crumbling towers,Speaking of the Past unto the Present,Tell us of the ancient Games of Flowers;
In all places, then, and in all seasons,Flowers expand their light and soul-like wings,Teaching us, by most persuasive reasons,How akin they are to human things.
And with childlike, credulous affectionWe behold their tender buds expand;Emblems of our own great resurrection,Emblems of the bright and better land.
Words in this poem 15
- quaint a.
- Prudent; wise; hence, crafty; artful; wily. [OE. queint, queynte, coint, prudent, wise, cunning, pretty, odd, OF. cointe cultivated, amiable, agreeable, neat, fr. L. cognitus known, p. p. of cognoscere to ]
- olden a.
- Old; ancient; as, the olden time.
- castled a.
- Having a castle or castles; supporting a castle; as, a castled height or crag.
- firmament n.
- Fixed foundation; established basis. [L. firmamentum, fr. firmare to make firm: cf. F. firmament. See Firm, v. & a.]
- wondrous adv.
- In a wonderful or surprising manner or degree; wonderfully. [OE. wonders, adv. (later also adj.). See Wonder, n., and cf. -wards.]
- glorious a.
- Exhibiting attributes, qualities, or acts that are worthy of or receive glory; noble; praiseworthy; excellent; splendid; illustrious; inspiring admiration; as, glorious deeds. [OF. glorios, glorious, F. glorieux, fr. L. gloriosus. See Glory, n.]
- gorgeous a.
- Imposing through splendid or various colors; showy; fine; magnificent. [OF. gorgias beautiful, glorious, vain, luxurious; cf. OF. gorgias ruff, neck handkerchief, and F. gorge throat, and se pengorger to assume airs. Cf. Gorge, n.]
- gayly adv.
- With mirth and frolic; merrily; blithely; gleefully.
- ruth n.
- Sorrow for the misery of another; pity; tenderness. [From Rue, v.: cf. Icel. hryggedh, hrygedh.]
- amid prep.
- In the midst or middle of; surrounded or encompassed by; among. [OE. amidde, amiddes, on midden, AS. on middan, in the middle, fr. midde the middle. The s is an adverbial ending, originally marking the genitive; the t is a la]
- centre v. i.
- To be placed in a center; to be central.
- brink n.
- The edge, margin, or border of a steep place, as of a precipice; a bank or edge, as of a river or pit; a verge; a border; as, the brink of a chasm. Also Fig. [Dan. brink edge, verge; akin to Sw. brink declivity, hill, Icel. brekka; cf. LG. brink a grassy hill, W. bryn hill, bryncyn hillock.]
- hoary a.
- White or whitish."The hoary willows."
- childlike a.
- Resembling a child, or that which belongs to children; becoming a child; meek; submissive; dutiful.
- resurrection n.
- A rising again; the resumption of vigor. [F. résurrection, L. resurrectio, fr. resurgere, resurrectum, to rise again; pref. re- re- + surgere to rise. See Source.]
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
Flowers is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Complete Poetical Works of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Project Gutenberg ebook #1365; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Flowers, in The Complete Poetical Works (1839–1882), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #1365, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/longfellow-poems/flowers.html, id L17484.
Form and metre
Flowers is 60 lines in 15 stanzas of 4 lines each. Every stanza rhymes ABAB. The metre is trochaic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 90%). 88% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 9.9 syllables. 34 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 7% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.
See other poems in trochaic pentameter.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Rhyme words, stanza by stanza
The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.
- 1 ABAB oldenA · rhineB · goldenA · shineB
- 2 ABAB historyA · eldB · mysteryA · beheldB
- 3 ABAB wondrousA · aboveB · usA · loveB
- 4 ABAB revelationA · oursB · creationA · flowersB
- 5 ABAB seeingA · partB · beingA · heartB
- 6 ABAB shiningA · dayB · liningA · decayB
- 7 ABAB tissuesA · lightB · issuesA · nightB
- 8 ABAB seemingA · powersB · dreamingA · flowersB
- 9 ABAB glowingA · bornB · flowingA · cornB
- 10 ABAB bearingA · fieldB · wearingA · shieldB
- 11 ABAB alleysA · brinkB · valleysA · drinkB
- 12 ABAB gloryA · aloneB · hoaryA · stoneB
- 13 ABAB peasantA · towersB · presentA · flowersB
- 14 ABAB seasonsA · wingsB · reasonsA · thingsB
- 15 ABAB affectionA · expandB · resurrectionA · landB
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against trochaic pentameter. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| Spake full well, in language quaint and olden, | 10 | ····/˘··/˘ |
| One who dwelleth by the castled Rhine, | 9 | ··/˘··/˘· |
| When he called the flowers, so blue and golden, | 10 | ····/···/˘ |
| Stars, that in earth's firmament do shine. | 9 | ····/˘˘·· |
| Stars they are, wherein we read our history, | 10 | ·······//˘ |
| As astrologers and seers of eld; | 8 | ·˘/˘···· |
| Yet not wrapped about with awful mystery, | 10 | ······/˘/˘ |
| Like the burning stars, which they beheld. | 9 | ··/˘···˘/ |
| Wondrous truths, and manifold as wondrous, | 10 | /˘··/˘··/˘ |
| God hath written in those stars above; | 9 | ··/˘····· |
| But not less in the bright flowerets under us | 12 | ············ |
| Stands the revelation of his love. | 9 | ···˘/˘··· |
| Bright and glorious is that revelation, | 10 | ··/˘···˘/˘ |
| Written all over this great world of ours; | 9 | /˘······/ |
| Making evident our own creation, | 9 | /˘/˘/·˘/˘ |
| In these stars of earth, these golden flowers. | 9 | ······/˘/ |
| And the Poet, faithful and far-seeing, | 9 | ··/˘/˘··/ |
| Sees, alike in stars and flowers, a part | 9 | ·˘/···/·· |
| Of the self-same, universal being, | 9 | ·····˘/˘/ |
| Which is throbbing in his brain and heart. | 9 | ··/˘····· |
| Gorgeous flowerets in the sunlight shining, | 11 | /˘·····/·/˘ |
| Blossoms flaunting in the eye of day, | 9 | /˘/˘····· |
| Tremulous leaves, with soft and silver lining, | 10 | /˘····/˘/˘ |
| Buds that open only to decay; | 9 | ··/˘/˘·˘/ |
| Brilliant hopes, all woven in gorgeous tissues, | 11 | /˘··/˘·/˘/· |
| Flaunting gayly in the golden light; | 9 | /˘/˘··/˘· |
| Large desires, with most uncertain issues, | 10 | ·˘/··˘/˘/˘ |
| Tender wishes, blossoming at night! | 8 | /˘/˘/˘·· |
| These in flowers and men are more than seeming; | 10 | ··/·····/˘ |
| Workings are they of the self-same powers, | 9 | /˘······/ |
| Which the Poet, in no idle dreaming, | 10 | ··/˘··/˘/˘ |
| Seeth in himself and in the flowers. | 9 | ··˘/···/˘ |
| Everywhere about us are they glowing, | 10 | /˘······/˘ |
| Some like stars, to tell us Spring is born; | 9 | ········· |
| Others, their blue eyes with tears o'er-flowing, | 9 | /˘······/ |
| Stand like Ruth amid the golden corn; | 9 | ···˘/·/˘· |
| Not alone in Spring's armorial bearing, | 11 | ·˘/··˘/˘˘/˘ |
| And in Summer's green-emblazoned field, | 9 | ··/˘·˘/˘· |
| But in arms of brave old Autumn's wearing, | 10 | ······/˘/˘ |
| In the centre of his brazen shield; | 9 | ··/˘··/˘· |
| Not alone in meadows and green alleys, | 10 | ·˘/·/···/˘ |
| On the mountain-top, and by the brink | 9 | ··/˘····· |
| Of sequestered pools in woodland valleys, | 10 | ·˘/˘··/·/˘ |
| Where the slaves of nature stoop to drink; | 9 | ····/˘··· |
| Not alone in her vast dome of glory, | 10 | ·˘/·····/˘ |
| Not on graves of bird and beast alone, | 9 | ·······˘/ |
| But in old cathedrals, high and hoary, | 10 | ···˘/˘··/˘ |
| On the tombs of heroes, carved in stone; | 9 | ····/˘··· |
| In the cottage of the rudest peasant, | 10 | ··/˘··/˘/˘ |
| In ancestral homes, whose crumbling towers, | 9 | ·˘/˘··/˘/ |
| Speaking of the Past unto the Present, | 10 | /˘······/˘ |
| Tell us of the ancient Games of Flowers; | 9 | ····/˘··/ |
| In all places, then, and in all seasons, | 10 | ··/˘····/˘ |
| Flowers expand their light and soul-like wings, | 9 | /˘/······ |
| Teaching us, by most persuasive reasons, | 10 | /˘···˘/˘/˘ |
| How akin they are to human things. | 9 | ·˘/···/˘· |
| And with childlike, credulous affection | 9 | ··/·/˘˘/˘ |
| We behold their tender buds expand; | 9 | ·˘/·/˘·˘/ |
| Emblems of our own great resurrection, | 10 | /˘·/···˘/˘ |
| Emblems of the bright and better land. | 9 | /˘····/˘· |
The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.