The Memories

Giacomo Leopardi (1798–1837), translated by Frederick Townsend · 1887

iambic pentameter · unrhymed · 172 lines · from The Poems of Leopardi

Ye stars of Ursa's sign, I did not thinkI should return, as formerly, to gazeUpon you, shining on my father's garden,And with you to hold parley from the windowsOf this old mansion where in youth I dwelt,And of my joys beheld the bitter end.How many strange imaginings of yoreYour aspect and the stars that near you shine,Created in my thoughts when 'twas my wont,In silence wrapped, on verdant sward reclining,To pass the hours of evening, gazing longUpon the sky and list'ning to the soundThat issued from frog-haunted marshes far.'Twas then the glow-worm hovered round the hedgesAnd o'er the beds of flowers; while to the windThe fragrant alleys rustled, and beyondThe cypress forest moaned; and 'neath our roofVoices proceeded, and the quiet workOf the attendants. And what thoughts immense,What sweetest dreams inspired me at the viewOf that far-distant sea, those azure mountains,Which yonder I discern, and which some dayI hoped to cross, an unknown world, unknownFelicity depicting to my years!This life of mine, so painful and so bare,I willingly with death would have exchanged!

Nor did my heart foretell I should be doomedTo consummate my youthful years in thisMy native hamlet rude; amid a raceRibaldrous, vile; to which are names most strange,And often themes of mockery and jibes,Learning and science; and it hates and shuns me,Not out of envy, for it does not deemMy worth superior, but because it knowsThat in my heart I think so, though thereofAn outward sign to none I ever gave.Here do I pass my years, abandoned, hidden,And without love or life; and needs amidA rabble so malignant, bitter grow;Here I discard all pity and all virtue,And a despiser of mankind become,Because of those around me; and, meanwhile,The cherished time of youth escapes, more dearThan fame or laurels, dearer than the pureRadiance of day and vital breath; I lose theeWithout a joy, and uselessly, in thisInhuman dwelling-place, immersed in woes,Of barren life thou solitary flower!

I hear the wind that wafts the striking timeFrom yonder village-clock. I well rememberThat sound was the sole comfort to my nights,When as a child, in darkness of my room,I passed a sleepless vigil, full of terrors,Sighing for day. Around me there is nothingI see or hear, whence fancies old do notReturn, or sweet remembrances arise,Sweet in themselves; but full of pain appearsThe present to my mind, the vain desireFor what is past, though sad, the thought "I was!"Yon loggia, turned towards the dying lightOf the expiring day; these pictured walls,Those herds that live in painting, and the sunO'er lonely country rising, to my leisureGave many joys, what time my mighty errorBeside me stood, wherever I might be,Prompting my heart. Here in these ancient halls,When shone the snow without, and stormy blastsWere whistling round these ample windows high,My pleasures had their scene, and my gay laughRe-echoed in that time when we supposeThe bitter, cruel mystery of thingsEntirely sweet; an inexperienced lover,Admiring heavenly beauty he conceives,The youth pays court unto his life which yetBefore him lies untasted, unconsumed.

Ye hopes, ye vanished hopes, ye sweet illusionsOf my beginning years! always in songTo you I come; and although time doth fly,And thoughts do change, and even affections vary,Forget you, I shall never. Shades, I know,Are glory and honour, riches and delight,Merest desire; life doth not yield a fruit,Tis useless misery. And although emptyAre these my years, and desolate and darkMy lot on earth, I see that fortune keepsLittle from me. Alas! but when my thoughtsRecur to you, oh ye my ancient hopes!And to my fond imagining of yore,And then consider my existence, madeSo painful and so vile that death is allThat of such high aspiring still is mine:I feel my heart contract, I feel that whollyThere is no consolation for my fate.And when at last this long implored for deathShall come to me, and thus the end be reachedOf all my woes; when to my soul this earthShall be a vale remote; and from my sightThe future shall escape: of ye in truthI will be mindful, and even then your imageWill make me sigh, will make the thought most bitterThat I have lived in vain, and even the sweetnessOf dying it will temper with affliction.

Even in the earliest youthful turbulenceOf happiness, of anguish, of desire,I often called for death; and long I satOut there, upon the margin of yon fountain,And thought of ending in that lucid streamMy hope and pain. But soon Misfortune blindConducted me through life's most various maze,And I then wept for youth and for the flowerOf my ill-fated days, that ere its timeWithered; and often through belated hoursUpon my bed reclining, mournfullyConning my verses at the lamp's dim ray,With silence and with night I did lamentMy spirit flying hence, and on myselfIn languid pain a funeral dirge I sang.

Who without sighing can remember ye,O early dawn of youth, O happy daysCharming beyond narration? When on manFair women first do smile and make him blestWith tokens of their love; when all aroundIs radiant; when even envy still is silent,Not yet roused, or else kind; and when it seems,Oh unaccustomed miracle! the worldDoth offer him a helping, generous hand,Forgives his errors, celebrated his newArrival in this life, and full of homageAppears to hail him and receive him lord?Ah fleeting days! As swift as lightning's flashThey disappear. And who of those on earthCan be to woe a stranger, if for himThat season is no more, if his fair time,If youth, ah youth! for evermore be gone?

O my Nerina I and perchance of theeThese scenes I hear not tell? Art thou perchanceFallen from my recollection? Where art thou,That here of thee the memory aloneI find, my sweetest love? This native soilSees thee no more; that window, whence thy wontIt was to hold discourse with me, and whenceSadly the starry radiance is reflected,Is desolate. Where art thou, that no moreI hear thy voice as in a former day,When every distant accent from thy lipsThat reached mine ear, had in it such a charm,It changed my hue? Those times are gone. Those daysAre over, my adored. Thou passedst. OthersBy Fate are now allowed on earth to liveAnd make their dwelling 'mid these fragrant hills.But far too rapidly thy life did end,Even as a dream. It was thy wont to dance,And on thy brow shone joy, and in thine eyesThat fond imagining, that radiant lightOf youth, when Fate extinguished them, and thouDidst lie in death. Ah me, Nerina! StillThe old love reigns in my heart. If I at timesTo festive pleasures go, unto myselfI say: "Alas, Nerina I For such joysThou dost no more array thee, nor proceed."If May returns, and flowers and roundelaysThe lovers offer to their well-beloved,I say, "Nerina mine! for thee no moreDoth Spring return, nor do the sweets of love."Each day serene in beauty, and each bedOf flowers I see, each joyaunce that I feel,I say: "Nerina now no more enjoys them,Nor sees the earth and sky." Ah, thou art gone,Thou my eternal sigh, gone: and unitedWith all my musings, with my tenderest feelings,And with the heart's emotions, sad yet dear.Shall be for aye the bitter memory.

Words in this poem 30
mansion n.
A dwelling place, -- whether a part or whole of a house or other shelter. [OF. mansion, F. maison, fr. L. mansio a staying, remaining, a dwelling, habitation, fr. manere, mansum, to stay, dwell; akin to Gr. Manse, Manor, Menagerie, Men]
yore adv.
In time long past; in old time; long since. [OE. , yare, , AS. geára;akin to geár a year, E. year. Year.]
yonder adv.
At a distance, but within view. [OE. yonder, ýonder; cf. OD. ginder, Goth. jaindr there. Yond, adv.]
willingly adv.
In a willing manner; with free will; without reluctance; cheerfully.
amid prep.
In the midst or middle of; surrounded or encompassed by; among. [OE. amidde, amiddes, on midden, AS. on middan, in the middle, fr. midde the middle. The s is an adverbial ending, originally marking the genitive; the t is a la]
ribaldrous a.
Of a ribald quality.
deem v. t.
To decide; to judge; to sentence; to condemn. [OE. demen to judge, condemn, AS. d, fr. d doom; akin to OFries. d, OS. ad, D. doemen, OHG. tuommen, Icel. dæma, Sw. dömma, Dan. dömme, Goth. d. See Doom, n., an]
needs adv.
Of necessity; necessarily; indispensably; -- often with must, and equivalent to of need. [Orig. gen. of need, used as an adverb. Cf. - wards.]
despiser n.
One who despises; a contemner; a scorner.
meanwhile n.
The intervening time; as, in the meantime (or mean time).
sleepless a.
Having no sleep; wakeful.
vigil n.
Abstinence from sleep, whether at a time when sleep is customary or not; the act of keeping awake, or the state of being awake, or the state of being awake; sleeplessness; wakefulness; watch. [OE. vigile, L. vigilia, from vigil awake, watchful, probably akin to E. wake: cf. F. vigile. See Wake, v. i., and cf. Reveille, Surveillance, Vedette, Vegetable]
expiring a.
Breathing out air from the lungs; emitting fluid or volatile matter; exhaling; breathing the last breath; dying; ending; terminating.
pictured a.
Furnished with pictures; represented by a picture or pictures; as, a pictured scene.
wherever adv.
At or in whatever place; wheresoever.
admiring a.
Expressing admiration; as, an admiring glance.
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
honour n.
Esteem due or paid to worth; high estimation; respect; consideration; reverence; veneration; manifestation of respect or reverence. [OE. honor, honour, onour, onur, OF. honor, onor, honur, onur, honour, onour, F. honneur, fr. L. honor, honos.]
recur v. i.
To come back; to return again or repeatedly; to come again to mind. [L. recurrere; pref.re- re- + currere to run. See Current.]
aspiring a.
That aspires; as, an Aspiring mind.
vale n.
A tract of low ground, or of land between hills; a valley. [OE. val, F. val, L. vallis; perhaps akin to Gr. Avalanche, Vail to lower, Valley.]
mindful a.
Bearing in mind; regardful; attentive; heedful; observant.
maze n.
A wild fancy; a confused notion. [OE. mase; cf. OE. masen to confuse, puzzle, Norweg. masast to fall into a slumber, masa to be continually busy, prate, chatter, Icel. masa to chatter, dial. Sw.]
belated a.
Delayed beyond the usual time; too late; overtaken by night; benighted.
dirge n.
A piece of music of a mournful character, to accompany funeral rites; a funeral hymn. [Contraction of Lat. dirige, direct thou (imperative of dirigere), the first word of a funeral hymn (Lat. transl. of Psalm v. 8) beginning, "Dirige, Domine, in c]
generous a.
Of honorable birth or origin; highborn. [F. généreux, fr. L. generous of noble birth, noble, excellent, magnanimous, fr. genus birth, race: cf. It. generoso. See 2d Gender.]
evermore adv.
During eternity; always; forever; for an indefinite period; at all times; -- often used substantively with for.
sadly adv.
Wearily; heavily; firmly.
starry a.
Abounding with stars; adorned with stars.
didst
, the 2d pers. sing. imp. of Do.

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

The Memories is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Poems of Leopardi, Project Gutenberg ebook #53020, the Frederick Townsend translation; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Giacomo Leopardi, The Memories, in The Poems of Leopardi (1887), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #53020, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/leopardi-poems/the-memories.html, id L15302.

Form and metre

The Memories is 172 lines in 7 verse paragraphs. It is unrhymed, as far as the pronouncing dictionary can tell. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 88%). 94% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 10.3 syllables. 35 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 58% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in iambic pentameter, other poems in blank verse.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 -A-A-----BB--------------- think · gazeA · garden · windowsA · dwelt · end · yore · shine · wont · recliningB · longB · sound · far · hedges · wind · beyond · roof · work · immense · view · mountains · day · unknown · years · bare · exchanged
  2. 2 -A---B-C----------BAC- doomed · thisA · race · strange · jibes · meB · deem · knowsC · thereof · gave · hidden · amid · grow · virtue · become · meanwhile · dear · pure · theeB · thisA · woesC · flower
  3. 3 ----A--A----B---CB-C------- time · remember · nights · room · terrorsA · nothing · not · ariseA · appears · desire · was · light · wallsB · sun · leisure · error · beC · hallsB · blasts · highC · laugh · suppose · things · lover · conceives · yet · unconsumed
  4. 4 -----A---------------A----- illusions · song · fly · vary · know · delightA · fruit · empty · dark · keeps · thoughts · hopes · yore · made · all · mine · wholly · fate · death · reached · earth · sightA · truth · image · bitter · sweetness · affliction
  5. 5 ------A--A----- turbulence · desire · sat · fountain · stream · blind · mazeA · flower · time · hoursA · mournfully · ray · lament · myself · sang
  6. 7 ------------AA----------------B---B--- thee · perchance · thou · alone · soil · wont · whence · reflected · more · day · lips · charm · daysA · othersA · live · hills · end · dance · eyes · light · thou · still · times · myself · joys · proceed · roundelays · beloved · more · love · bedB · feel · them · gone · unitedB · feelings · dear · memory
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
Ye stars of Ursa's sign, I did not think10···/˘·····
I should return, as formerly, to gaze10··˘/·/˘˘··
Upon you, shining on my father's garden,11···/˘··/˘/˘
And with you to hold parley from the windows11·····/˘··/˘
Of this old mansion where in youth I dwelt,10···/˘·····
And of my joys beheld the bitter end.10····˘/·/˘·
How many strange imaginings of yore10·/˘·˘/˘˘··
Your aspect and the stars that near you shine,10·/········
Created in my thoughts when 'twas my wont,10˘/˘·······
In silence wrapped, on verdant sward reclining,11·/˘··/˘·˘/˘
To pass the hours of evening, gazing long10···/·/˘/˘·
Upon the sky and list'ning to the sound10··········
That issued from frog-haunted marshes far.10·/˘··/˘/˘·
'Twas then the glow-worm hovered round the hedges11·····/˘··/˘
And o'er the beds of flowers; while to the wind10·····/····
The fragrant alleys rustled, and beyond10·/˘/˘/˘···
The cypress forest moaned; and 'neath our roof10·/˘/˘···/·
Voices proceeded, and the quiet work10/˘˘/˘··/˘·
Of the attendants. And what thoughts immense,10··˘/˘···˘/
What sweetest dreams inspired me at the view10·/˘·˘/····
Of that far-distant sea, those azure mountains,11···/˘··/˘/˘
Which yonder I discern, and which some day10·/˘·˘/····
I hoped to cross, an unknown world, unknown10·····˘/·˘/
Felicity depicting to my years!10˘/˘˘˘/˘···
This life of mine, so painful and so bare,10·····/˘···
I willingly with death would have exchanged!10·/˘˘····˘/
Nor did my heart foretell I should be doomed10····˘/····
To consummate my youthful years in this10·/˘··/˘···
My native hamlet rude; amid a race10·/˘/˘·˘/··
Ribaldrous, vile; to which are names most strange,10/˘˘·······
And often themes of mockery and jibes,10·/˘··/˘˘··
Learning and science; and it hates and shuns me,11/˘·/˘······
Not out of envy, for it does not deem10···/˘·····
My worth superior, but because it knows10··˘/˘·····
That in my heart I think so, though thereof10··········
An outward sign to none I ever gave.10·/˘····/˘·
Here do I pass my years, abandoned, hidden,11······˘/˘/˘
And without love or life; and needs amid10········˘/
A rabble so malignant, bitter grow;10·/˘·˘/˘/˘·
Here I discard all pity and all virtue,11··˘/·/˘··/˘
And a despiser of mankind become,10··˘/˘·//˘/
Because of those around me; and, meanwhile,10········/·
The cherished time of youth escapes, more dear10·/˘···˘/··
Than fame or laurels, dearer than the pure10···/˘/˘···
Radiance of day and vital breath; I lose thee11/˘···/˘····
Without a joy, and uselessly, in this11···········
Inhuman dwelling-place, immersed in woes,10˘/˘/˘·˘/··
Of barren life thou solitary flower!11·/˘··/˘·˘/˘
I hear the wind that wafts the striking time10·······/˘·
From yonder village-clock. I well remember11·/˘/˘···˘/˘
That sound was the sole comfort to my nights,10·····/˘···
When as a child, in darkness of my room,10·····/˘···
I passed a sleepless vigil, full of terrors,11···/˘/˘··/˘
Sighing for day. Around me there is nothing11/˘·······/˘
I see or hear, whence fancies old do not10·····/˘···
Return, or sweet remembrances arise,10˘/··˘/˘˘˘/
Sweet in themselves; but full of pain appears10··˘/····˘/
The present to my mind, the vain desire11·/˘·····˘/˘
For what is past, though sad, the thought "I was!"10··········
Yon loggia, turned towards the dying light10·/˘˘···/˘·
Of the expiring day; these pictured walls,10··˘/˘··/˘·
Those herds that live in painting, and the sun10·····/˘···
O'er lonely country rising, to my leisure11·/˘/˘/˘··/˘
Gave many joys, what time my mighty error11·/˘····/˘/˘
Beside me stood, wherever I might be,10˘/··˘/˘···
Prompting my heart. Here in these ancient halls,10/˘·····/˘·
When shone the snow without, and stormy blasts10·······/˘·
Were whistling round these ample windows high,10·/˘··/˘/˘·
My pleasures had their scene, and my gay laugh10·/˘·······
Re-echoed in that time when we suppose10·/˘·····˘/
The bitter, cruel mystery of things10·/˘/˘/˘˘··
Entirely sweet; an inexperienced lover,11˘/˘··˘˘/˘/˘
Admiring heavenly beauty he conceives,10˘/˘/˘/˘·˘/
The youth pays court unto his life which yet10··········
Before him lies untasted, unconsumed.10··········
Ye hopes, ye vanished hopes, ye sweet illusions11···/˘···˘/˘
Of my beginning years! always in song10··˘/˘·/···
To you I come; and although time doth fly,10··········
And thoughts do change, and even affections vary,11·····/˘/˘/˘
Forget you, I shall never. Shades, I know,10˘/···/˘···
Are glory and honour, riches and delight,11·/˘·/˘/˘·˘/
Merest desire; life doth not yield a fruit,10/˘˘/······
Tis useless misery. And although empty11·/˘/˘˘···/˘
Are these my years, and desolate and dark10·····/˘···
My lot on earth, I see that fortune keeps10·······/˘·
Little from me. Alas! but when my thoughts10/˘··˘/····
Recur to you, oh ye my ancient hopes!10˘/·····/˘·
And to my fond imagining of yore,10····˘/˘˘··
And then consider my existence, made10··˘/˘·˘/˘·
So painful and so vile that death is all10·/˘·······
That of such high aspiring still is mine:10····˘/˘···
I feel my heart contract, I feel that wholly11····˘/···/˘
There is no consolation for my fate.10····˘/˘···
And when at last this long implored for death10······˘/··
Shall come to me, and thus the end be reached10··········
Of all my woes; when to my soul this earth10··········
Shall be a vale remote; and from my sight10····˘/····
The future shall escape: of ye in truth10·/˘·˘/····
I will be mindful, and even then your image11···/˘·/··/˘
Will make me sigh, will make the thought most bitter11·········/˘
That I have lived in vain, and even the sweetness11·······/·/˘
Of dying it will temper with affliction.11·/˘··/˘·˘/˘
Even in the earliest youthful turbulence11/··/˘˘/˘/˘˘
Of happiness, of anguish, of desire,11·/˘˘·/˘·˘/˘
I often called for death; and long I sat10·/˘·······
Out there, upon the margin of yon fountain,11·····/˘··/˘
And thought of ending in that lucid stream10···/˘··/˘·
My hope and pain. But soon Misfortune blind10······˘/˘·
Conducted me through life's most various maze,10˘/˘····/˘·
And I then wept for youth and for the flower11·········/˘
Of my ill-fated days, that ere its time10···/˘·····
Withered; and often through belated hours11/˘·/˘·˘/˘/˘
Upon my bed reclining, mournfully10····˘/˘···
Conning my verses at the lamp's dim ray,10/˘·/˘·····
With silence and with night I did lament10·/˘·····˘/
My spirit flying hence, and on myself10·/˘/˘····/
In languid pain a funeral dirge I sang.10·/˘··/˘···
Who without sighing can remember ye,10···/˘·˘/˘·
O early dawn of youth, O happy days10·/˘····/˘·
Charming beyond narration? When on man10/˘··˘/˘···
Fair women first do smile and make him blest10·/˘·······
With tokens of their love; when all around10·/˘·······
Is radiant; when even envy still is silent,11·/˘·//˘··/˘
Not yet roused, or else kind; and when it seems,10··········
Oh unaccustomed miracle! the world10··˘/˘/˘˘··
Doth offer him a helping, generous hand,10·/˘··/˘/˘·
Forgives his errors, celebrated his new11˘/·/˘/˘·˘··
Arrival in this life, and full of homage11˘/˘······/˘
Appears to hail him and receive him lord?10˘/····˘/··
Ah fleeting days! As swift as lightning's flash10·/˘····/˘·
They disappear. And who of those on earth10··˘/······
Can be to woe a stranger, if for him10·····/˘···
That season is no more, if his fair time,10·/˘·······
If youth, ah youth! for evermore be gone?10·····/˘···
O my Nerina I and perchance of thee11·······˘/··
These scenes I hear not tell? Art thou perchance10········˘/
Fallen from my recollection? Where art thou,11/˘···˘/˘···
That here of thee the memory alone10·····/˘˘˘/
I find, my sweetest love? This native soil10···/˘··/˘·
Sees thee no more; that window, whence thy wont10·····/˘···
It was to hold discourse with me, and whence10····/˘····
Sadly the starry radiance is reflected,11/˘·/˘/˘·˘/˘
Is desolate. Where art thou, that no more10·/˘·······
I hear thy voice as in a former day,10·······/˘·
When every distant accent from thy lips10·/˘/˘/····
That reached mine ear, had in it such a charm,10··········
It changed my hue? Those times are gone. Those days10··········
Are over, my adored. Thou passedst. Others11····˘/···/˘
By Fate are now allowed on earth to live10····˘/····
And make their dwelling 'mid these fragrant hills.10···/˘··/˘·
But far too rapidly thy life did end,10···/˘˘····
Even as a dream. It was thy wont to dance,10/·········
And on thy brow shone joy, and in thine eyes10··········
That fond imagining, that radiant light10··˘/˘˘·/˘·
Of youth, when Fate extinguished them, and thou10····˘/˘···
Didst lie in death. Ah me, Nerina! Still10··········
The old love reigns in my heart. If I at times11···········
To festive pleasures go, unto myself10·/˘/˘····/
I say: "Alas, Nerina I For such joys11··˘/·······
Thou dost no more array thee, nor proceed."10····˘/··˘/
If May returns, and flowers and roundelays10··˘/·/····
The lovers offer to their well-beloved,10·/˘/˘···˘/
I say, "Nerina mine! for thee no more10··········
Doth Spring return, nor do the sweets of love."10··˘/······
Each day serene in beauty, and each bed10··˘/·/˘···
Of flowers I see, each joyaunce that I feel,10·/˘·······
I say: "Nerina now no more enjoys them,11········˘/·
Nor sees the earth and sky." Ah, thou art gone,10··········
Thou my eternal sigh, gone: and united11··˘/˘···˘/˘
With all my musings, with my tenderest feelings,11···/˘··/˘/˘
And with the heart's emotions, sad yet dear.10····˘/˘···
Shall be for aye the bitter memory.10·····/˘/˘˘

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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