The First Love

Giacomo Leopardi (1798–1837), translated by Frederick Townsend · 1887

iambic pentameter · 102 lines · from The Poems of Leopardi

The day once more within my memory livesWhen first I felt the affray of Love, and said:"Ah me, if this be Love, what pangs he gives!"Unto the earth I bent mine eyes and head,Beholding her from whom my heart did learnThe first and stainless passion whence it bled.Love, to dire goal thou didst my fancy turn!Why should so tender an affection stingWith such desire, such agonies that burn?Why not serene, and with unfettered wing,Why full of frenzy and of loud lamentInto my heart didst thou thy joyaunce bring?Tell me, my tender heart, what terror sentA shaft through thee, what anguish 'mid the thought,Beside which paled whate'er was once content?That thought by day with flattering pleasure fraught.By night as well, unto my mind appeared,When worlds the silence of deep shadows sought.Restless, yet happy, though to grief endeared,Thou on my pillows didst alarm my frameWith palpitations, every minute feared.And where I sad and grieved and weary cameTo close mine eyes in slumber, feverish fireAnd frenzy roused me, sleep could never tame.How 'mid the shades, the queen of my desireUprose with vivid splendour, and mine eyesGazed on her closed, the lids not rising higher!How many a thrill of sweet emotion fliesThrough my glad frame which joyous ardours seize!How many thoughts within my soul arise,Uncertain, undefined! Thus 'mid the treesOf ancient forests doth a murmur sound,Vague, deep of tone, in answer to the breeze.And whilst in silence all my thoughts were bound,What said'st thou, heart, when she went far away,For whom a world of passion thou hadst found?I scarce within me felt the heat a day,Arising from Love's furnace, when the airWhereon it came, to scenes remote did stray.At early dawn I lay in sleepless care;Before our house the horses pranced, ere longTo make me of my only joyaunce bare!And I, to whom misgivings vague belong,These orbs did idly in the shadows strain,And forced my hearing with an effort strongTo catch the voice, last token I could gainFrom the fair lips of her whom I revere:All else, alas! hath Heaven from me ta'en.How many a time struck on my doubtful earPlebean cries and accents, and I frozeIn all my frame, my heart appalled with fear!And when at last within my heart I closeThe voice so well beloved, and hear the raceOf wheels and horses as the carriage goes:Knowing myself despoiled, I hide my face,And shut mine eyes, and sink upon my bed,And sigh, and on my heart my hand I place.After a while with wavering limbs I treadAs one amazed, along the silent room,And "What power else hath struck my heart?" I said.Then the remembrance with most bitter gloomSettled within my bosom; and my soulBecame to all the scenes of life a tomb,And seas of anguish through my being roll,And I did feel as when the torrents drearPour from the clouds, and shades o'ercast the wholeSpace of the sky; nor born for many a tear,Knew I the youth of vanished years twice nine,When for all pleasure scorn alone was mine,Nor dear the quiet dawn or meadows greenOr joyous radiance of the stars that shine.The love of glory was no more the queenOf this my soul, which it before did burn,For love of beauty reigned there all serene.To wonted studies no more thoughts I turn,And those unto my fancy idle seemFor which all other thoughts I used to spurn.Ah! I myself another self must deemThat so much love another love hath ta'en!We are, in truth, vain as an empty dream!Only my heart did please me, and we twainIn an eternal dialogue immersed,I loved to sit, the guardian of my pain.Mine eyes bent on the ground or else inversedWithin myself, on lovely face to gazeOr on a form unpleasing, never durst:For the unspotted image to eraseThat dwelt within my bosom, much I feared,As calm lakes ruffle when the zephyr plays.And the remorse that not enough I cheeredMy heart with joy, a thought so full of painThat pleasures past it maketh unendeared,Rankled within me in the days that wane,For shame could not my cloudless soul appal,Nor hue of indignation my brow stain.To Heaven, to you, ye gentle lovers all,I swear no evil will did in me strive,None could my fire base and ignoble call.That fire yet lives, my love is yet alive,Still in my thought the beauteous image reigns,Whence other joys than from the skies derive,I never felt; enough content remains.

Words in this poem 21
beholding a.
Obliged; beholden.
stainless a.
Free from stain; immaculate.
dire a.
Ill-boding; portentous; as, dire omens. [L. dirus; of uncertain origin.]
didst
, the 2d pers. sing. imp. of Do.
fraught n.
A freight; a cargo. [OE.fraight, fraght; akin to Dan. fragt, Sw. frakt, D. vracht, G. fracht, cf. OHG. fr merit, reward; perh. from corresponding to E. for + The root of E. own. Cf.]
splendour n.
Great brightness; brilliant luster; brilliancy; as, the splendor ot the sun. B. Jonson. [L. fr. splendere to shine: cf. F. splendeur.]
went n.
Course; way; path; journey; direction.
scarce a.
Not plentiful or abundant; in small quantity in proportion to the demand; not easily to be procured; rare; uncommon. [OE. scars, OF. escars, eschars, LL. scarpsus, for L. excerptus, p. p. of excerpere to pick out, and hence to contract, to shorten; ex (see Ex-) + carpere. See C]
whereon adv.
On which; -- used relatively; as, the earth whereon we live.
sleepless a.
Having no sleep; wakeful.
revere v. t.
To regard with reverence, or profound respect and affection, mingled with awe or fear; to venerate; to reverence; to honor in estimation. [L. revereri; pref. re- re- + vereri to fear, perh. akin to E. wary: cf. F. révérer.]
drear n.
Sadness; dismalness.
wonted a.
Accustomed; customary; usual.
spurn v. t.
To drive back or away, as with the foot; to kick. [OE. spurnen to kick against, to stumble over, AS. spurnan to kick, offend; akin to spura spur, OS. & OHG. spurnan to kick, Icel. spyrna, L. spernere to despise,]
deem v. t.
To decide; to judge; to sentence; to condemn. [OE. demen to judge, condemn, AS. d, fr. d doom; akin to OFries. d, OS. ad, D. doemen, OHG. tuommen, Icel. dæma, Sw. dömma, Dan. dömme, Goth. d. See Doom, n., an]
twain a.
Two;- nearly obsolete in common discourse, but used in poetry and burlesque. [OE. twein, tweien, tweyne, AS. twegen, masc. See Two.]
unspotted a.
Not spotted; free from spot or stain; especially, free from moral stain; unblemished; immaculate; as, an unspotted reputation.
zephyr n.
The west wind; poetically, any soft, gentle breeze. [L. zephyrus, Gr. zéphyr.]
cloudless a.
Without a cloud; clear; bright.
beauteous a.
Full of beauty; beautiful; very handsome. [Mostly poetic] -- Beau"te*ous*ly, adv. --
derive v. t.
To turn the course of, as water; to divert and distribute into subordinate channels; to diffuse; to communicate; to transmit; -- followed by to, into, on, upon. [F. dériver, L. derivare; de- + rivus stream, brook. See Rival.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

The First Love is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Poems of Leopardi, Project Gutenberg ebook #53020, the Frederick Townsend translation; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Giacomo Leopardi, The First Love, in The Poems of Leopardi (1887), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #53020, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/leopardi-poems/the-first-love.html, id L15293.

Form and metre

The First Love is 102 lines in a single stanza. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 91%). 98% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 10.0 syllables. 3 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 34% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in iambic pentameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 ABABCBCDCDEDEFEFGFGHGHIHIJIJKJKLKLMLMNMNONOPOPQ-QRQ-SRSTSTUTUVUVWVWXXYXYZYZaZa-abcb-dc-edefef-fghghihi livesA · saidB · givesA · headB · learnC · bledB · turnC · stingD · burnC · wingD · lamentE · bringD · sentE · thoughtF · contentE · fraughtF · appearedG · soughtF · endearedG · frameH · fearedG · cameH · fireI · tameH · desireI · eyesJ · higherI · fliesJ · seizeK · ariseJ · treesK · soundL · breezeK · boundL · awayM · foundL · dayM · airN · strayM · careN · longO · bareN · belongO · strainP · strongO · gainP · revereQ · ta'en · earQ · frozeR · fearQ · close · raceS · goesR · faceS · bedT · placeS · treadT · roomU · saidT · gloomU · soulV · tombU · rollV · drearW · wholeV · tearW · nineX · mineX · greenY · shineX · queenY · burnZ · sereneY · turnZ · seema · spurnZ · deema · ta'en · dreama · twainb · immersedc · painb · inversed · gazed · durstc · erase · fearede · playsd · cheerede · painf · unendearede · wanef · appal · stainf · allg · striveh · callg · aliveh · reignsi · deriveh · remainsi
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
The day once more within my memory lives10·······/˘·
When first I felt the affray of Love, and said:11·····˘/····
"Ah me, if this be Love, what pangs he gives!"10··········
Unto the earth I bent mine eyes and head,10··········
Beholding her from whom my heart did learn10˘/˘·······
The first and stainless passion whence it bled.10···/˘/˘···
Love, to dire goal thou didst my fancy turn!10·······/˘·
Why should so tender an affection sting10···/˘·˘/˘·
With such desire, such agonies that burn?10··˘/·/˘˘··
Why not serene, and with unfettered wing,10··˘/··˘/˘·
Why full of frenzy and of loud lament10···/˘···˘/
Into my heart didst thou thy joyaunce bring?9·········
Tell me, my tender heart, what terror sent10···/˘··/˘·
A shaft through thee, what anguish 'mid the thought,10·····/˘···
Beside which paled whate'er was once content?11˘/··˘˘/··/˘
That thought by day with flattering pleasure fraught.10·····/˘/˘·
By night as well, unto my mind appeared,10········˘/
When worlds the silence of deep shadows sought.10···/˘··/··
Restless, yet happy, though to grief endeared,10/˘·/˘···˘/
Thou on my pillows didst alarm my frame10···/˘·˘/··
With palpitations, every minute feared.10··˘/˘/˘/˘·
And where I sad and grieved and weary came10·······/˘·
To close mine eyes in slumber, feverish fire10·····/˘/˘/
And frenzy roused me, sleep could never tame.10·/˘····/˘·
How 'mid the shades, the queen of my desire11········˘/˘
Uprose with vivid splendour, and mine eyes10···/˘/˘···
Gazed on her closed, the lids not rising higher!11·······/˘/˘
How many a thrill of sweet emotion flies10·/····˘/˘·
Through my glad frame which joyous ardours seize!10·····/˘/˘·
How many thoughts within my soul arise,10·/˘·····˘/
Uncertain, undefined! Thus 'mid the trees10˘/˘·˘/····
Of ancient forests doth a murmur sound,10·/˘/˘··/˘·
Vague, deep of tone, in answer to the breeze.10·····/˘···
And whilst in silence all my thoughts were bound,10···/˘·····
What said'st thou, heart, when she went far away,10········˘/
For whom a world of passion thou hadst found?10·····/˘···
I scarce within me felt the heat a day,10··········
Arising from Love's furnace, when the air10˘/˘··/˘···
Whereon it came, to scenes remote did stray.10˘/····˘/··
At early dawn I lay in sleepless care;10·/˘····/˘·
Before our house the horses pranced, ere long10··/··/˘···
To make me of my only joyaunce bare!9·····/˘··
And I, to whom misgivings vague belong,10····˘/˘·˘/
These orbs did idly in the shadows strain,10···/˘··/··
And forced my hearing with an effort strong10···/˘··/˘·
To catch the voice, last token I could gain10·····/˘···
From the fair lips of her whom I revere:10········˘/
All else, alas! hath Heaven from me ta'en.10··˘/·/˘···
How many a time struck on my doubtful ear10·/·····/˘·
Plebean cries and accents, and I froze9····/˘···
In all my frame, my heart appalled with fear!10······˘/··
And when at last within my heart I close10··········
The voice so well beloved, and hear the race10····˘/····
Of wheels and horses as the carriage goes:10···/˘··/˘·
Knowing myself despoiled, I hide my face,10/˘·/······
And shut mine eyes, and sink upon my bed,10··········
And sigh, and on my heart my hand I place.10··········
After a while with wavering limbs I tread10·····/˘···
As one amazed, along the silent room,10··˘/˘/·/˘·
And "What power else hath struck my heart?" I said.10··/·······
Then the remembrance with most bitter gloom10··˘/˘··/˘·
Settled within my bosom; and my soul10/˘···/˘···
Became to all the scenes of life a tomb,10˘/········
And seas of anguish through my being roll,10···/˘··/˘·
And I did feel as when the torrents drear10·······/˘·
Pour from the clouds, and shades o'ercast the whole10··········
Space of the sky; nor born for many a tear,10·······/··
Knew I the youth of vanished years twice nine,10·····/˘···
When for all pleasure scorn alone was mine,10···/˘·˘/··
Nor dear the quiet dawn or meadows green10···/˘··/··
Or joyous radiance of the stars that shine.10·/˘/˘·····
The love of glory was no more the queen10···/˘·····
Of this my soul, which it before did burn,10··········
For love of beauty reigned there all serene.10···/˘···˘/
To wonted studies no more thoughts I turn,10·/˘/˘·····
And those unto my fancy idle seem10·····/˘/˘·
For which all other thoughts I used to spurn.10···/˘·····
Ah! I myself another self must deem10···/˘/˘···
That so much love another love hath ta'en!10····˘/˘···
We are, in truth, vain as an empty dream!10·······/˘·
Only my heart did please me, and we twain10/˘········
In an eternal dialogue immersed,10··˘/˘/˘·˘/
I loved to sit, the guardian of my pain.10·····/˘···
Mine eyes bent on the ground or else inversed10········˘/
Within myself, on lovely face to gaze10···/·/˘···
Or on a form unpleasing, never durst:10·······/˘·
For the unspotted image to erase10··˘/˘/˘·˘/
That dwelt within my bosom, much I feared,10·····/˘···
As calm lakes ruffle when the zephyr plays.10···/˘··/˘·
And the remorse that not enough I cheered10··˘/··˘/··
My heart with joy, a thought so full of pain10··········
That pleasures past it maketh unendeared,10·/˘·······
Rankled within me in the days that wane,10/˘········
For shame could not my cloudless soul appal,10·····/˘···
Nor hue of indignation my brow stain.10····˘/˘···
To Heaven, to you, ye gentle lovers all,10·/···/˘/˘·
I swear no evil will did in me strive,10···/˘·····
None could my fire base and ignoble call.10···/··˘/˘·
That fire yet lives, my love is yet alive,10·/······˘/
Still in my thought the beauteous image reigns,11·····/˘˘/˘·
Whence other joys than from the skies derive,10·/˘·····˘/
I never felt; enough content remains.10·/˘·˘/˘/˘/

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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