Nicodemus at Night
NICODEMUS.The streets are silent. The dark houses seemLike sepulchres, in which the sleepers lieWrapped in their shrouds, and for the moment dead.The lamps are all extinguished; only oneBurns steadily, and from the door its lightLies like a shining gate across the street.He waits for me. Ah, should this be at lastThe long-expected Christ! I see him thereSitting alone, deep-buried in his thought,As if the weight of all the world were restingUpon him, and thus bowed him down. O Rabbi,We know thou art a Teacher come from God,For no man can perform the miraclesThou dost perform, except the Lord be with him.Thou art a Prophet, sent here to proclaimThe Kingdom of the Lord. Behold in meA Ruler of the Jews, who long have waitedThe coming of that kingdom. Tell me of it.
CHRISTUS.Verily, verily I say unto thee,Except a man be born again, he cannotBehold the Kingdom of God!
NICODEMUS.Be born again?How can a man be born when he is old?Say, can he enter for a second timeInto his mother's womb, and so be born?
CHRISTUS.Verily I say unto thee, exceptA man be born of water and the spirit,He cannot enter into the Kingdom of God.For that which of the flesh is born, is flesh;And that which of the spirit is born, is spirit.
NICODEMUS.We Israelites from the Primeval ManAdam Ahelion derive our bodies;Our souls are breathings of the Holy Ghost.No more than this we know, or need to know.
CHRISTUS.Then marvel not, that I said unto theeYe must be born again.
NICODEMUS.The mysteryOf birth and death we cannot comprehend.
CHRISTUS.The wind bloweth where it listeth, and we hearThe sound thereof, but know not whence it cometh,Nor whither it goeth. So is every oneBorn of the spirit!
NICODEMUS, aside.How can these things be?He seems to speak of some vague realm of shadows,Some unsubstantial kingdom of the air!It is not this the Jews are waiting for,Nor can this be the Christ, the Son of David,Who shall deliver us!
CHRISTUS.Art thou a masterOf Israel, and knowest not these things?We speak that we do know, and testifyThat we have seen, and ye will not receiveOur witness. If I tell you earthly things,And ye believe not, how shall ye believe,If I should tell you of things heavenly?And no man hath ascended up to heaven,But he alone that first came down from heaven,Even the Son of Man which is in heaven!
NICODEMUS, aside.This is a dreamer of dreams; a visionary,Whose brain is overtasked, until he deemsThe unseen world to be a thing substantial,And this we live in, an unreal vision!And yet his presence fascinates and fills meWith wonder, and I feel myself exaltedInto a higher region, and becomeMyself in part a dreamer of his dreams,A seer of his visions!
CHRISTUS.And as MosesUplifted the serpent in the wilderness,So must the Son of Man be lifted up;That whosoever shall believe in HimShall perish not, but have eternal life.He that believes in Him is not condemned;He that believes not, is condemned already.
NICODEMUS, aside.He speaketh like a Prophet of the Lord!
CHRISTUS.This is the condemnation; that the lightIs come into the world, and men loved darknessRather than light, because their deeds are evil!
NICODEMUS, aside.Of me he speaketh! He reproveth me,Because I come by night to question him!
CHRISTUS.For every one that doeth evil deedsHateth the light, nor cometh to the lightLest he should be reproved.
NICODEMUS, aside.Alas, how trulyHe readeth what is passing in my heart!
CHRISTUS.But he that doeth truth comes to the light,So that his deeds may be made manifest,That they are wrought in God.
NICODEMUS.Alas! alas!
Words in this poem
- rabbi n.
- Master; lord; teacher; -- a Jewish title of respect or honor for a teacher or doctor of the law.
- womb n.
- The belly; the abdomen. [OE. wombe, wambe, AS. wamb, womb; akin to D. wam belly, OS. & OHG. wamba, G. wamme, wampe, Icel. vömb, Sw. v&mb, Dan. vom, Goth. wamba.]
- derive v. t.
- To turn the course of, as water; to divert and distribute into subordinate channels; to diffuse; to communicate; to transmit; -- followed by to, into, on, upon. [F. dériver, L. derivare; de- + rivus stream, brook. See Rival.]
- ghost n.
- The spirit; the soul of man. [OE. gast, gost, soul, spirit, AS. gast breath, spirit, soul; akin to OS. g spirit, soul, D. geest, G. geist, and prob. to E. gaze, ghastly.]
- whither adv.
- To what place; -- used interrogatively; as, whither goest thou [OE. whider. AS. hwider; akin to E. where, who; cf. Goth. hvadre whither. See Who, and cf. Hither, Thither.]
- shall v. i.
- To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
- testify v. i.
- To make a solemn declaration, verbal or written, to establish some fact; to give testimony for the purpose of communicating to others a knowledge of something not known to them. [OF. testifier, L. testificari; testis a witness + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See -fy, and cf. Attest, Contest, Detest, Protest, Testament.]
- dreamer n.
- One who dreams.
- unseen a.
- Not seen or discovered.
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
Nicodemus at Night is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Complete Poetical Works of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Project Gutenberg ebook #1365; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Nicodemus at Night, in Christus: A Mystery (1872), Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/longfellow-christus/nicodemus-at-night.html.
Form and metre
Nicodemus at Night is 108 lines in 19 stanzas.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Rhyme words, stanza by stanza
The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.
- 1 --A--------A------- nicodemus · seem · lieA · dead · one · light · street · last · there · thought · resting · rabbiA · god · miracles · him · proclaim · me · waited · it
- 4 --A--A christus · except · spiritA · god · flesh · spiritA
- 10 --A-BAB-CCC christus · master · thingsA · testify · receiveB · thingsA · believeB · heavenly · heavenC · heavenC · heavenC
- 11 --A-----A- aside · visionary · deemsA · substantial · vision · me · exalted · become · dreamsA · visions
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| NICODEMUS. | 4 | ···· |
| The streets are silent. The dark houses seem | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| Like sepulchres, in which the sleepers lie | 9 | ······/˘· |
| Wrapped in their shrouds, and for the moment dead. | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| The lamps are all extinguished; only one | 10 | ····˘/˘/˘· |
| Burns steadily, and from the door its light | 10 | ·/˘˘······ |
| Lies like a shining gate across the street. | 10 | ···/˘·˘/·· |
| He waits for me. Ah, should this be at last | 10 | ·········· |
| The long-expected Christ! I see him there | 10 | ··˘/˘····· |
| Sitting alone, deep-buried in his thought, | 10 | /˘˘/·/˘··· |
| As if the weight of all the world were resting | 11 | ·········/˘ |
| Upon him, and thus bowed him down. O Rabbi, | 11 | ·········/· |
| We know thou art a Teacher come from God, | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| For no man can perform the miracles | 10 | ····˘/·/˘˘ |
| Thou dost perform, except the Lord be with him. | 11 | ··˘/······· |
| Thou art a Prophet, sent here to proclaim | 10 | ···/˘···˘/ |
| The Kingdom of the Lord. Behold in me | 10 | ·/˘···˘/·· |
| A Ruler of the Jews, who long have waited | 11 | ·/˘······/˘ |
| The coming of that kingdom. Tell me of it. | 11 | ·/˘··/˘···· |
| CHRISTUS. | 2 | ·· |
| Verily, verily I say unto thee, | 11 | /˘˘/˘˘····· |
| Except a man be born again, he cannot | 11 | ······˘/·/˘ |
| Behold the Kingdom of God! | 7 | ˘/·/˘·· |
| NICODEMUS. | 4 | ···· |
| Be born again? | 4 | ··˘/ |
| How can a man be born when he is old? | 10 | ·········· |
| Say, can he enter for a second time | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| Into his mother's womb, and so be born? | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| CHRISTUS. | 2 | ·· |
| Verily I say unto thee, except | 10 | /˘˘······· |
| A man be born of water and the spirit, | 11 | ·····/˘··/˘ |
| He cannot enter into the Kingdom of God. | 12 | ·/˘/˘···/˘·· |
| For that which of the flesh is born, is flesh; | 10 | ·········· |
| And that which of the spirit is born, is spirit. | 11 | ·····/···/˘ |
| NICODEMUS. | 4 | ···· |
| We Israelites from the Primeval Man | 10 | ·/˘···˘/˘· |
| Adam Ahelion derive our bodies; | 11 | /˘···˘//˘/˘ |
| Our souls are breathings of the Holy Ghost. | 10 | /··/˘··/˘· |
| No more than this we know, or need to know. | 10 | ·········· |
| CHRISTUS. | 2 | ·· |
| Then marvel not, that I said unto thee | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| Ye must be born again. | 6 | ····˘/ |
| NICODEMUS. | 4 | ···· |
| The mystery | 4 | ·/˘˘ |
| Of birth and death we cannot comprehend. | 10 | ·····/˘·˘/ |
| CHRISTUS. | 2 | ·· |
| The wind bloweth where it listeth, and we hear | 11 | ··/˘··/˘··· |
| The sound thereof, but know not whence it cometh, | 11 | ·········/˘ |
| Nor whither it goeth. So is every one | 10 | ·/˘····/˘· |
| Born of the spirit! | 5 | ···/˘ |
| NICODEMUS, aside. | 6 | ····˘/ |
| How can these things be? | 5 | ····· |
| He seems to speak of some vague realm of shadows, | 11 | ·········/· |
| Some unsubstantial kingdom of the air! | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| It is not this the Jews are waiting for, | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Nor can this be the Christ, the Son of David, | 11 | ·········/˘ |
| Who shall deliver us! | 6 | ··˘/˘· |
| CHRISTUS. | 2 | ·· |
| Art thou a master | 5 | ···/˘ |
| Of Israel, and knowest not these things? | 10 | ·/˘˘·/˘··· |
| We speak that we do know, and testify | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| That we have seen, and ye will not receive | 10 | ········˘/ |
| Our witness. If I tell you earthly things, | 10 | //˘····/˘· |
| And ye believe not, how shall ye believe, | 10 | ··˘/····˘/ |
| If I should tell you of things heavenly? | 10 | ·······/˘˘ |
| And no man hath ascended up to heaven, | 11 | ····˘/˘··/˘ |
| But he alone that first came down from heaven, | 11 | ··˘/·····/˘ |
| Even the Son of Man which is in heaven! | 11 | /˘·······/˘ |
| NICODEMUS, aside. | 6 | ····˘/ |
| This is a dreamer of dreams; a visionary, | 12 | ···/˘···/˘·˘ |
| Whose brain is overtasked, until he deems | 10 | ·········· |
| The unseen world to be a thing substantial, | 11 | ·˘/·····˘/˘ |
| And this we live in, an unreal vision! | 10 | ······˘//˘ |
| And yet his presence fascinates and fills me | 11 | ···/˘/˘···· |
| With wonder, and I feel myself exalted | 11 | ·/˘····/˘/˘ |
| Into a higher region, and become | 10 | ···/˘/˘·˘/ |
| Myself in part a dreamer of his dreams, | 10 | ·/···/˘··· |
| A seer of his visions! | 6 | ····/˘ |
| CHRISTUS. | 2 | ·· |
| And as Moses | 4 | ··/˘ |
| Uplifted the serpent in the wilderness, | 11 | /˘˘·/˘··/˘˘ |
| So must the Son of Man be lifted up; | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| That whosoever shall believe in Him | 10 | ··˘/˘·˘/·· |
| Shall perish not, but have eternal life. | 10 | ·/˘···˘/˘· |
| He that believes in Him is not condemned; | 10 | ··˘/····˘/ |
| He that believes not, is condemned already. | 11 | ··˘/··˘/˘/˘ |
| NICODEMUS, aside. | 6 | ····˘/ |
| He speaketh like a Prophet of the Lord! | 10 | ·/˘··/˘··· |
| CHRISTUS. | 2 | ·· |
| This is the condemnation; that the light | 10 | ····˘/˘··· |
| Is come into the world, and men loved darkness | 11 | ·········/˘ |
| Rather than light, because their deeds are evil! | 11 | /˘·······/˘ |
| NICODEMUS, aside. | 6 | ····˘/ |
| Of me he speaketh! He reproveth me, | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Because I come by night to question him! | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| CHRISTUS. | 2 | ·· |
| For every one that doeth evil deeds | 10 | ·/˘˘···/˘· |
| Hateth the light, nor cometh to the light | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| Lest he should be reproved. | 6 | ······ |
| NICODEMUS, aside. | 6 | ····˘/ |
| Alas, how truly | 5 | ˘/·/˘ |
| He readeth what is passing in my heart! | 10 | ·/˘··/˘··· |
| CHRISTUS. | 2 | ·· |
| But he that doeth truth comes to the light, | 9 | ········· |
| So that his deeds may be made manifest, | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| That they are wrought in God. | 6 | ······ |
| NICODEMUS. | 4 | ···· |
| Alas! alas! | 4 | ˘/˘/ |
The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.