On the Marriage of His Sister Paolina
Now that thy home thou leavest,Its happy silence and serene repose,And the ancient error which from Heaven flows,Adorning in thy sight this lone abode,By Fortune led upon the scene of life:Become acquainted with the evil ageWhich destiny devoteth to our years,My sister, who in timesOf strife, dismay, and fears,Proceedest to increase the ill-starred raceOf hapless Italy. Great models placeBefore thine offspring. An unswerving doomTo virtuous enterpriseUnclouded days denies,Nor in a bosom faint can lofty soul find room.Unhappy or else cravenShall be thy sons. Then nobly choose the first.A mighty gulf hath evil custom set'Twixt bravery and fortune. Ah! too slow,And in the sunset of terrestrial things,Doth man begin to suffer and to know.Heaven see'th why. The thought unto thee bringsIts first solicitude,That not in Fortune's netThy sons shall fall, nor be to terror low,Or hope the wretched tools: thence to be hailedHappy and blessed in the future far:For such the habits areOf our ignoble race,That living worth we scorn, and dead in honour place.Our fatherland, O women!Expecteth much from ye; and not to harmOur humankind, lurks in your eyes such charmThat it transcends the power of fire and steel.To gain your praise, the warrior and the sageLabour and think. Where'er the sun doth shine,We see all things your mighty influence feel.Of you the cause I askWhy sank so low our age?Did by your deed the fire of youth divineLanguish and die? By you, our nature madeSo shattered and so base? Our slumbering souls,Our will to shame betrayed,Our native valour spent:Must we for these on you our indignation vent?Love leads to mighty actions,Who knows him well; and of emotions vastIs Beauty the inspirer. Void of loveIs he who feeleth no impassioned fireWhen storms terrific raise their wrathful blast,When sable clouds are darkly seen above,And mountains tremble at their frenzy dire.O wives and virgins fair!From you scorn be his shareWho shuns the path of danger; who ignoresHis country's claim, unworthy; who adoresA lowly idol in his recreant mind;If in your hearts you findThe love of men doth glowAnd not of those who ever trivial fancy show.Scorn to be named the mothersOf an unwarlike race. The trials deepOf virtue let your offspring learn to bear,And in the bondage of contempt to keepWhate'er is honoured by this shameful age.Bid them rise to great actions. Make them knowWhat this our land doth to its fathers owe.Even as the heroes' nameWas held in honoured fameBy Sparta's sons as they increased in years,Until their spouses girded on their sword,And then their death in anguish deep deplored,And rent their hair with tearsWhen from the gory fieldThe warrior was brought home upon his faithful shield.With heavenly skill, Virginia,Did all-prevailing beauty mould thy form,And thy disdain made Rome's ignoble lordIn tempests of fierce passion rage and storm.Yes, thou wast fair, and in those happy yearsWhen pleasing dreams joy to the soul afford,What time thy father's unrelenting swordThy snowy bosom pierced,And thou to Hades darkDidst gladly sink. "May age with wrinkles markMy features, O my father! May the tombAwait me with its everlasting gloom,Ere to the tyrant's bedA victim I be led.Slay me, if Rome be rescued by the blood I shed."O maiden lofty-hearted!Though in thy days the sun more brightly shoneThan now it shines, yet honoured and consoledThy tomb becomes, bewailed by many a moan,Thy native country's sighs. Ah, now, behold!The race of Romulus with new-born ireIs fired around thy tomb. See, tyrants sinkUnto the very dust,And freedom doth inspireThe once oblivious hearts; and o'er the earthSubdued, the Latin valour doth proceedFrom the dark pole even to the torrid clime:And thus eternal Rome,Of languor deep the home,Doth Fate, by woman's hand, revive a second time.
Words in this poem 28
- lone n.
- A lane. See Loanin.
- abode n.
- Act of waiting; delay. [OE. abad, abood, fr. abiden to abide. See Abide. For the change of vowel, cf. abode, imp. of abide.]
- strife n.
- The act of striving; earnest endeavor. [OF. estrif. See Strive.]
- hapless a.
- Without hap or luck; luckless; unfortunate; unlucky; unhappy; as, hapless youth; hapless maid.
- virtuous a.
- Possessing or exhibiting virtue. Specifically: -- (a) Exhibiting manly courage and strength; valorous; valiant; brave. [OE. vertuous, OF. vertuos, vertuous, F. vertueux, fr. L. Virtuous. See Virtue, and cf. Virtuoso.]
- craven v. t.
- To make recreant, weak, spiritless, or cowardly.
- shall v. i.
- To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
- nobly adv.
- Of noble extraction; as, nobly born or descended.
- honour n.
- Esteem due or paid to worth; high estimation; respect; consideration; reverence; veneration; manifestation of respect or reverence. [OE. honor, honour, onour, onur, OF. honor, onor, honur, onur, honour, onour, F. honneur, fr. L. honor, honos.]
- fatherland n.
- One's native land; the native land of one's fathers or ancestors. [Imitated fr. D. vaderland. See Father, and Land.]
- languish v. i.
- To cause to dr Shak.
- inspirer n.
- One who, or that which, inspirer.
- impassioned p. p.
- Actuated or characterized by passion or zeal; showing warmth of feeling; ardent; animated; excited; as, an impassioned orator or discourse.
- wrathful a.
- Full of wrath; very angry; greatly incensed; ireful; passionate; as, a wrathful man.
- sable n.
- A carnivorous animal of the Weasel family (Mustela zibellina) native of the northern latitudes of Europe, Asia, and America, -- noted for its fine, soft, and valuable fur. [OF. sable, F. zibeline sable (in sense 4), LL. sabellum; cf. D. sabel, Dan. sabel, zobel, Sw. sabel, sobel, G. zobel; all fr. Russ. sóbole.]
- dire a.
- Ill-boding; portentous; as, dire omens. [L. dirus; of uncertain origin.]
- idol n.
- An image or representation of anything. [OE. idole, F. idole, L. idolum, fr. Gr. Wit, and cf. Eidolon.]
- trivial a.
- Found anywhere; common. [L. trivialis, properly, that is in, or belongs to, the crossroads or public streets; hence, that may be found everywhere, common, fr. trivium a place where thre]
- gory a.
- Covered with gore or clotted blood. [From Gore.]
- mould n.
- Crumbling, soft, friable earth; esp., earth containing the remains or constituents of organic matter, and suited to the growth of plants; soil. [OE. molde, AS. molde; akin to D. mul, G. mull, mulm, OHG. molt, molta, Icel. mold, Dan. muld, Sw. mull, Goth. mulda, and E. meal flour. See Meal, and cf. Mole a]
- wast
- The second person singular of the verb be, in the indicative mood, imperfect tense; -- now used only in solemn or poetical style.
- unrelenting a.
- Not relenting; unyielding; rigid; hard; stern; cruel.
- snowy a.
- White like snow.
- didst
- , the 2d pers. sing. imp. of Do.
- gladly adv.
- Preferably; by choice. [From Glad, a.]
- await v. t.
- To watch for; to look out for. [OF. awaitier, agaitier; (L. ad) + waitier, gaitier to watch, F. guetter. See Wait.]
- oblivious a.
- Promoting oblivion; causing forgetfulness. [L.obliviosus: cf.F. oblivieux.]
- clime n.
- A climate; a tract or region of the earth. See Climate. [L. clima. See Climate.]
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
On the Marriage of His Sister Paolina is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Poems of Leopardi, Project Gutenberg ebook #53020, the Frederick Townsend translation; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: Giacomo Leopardi, On the Marriage of His Sister Paolina, in The Poems of Leopardi (1887), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #53020, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/leopardi-poems/on-the-marriage-of-his-sister-paolina.html, id L15288.
Form and metre
On the Marriage of His Sister Paolina is 105 lines in a single stanza. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 90%). 95% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 9.0 syllables. 8 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 46% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.
See other poems in iambic pentameter.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Rhyme words, stanza by stanza
The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.
- 1 -AA---B-BCCDEED---FGFG--F-HHII-JJKLMK-LMN-NOO-PQ-PQ-RRSSTTUU-V-V-WWXX-YY-ZZ-aba-bb-ccddeeeefgfgh--h--ijji leavest · reposeA · flowsA · abode · life · age · yearsB · times · fearsB · raceC · placeC · doomD · enterpriseE · deniesE · roomD · craven · first · set · slowF · thingsG · knowF · bringsG · solicitude · net · lowF · hailed · farH · areH · raceI · placeI · women · harmJ · charmJ · steelK · sageL · shineM · feelK · ask · ageL · divineM · madeN · souls · betrayedN · spentO · ventO · actions · vastP · loveQ · fire · blastP · aboveQ · dire · fairR · shareR · ignoresS · adoresS · mindT · findT · glowU · showU · mothers · deepV · bear · keepV · age · knowW · oweW · nameX · fameX · years · swordY · deploredY · tears · fieldZ · shieldZ · virginia · forma · lordb · storma · years · affordb · swordb · pierced · darkc · markc · tombd · gloomd · bede · lede · shede · heartede · shonef · consoledg · moanf · beholdg · ireh · sink · dust · inspireh · earth · proceed · climei · romej · homej · timei
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| Now that thy home thou leavest, | 7 | ·····/˘ |
| Its happy silence and serene repose, | 10 | ·/˘/˘·˘/˘/ |
| And the ancient error which from Heaven flows, | 10 | ··/˘/˘··/· |
| Adorning in thy sight this lone abode, | 10 | ˘/˘·····˘/ |
| By Fortune led upon the scene of life: | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| Become acquainted with the evil age | 10 | ˘/˘/˘··/˘· |
| Which destiny devoteth to our years, | 10 | ·/˘˘˘/˘·/· |
| My sister, who in times | 6 | ·/˘··· |
| Of strife, dismay, and fears, | 6 | ··˘/·· |
| Proceedest to increase the ill-starred race | 10 | ˘/˘·˘/···· |
| Of hapless Italy. Great models place | 10 | ·/˘/˘˘·/˘· |
| Before thine offspring. An unswerving doom | 10 | ···/··˘/˘· |
| To virtuous enterprise | 7 | ·/˘˘/˘· |
| Unclouded days denies, | 6 | ····˘/ |
| Nor in a bosom faint can lofty soul find room. | 12 | ···/˘··/˘··· |
| Unhappy or else craven | 7 | ˘/˘··/˘ |
| Shall be thy sons. Then nobly choose the first. | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| A mighty gulf hath evil custom set | 10 | ·/˘··/˘/˘· |
| 'Twixt bravery and fortune. Ah! too slow, | 10 | ·/˘˘·/˘··· |
| And in the sunset of terrestrial things, | 10 | ···/··˘/˘· |
| Doth man begin to suffer and to know. | 10 | ··˘/·/˘··· |
| Heaven see'th why. The thought unto thee brings | 10 | /˘········ |
| Its first solicitude, | 6 | ··˘/˘· |
| That not in Fortune's net | 6 | ···/˘· |
| Thy sons shall fall, nor be to terror low, | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Or hope the wretched tools: thence to be hailed | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Happy and blessed in the future far: | 10 | /˘··˘··/˘· |
| For such the habits are | 6 | ···/˘· |
| Of our ignoble race, | 7 | ·/˘˘/˘· |
| That living worth we scorn, and dead in honour place. | 12 | ·/˘······/˘· |
| Our fatherland, O women! | 8 | /˘/˘··/˘ |
| Expecteth much from ye; and not to harm | 10 | ˘/˘······· |
| Our humankind, lurks in your eyes such charm | 10 | //˘······· |
| That it transcends the power of fire and steel. | 10 | ··˘/·/·/·· |
| To gain your praise, the warrior and the sage | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| Labour and think. Where'er the sun doth shine, | 11 | /˘··˘˘/···· |
| We see all things your mighty influence feel. | 10 | ·····/˘/˘· |
| Of you the cause I ask | 6 | ······ |
| Why sank so low our age? | 7 | ····/˘· |
| Did by your deed the fire of youth divine | 10 | ·····/··˘/ |
| Languish and die? By you, our nature made | 10 | /˘····//˘· |
| So shattered and so base? Our slumbering souls, | 10 | ·/˘···//˘· |
| Our will to shame betrayed, | 7 | /˘···˘/ |
| Our native valour spent: | 7 | /˘/˘/˘· |
| Must we for these on you our indignation vent? | 12 | ······/·˘/˘· |
| Love leads to mighty actions, | 7 | ···/˘/˘ |
| Who knows him well; and of emotions vast | 10 | ······˘/˘· |
| Is Beauty the inspirer. Void of love | 10 | ·/˘·˘/˘··· |
| Is he who feeleth no impassioned fire | 11 | ···/˘·˘/˘/˘ |
| When storms terrific raise their wrathful blast, | 10 | ··˘/˘··/˘· |
| When sable clouds are darkly seen above, | 10 | ·/˘··/˘··· |
| And mountains tremble at their frenzy dire. | 10 | ·/˘/˘··/˘· |
| O wives and virgins fair! | 6 | ···/˘· |
| From you scorn be his share | 6 | ······ |
| Who shuns the path of danger; who ignores | 10 | ·····/˘·˘/ |
| His country's claim, unworthy; who adores | 10 | ·/˘·˘/˘·˘/ |
| A lowly idol in his recreant mind; | 11 | ·/˘/˘··/˘˘· |
| If in your hearts you find | 6 | ······ |
| The love of men doth glow | 6 | ······ |
| And not of those who ever trivial fancy show. | 11 | ·····//˘/˘· |
| Scorn to be named the mothers | 7 | ·····/˘ |
| Of an unwarlike race. The trials deep | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Of virtue let your offspring learn to bear, | 10 | ·/˘··/···· |
| And in the bondage of contempt to keep | 10 | ···/˘·˘/·· |
| Whate'er is honoured by this shameful age. | 11 | ˘˘/·/˘··/˘· |
| Bid them rise to great actions. Make them know | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| What this our land doth to its fathers owe. | 10 | ··/····/˘· |
| Even as the heroes' name | 7 | /˘··/˘· |
| Was held in honoured fame | 6 | ···/˘· |
| By Sparta's sons as they increased in years, | 10 | ·/˘···˘/·· |
| Until their spouses girded on their sword, | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| And then their death in anguish deep deplored, | 10 | ·····/˘·˘/ |
| And rent their hair with tears | 6 | ······ |
| When from the gory field | 6 | ···/˘· |
| The warrior was brought home upon his faithful shield. | 12 | ·/˘······/˘· |
| With heavenly skill, Virginia, | 8 | ·/˘˘·˘/˘ |
| Did all-prevailing beauty mould thy form, | 10 | ··˘/˘/˘··· |
| And thy disdain made Rome's ignoble lord | 10 | ··˘/··˘/˘· |
| In tempests of fierce passion rage and storm. | 10 | ·/˘··/˘··· |
| Yes, thou wast fair, and in those happy years | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| When pleasing dreams joy to the soul afford, | 10 | ·/˘·····˘/ |
| What time thy father's unrelenting sword | 10 | ···/˘·˘/˘· |
| Thy snowy bosom pierced, | 6 | ·/˘/˘· |
| And thou to Hades dark | 6 | ···/˘· |
| Didst gladly sink. "May age with wrinkles mark | 10 | ·/˘····/˘· |
| My features, O my father! May the tomb | 10 | ·/˘··/˘··· |
| Await me with its everlasting gloom, | 10 | ˘/····˘/˘· |
| Ere to the tyrant's bed | 6 | ···/˘· |
| A victim I be led. | 6 | ·/˘··· |
| Slay me, if Rome be rescued by the blood I shed." | 12 | ·····/˘····· |
| O maiden lofty-hearted! | 7 | ·/˘/˘/˘ |
| Though in thy days the sun more brightly shone | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Than now it shines, yet honoured and consoled | 10 | ·····/˘·˘/ |
| Thy tomb becomes, bewailed by many a moan, | 10 | ··˘/···/·· |
| Thy native country's sighs. Ah, now, behold! | 10 | ·/˘/˘···˘/ |
| The race of Romulus with new-born ire | 10 | ···/˘˘···· |
| Is fired around thy tomb. See, tyrants sink | 10 | ·/·····/˘· |
| Unto the very dust, | 6 | ···/˘· |
| And freedom doth inspire | 6 | ·/˘·˘/ |
| The once oblivious hearts; and o'er the earth | 10 | ··˘/˘····· |
| Subdued, the Latin valour doth proceed | 10 | ˘/·/˘/˘·˘/ |
| From the dark pole even to the torrid clime: | 10 | ····/··/˘· |
| And thus eternal Rome, | 6 | ··˘/˘· |
| Of languor deep the home, | 6 | ·/˘··· |
| Doth Fate, by woman's hand, revive a second time. | 12 | ···/˘·˘/·/˘· |
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