The Revival
I thought that in me utterlyIn life's most fragrant flowerThe sweet woes had lost power,Born in my early years.The sweet woes and the tenderestSighs of the heart profound,All things whereby a groundFor joy in life appears.
How many tears and murmuringsDid from my new state flow,When I my heart of snowDiscovered void of pain!Gone was the wonted agony,And love I could not hold,And this my bosom coldGave sighing up as vain.
I wept that life so desolateAnd waste for me was made,The earth in gloom arrayed,Closed in eternal frost;The day forlorn, the taciturnNight more obscure and lone;For me no kind moon shone;The stars in Heaven were lost.
But of that grief the originIn old affection lay;Within my bosom's swayMy heart was still alive.Yet for the wonted imagesThe weary fancy sighed;My sorrow's boundless tideWith pain did ever strive.
Ere long in me that agonyOf pain was wholly spent,And further to lamentI had no courage left.I lay all senseless and amazed,I did not ask for balm;As though in death's last calm,My heart in twain was cleft.
I was from him how different,In whom did ardours shine,Who errors all divineFed in his soul of yore!The early swallow vigilant,Who near the windows gaySalutes the rising day,Moved this my heart no more;
Nor did the Autumn pale and sereWhere lonely I might dwell;Nor did the evening bell;Nor sun that sought the main.In vain I saw bright HesperusShine in celestial round,In vain the valleys soundWith nightingale's sweet pain.
And ye, O eyes of tendernessAnd glances full of joy,Ye, unto lovers coyFirst love that never dies;And snowy hand of whitest graceThat liest in my own;In vain your power is shown,My gloomy mood ne'er flies.
Bereft of every happiness,Sad, but not tempest-torn,I was not all forlorn,My brow became serene.I should have murmured for the endOf this my life of woe,If in me long agoDead had desire not been.
As in old age decrepitudeMakes life disprized and bare,My years of youth most fairThus, thus alone were spent;'Twas thus the days ineffableThou, O my heart, didst live,Days that short joyaunce give,By Heaven to us lent.
Who the obscure, ingloriousRepose bids me now miss?What virtue new is this,This that in me I find?Emotions sweet, imaginingsErroneous and sublime,Are ye not for all timeThe exiles of my mind?
Are ye in truth the only rayOf these my sable years,The loves I lost with tearsIn a more tender age?Though on the sky or verdant meadsOr where I list, I gaze,Grief doth my soul amaze,And yet delights assuage.
And with my musing sympathizeThe plains, the woods and hills;My heart doth hear the rills,And murmur of the sea.Who after such forgetfulnessGives me the gift of tears?How is it the earth appearsSo changed and new to me?
Perchance fair Hope, O weary heart,Hath granted thee a smile?Ah! Hope, so full of guile,I'll ne'er again behold.My fond delusions and desiresNone else than Nature gave,My native ardour braveGrief did in bondage hold,
Though not destroy: 'twas unsubduedBy misery and fate,Nor did it death awaitFrom Truth's unhallowed gaze.To my divine imaginingI know that she is strange;I know that Nature's rangeLies far from Mercy's ways;
That not for weal solicitousShe is, for life alone;She bids us live to groan,For nothing else she cares.I know that the unfortunateNo pity find below,That from the sight of woeMen hurry unawares;
That this our age so reprobateScorns virtue and renown;That glory fails to crownThe noble, learned toil.And you, ye eyes so tremulous,Ye glances all divine,I know you idly shine,And far from love recoil.
There is no wondrous, intimateAffection in your gaze;No spark ere long to blaze,Lies in that snowy breast;For it doth mock the tenderestEmotion and desire;And a celestial fireBy deep scorn is distrest.
And yet in me I feel reviveThe dear illusions known:My soul looks on its ownSensations with surprise.From thee, my heart, this last and fairSpirit and inborn fire,All comforts in my direGrief, but from thee arise.
I feel my spirit is not dowered,Though lofty, sweet, and pure,By Nature, Fortune's lure,The world, or loveliness:But if thou livest, O, ill-starred,And yieldest not to Fate,I'll ne'er as cruel hateWho gave me life's distress.
Words in this poem 24
- wonted a.
- Accustomed; customary; usual.
- forlorn a.
- Deserted abandoned; lost. [OE., p.p. of forlesen to lose utterly, AS. forleósan (p.p. forloren); pref. for- + leósan (in comp.) to lose; cf. D. verliezen to lose, G. verlieren, Sw. förlor]
- taciturn a.
- Habitually silent; not given to converse; not apt to talk or speak. [L. taciturnus: cf. F. taciturne. See Tacit.]
- lone n.
- A lane. See Loanin.
- twain a.
- Two;- nearly obsolete in common discourse, but used in poetry and burlesque. [OE. twein, tweien, tweyne, AS. twegen, masc. See Two.]
- yore adv.
- In time long past; in old time; long since. [OE. , yare, , AS. geára;akin to geár a year, E. year. Year.]
- sere n.
- Claw; talon. Chapman. [F. serre.]
- dwell v. i.
- To delay; to linger. [OE. dwellen, dwelien, to err, linger, AS. dwellan to deceive, hinder, delay, dwelian to err; akin to Icel. dvelja to delay, tarry, Sw. dväljas to dwell, Dan. dv]
- hesperus n.
- Venus when she is the evening star; Hesper. [L. See Hesper.]
- snowy a.
- White like snow.
- decrepitude n.
- The broken state produced by decay and the infirmities of age; infirm old age. [Cf. F. décrépitude.]
- didst
- , the 2d pers. sing. imp. of Do.
- inglorious a.
- Not glorious; not bringing honor or glory; not accompanied with fame, honor, or celebrity; obscure; humble; as, an inglorious life of ease. [L. inglorious; pref. in- not + gloria glory, fame: cf. F. inglorieux. See Glory.]
- sable n.
- A carnivorous animal of the Weasel family (Mustela zibellina) native of the northern latitudes of Europe, Asia, and America, -- noted for its fine, soft, and valuable fur. [OF. sable, F. zibeline sable (in sense 4), LL. sabellum; cf. D. sabel, Dan. sabel, zobel, Sw. sabel, sobel, G. zobel; all fr. Russ. sóbole.]
- amaze v. t.
- To bewilder; to stupefy; to bring into a maze. [Pref. a- + maze.]
- sympathize v. t.
- To experience together.
- ardour n.
- Heat, in a literal sense; as, the ardor of the sun's rays. [L. ardor, fr. ardere to burn: cf. OF. ardor, ardur, F. ardeur.]
- await v. t.
- To watch for; to look out for. [OF. awaitier, agaitier; (L. ad) + waitier, gaitier to watch, F. guetter. See Wait.]
- unhallowed a.
- Not consecrated; hence, profane; unholy; impious; wicked. [Pref. un- not + hallowed.]
- reprobate a.
- Not enduring proof or trial; not of standard purity or fineness; disallowed; rejected. [L. reprobatus, p. p. of reprobare to disapprove, condemn. See Reprieve, Reprove.]
- wondrous adv.
- In a wonderful or surprising manner or degree; wonderfully. [OE. wonders, adv. (later also adj.). See Wonder, n., and cf. -wards.]
- dire a.
- Ill-boding; portentous; as, dire omens. [L. dirus; of uncertain origin.]
- dowered p. a.
- Furnished with, or as with, dower or a marriage portion.
- loveliness n.
- The state or quality of being lovely. [From Lovely.]
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
The Revival is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Poems of Leopardi, Project Gutenberg ebook #53020, the Frederick Townsend translation; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: Giacomo Leopardi, The Revival, in The Poems of Leopardi (1887), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #53020, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/leopardi-poems/the-revival.html, id L15300.
Form and metre
The Revival is 160 lines in 20 stanzas of 8 lines each. It is in rhyming couplets, 51% of the lines. The metre is iambic trimeter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 89%). 95% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 6.6 syllables. 33 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 35% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.
See other poems in rhyming couplets, other poems in iambic trimeter.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Rhyme words, stanza by stanza
The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.
- 1 -AAB-CCB utterly · flowerA · powerA · yearsB · tenderest · profoundC · groundC · appearsB
- 2 -AAB-CCB murmurings · flowA · snowA · painB · agony · holdC · coldC · vainB
- 3 -AAB-CCB desolate · madeA · arrayedA · frostB · taciturn · loneC · shoneC · lostB
- 4 -AAB-CCB origin · layA · swayA · aliveB · images · sighedC · tideC · striveB
- 5 -AAB-CCB agony · spentA · lamentA · leftB · amazed · balmC · calmC · cleftB
- 6 -AAB-CCB different · shineA · divineA · yoreB · vigilant · gayC · dayC · moreB
- 7 -AAB-CCB sere · dwellA · bellA · mainB · hesperus · roundC · soundC · painB
- 8 ABBCADDC tendernessA · joyB · coyB · diesC · graceA · ownD · shownD · fliesC
- 9 -AA--BB- happiness · tornA · forlornA · serene · end · woeB · agoB · been
- 10 -AAB-CCB decrepitude · bareA · fairA · spentB · ineffable · liveC · giveC · lentB
- 11 AAAB-CCB ingloriousA · missA · thisA · findB · imaginings · sublimeC · timeC · mindB
- 12 -AAB-CCB ray · yearsA · tearsA · ageB · meads · gazeC · amazeC · assuageB
- 13 -AAB-CCB sympathize · hillsA · rillsA · seaB · forgetfulness · tearsC · appearsC · meB
- 14 -AAB-CCB heart · smileA · guileA · beholdB · desires · gaveC · braveC · holdB
- 15 -AAB-CCB unsubdued · fateA · awaitA · gazeB · imagining · strangeC · rangeC · waysB
- 16 -AAB-CCB solicitous · aloneA · groanA · caresB · unfortunate · belowC · woeC · unawaresB
- 17 -AAB-CCB reprobate · renownA · crownA · toilB · tremulous · divineC · shineC · recoilB
- 18 -AABBCCB intimate · gazeA · blazeA · breastB · tenderestB · desireC · fireC · distrestB
- 19 -AAB-CCB revive · knownA · ownA · surpriseB · fair · fireC · direC · ariseB
- 20 -AAB-CCB dowered · pureA · lureA · lovelinessB · starred · fateC · hateC · distressB
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic trimeter. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| I thought that in me utterly | 8 | ·····/˘˘ |
| In life's most fragrant flower | 7 | ···/˘/˘ |
| The sweet woes had lost power, | 7 | ·····/˘ |
| Born in my early years. | 6 | ···/˘· |
| The sweet woes and the tenderest | 8 | ·····/˘˘ |
| Sighs of the heart profound, | 6 | ····˘/ |
| All things whereby a ground | 6 | ······ |
| For joy in life appears. | 6 | ····˘/ |
| How many tears and murmurings | 8 | ·/˘··/˘˘ |
| Did from my new state flow, | 6 | ······ |
| When I my heart of snow | 6 | ······ |
| Discovered void of pain! | 6 | ˘/˘··· |
| Gone was the wonted agony, | 8 | ···/˘/˘˘ |
| And love I could not hold, | 6 | ······ |
| And this my bosom cold | 6 | ···/˘· |
| Gave sighing up as vain. | 6 | ·/˘··· |
| I wept that life so desolate | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| And waste for me was made, | 6 | ······ |
| The earth in gloom arrayed, | 6 | ····˘/ |
| Closed in eternal frost; | 6 | ··˘/˘· |
| The day forlorn, the taciturn | 8 | ··˘/·/˘· |
| Night more obscure and lone; | 6 | ··˘/·· |
| For me no kind moon shone; | 6 | ······ |
| The stars in Heaven were lost. | 7 | ···/˘·· |
| But of that grief the origin | 8 | ·····/˘˘ |
| In old affection lay; | 6 | ··˘/˘· |
| Within my bosom's sway | 6 | ···/˘· |
| My heart was still alive. | 6 | ····˘/ |
| Yet for the wonted images | 8 | ···/˘/˘˘ |
| The weary fancy sighed; | 6 | ·/˘/˘· |
| My sorrow's boundless tide | 6 | ·/˘/˘· |
| With pain did ever strive. | 6 | ···/˘· |
| Ere long in me that agony | 8 | ·····/˘˘ |
| Of pain was wholly spent, | 6 | ···/˘· |
| And further to lament | 6 | ·/˘·˘/ |
| I had no courage left. | 6 | ···/˘· |
| I lay all senseless and amazed, | 9 | ···/˘·˘/˘ |
| I did not ask for balm; | 6 | ······ |
| As though in death's last calm, | 6 | ······ |
| My heart in twain was cleft. | 6 | ······ |
| I was from him how different, | 8 | ·····/˘˘ |
| In whom did ardours shine, | 6 | ···/˘· |
| Who errors all divine | 6 | ·/˘·˘/ |
| Fed in his soul of yore! | 6 | ······ |
| The early swallow vigilant, | 8 | ·/˘/˘/˘˘ |
| Who near the windows gay | 6 | ···/˘· |
| Salutes the rising day, | 6 | ˘/·/˘· |
| Moved this my heart no more; | 6 | ······ |
| Nor did the Autumn pale and sere | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| Where lonely I might dwell; | 6 | ·/˘··· |
| Nor did the evening bell; | 6 | ···/˘· |
| Nor sun that sought the main. | 6 | ······ |
| In vain I saw bright Hesperus | 8 | ·····/˘˘ |
| Shine in celestial round, | 6 | ··˘/˘· |
| In vain the valleys sound | 6 | ···/˘· |
| With nightingale's sweet pain. | 6 | ·/˘˘·· |
| And ye, O eyes of tenderness | 8 | ·····/˘˘ |
| And glances full of joy, | 6 | ·/˘··· |
| Ye, unto lovers coy | 6 | ···/˘· |
| First love that never dies; | 6 | ···/˘· |
| And snowy hand of whitest grace | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| That liest in my own; | 5 | ····· |
| In vain your power is shown, | 7 | ···/˘·· |
| My gloomy mood ne'er flies. | 6 | ·/˘··· |
| Bereft of every happiness, | 9 | ˘/·/˘˘/˘˘ |
| Sad, but not tempest-torn, | 6 | ···/˘· |
| I was not all forlorn, | 6 | ····˘/ |
| My brow became serene. | 6 | ··˘/˘/ |
| I should have murmured for the end | 9 | ···/˘˘··· |
| Of this my life of woe, | 6 | ······ |
| If in me long ago | 6 | ····˘/ |
| Dead had desire not been. | 7 | ··˘/˘·· |
| As in old age decrepitude | 8 | ····˘/˘˘ |
| Makes life disprized and bare, | 6 | ······ |
| My years of youth most fair | 6 | ······ |
| Thus, thus alone were spent; | 6 | ··˘/·· |
| 'Twas thus the days ineffable | 8 | ····˘/˘˘ |
| Thou, O my heart, didst live, | 6 | ······ |
| Days that short joyaunce give, | 5 | ····· |
| By Heaven to us lent. | 6 | ·/˘··· |
| Who the obscure, inglorious | 8 | ··˘/˘/˘˘ |
| Repose bids me now miss? | 6 | ˘/···· |
| What virtue new is this, | 6 | ·/˘··· |
| This that in me I find? | 6 | ······ |
| Emotions sweet, imaginings | 8 | ˘/˘·˘/˘˘ |
| Erroneous and sublime, | 7 | ˘/˘˘·˘/ |
| Are ye not for all time | 6 | ······ |
| The exiles of my mind? | 6 | ·/···· |
| Are ye in truth the only ray | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| Of these my sable years, | 6 | ···/˘· |
| The loves I lost with tears | 6 | ······ |
| In a more tender age? | 6 | ···/˘· |
| Though on the sky or verdant meads | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| Or where I list, I gaze, | 6 | ······ |
| Grief doth my soul amaze, | 6 | ····˘/ |
| And yet delights assuage. | 6 | ··˘/˘/ |
| And with my musing sympathize | 8 | ···/˘/˘· |
| The plains, the woods and hills; | 6 | ······ |
| My heart doth hear the rills, | 6 | ······ |
| And murmur of the sea. | 6 | ·/˘··· |
| Who after such forgetfulness | 8 | ····˘/˘˘ |
| Gives me the gift of tears? | 6 | ······ |
| How is it the earth appears | 7 | ·····˘/ |
| So changed and new to me? | 6 | ······ |
| Perchance fair Hope, O weary heart, | 8 | ˘/···/˘· |
| Hath granted thee a smile? | 6 | ·/˘··· |
| Ah! Hope, so full of guile, | 6 | ······ |
| I'll ne'er again behold. | 6 | ··˘/˘/ |
| My fond delusions and desires | 9 | ··˘/˘·˘/˘ |
| None else than Nature gave, | 6 | ···/˘· |
| My native ardour brave | 6 | ·/˘/˘· |
| Grief did in bondage hold, | 6 | ···/˘· |
| Though not destroy: 'twas unsubdued | 7 | ··˘/··· |
| By misery and fate, | 6 | ·/˘˘·· |
| Nor did it death await | 6 | ····˘/ |
| From Truth's unhallowed gaze. | 6 | ··˘/˘· |
| To my divine imagining | 8 | ··˘/˘/˘˘ |
| I know that she is strange; | 6 | ······ |
| I know that Nature's range | 6 | ···/˘· |
| Lies far from Mercy's ways; | 6 | ···/˘· |
| That not for weal solicitous | 8 | ····˘/˘˘ |
| She is, for life alone; | 6 | ····˘/ |
| She bids us live to groan, | 6 | ······ |
| For nothing else she cares. | 6 | ·/˘··· |
| I know that the unfortunate | 8 | ····˘/˘˘ |
| No pity find below, | 6 | ·/˘··· |
| That from the sight of woe | 6 | ······ |
| Men hurry unawares; | 6 | ·/˘·˘/ |
| That this our age so reprobate | 9 | ··/˘··/˘˘ |
| Scorns virtue and renown; | 6 | ·/˘·˘/ |
| That glory fails to crown | 6 | ·/˘··· |
| The noble, learned toil. | 5 | ·/˘·· |
| And you, ye eyes so tremulous, | 8 | ·····/˘˘ |
| Ye glances all divine, | 6 | ·/˘·˘/ |
| I know you idly shine, | 6 | ···/˘· |
| And far from love recoil. | 6 | ····˘/ |
| There is no wondrous, intimate | 8 | ···/˘/˘· |
| Affection in your gaze; | 6 | ˘/˘··· |
| No spark ere long to blaze, | 6 | ······ |
| Lies in that snowy breast; | 6 | ···/˘· |
| For it doth mock the tenderest | 8 | ·····/˘˘ |
| Emotion and desire; | 7 | ˘/˘·˘/˘ |
| And a celestial fire | 7 | ··˘/˘/˘ |
| By deep scorn is distrest. | 6 | ······ |
| And yet in me I feel revive | 8 | ······˘/ |
| The dear illusions known: | 6 | ··˘/˘· |
| My soul looks on its own | 6 | ······ |
| Sensations with surprise. | 6 | ˘/˘·˘/ |
| From thee, my heart, this last and fair | 8 | ········ |
| Spirit and inborn fire, | 7 | /˘·/·/˘ |
| All comforts in my dire | 6 | ·/˘··· |
| Grief, but from thee arise. | 6 | ····˘/ |
| I feel my spirit is not dowered, | 9 | ···/˘···˘ |
| Though lofty, sweet, and pure, | 6 | ·/˘··· |
| By Nature, Fortune's lure, | 6 | ·/˘/˘· |
| The world, or loveliness: | 6 | ···/˘˘ |
| But if thou livest, O, ill-starred, | 9 | ········˘ |
| And yieldest not to Fate, | 6 | ·/˘··· |
| I'll ne'er as cruel hate | 6 | ···/˘· |
| Who gave me life's distress. | 6 | ····˘/ |
The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.