Aspasia

Giacomo Leopardi (1798–1837), translated by Frederick Townsend · 1887

iambic pentameter · unrhymed · 112 lines · from The Poems of Leopardi

Again at times appeareth to my thoughtThy semblance, O Aspasia I either flashingAcross my path amid the haunts of menIn other forms; or 'mid deserted fieldsWhen shines the sun or tranquil host of stars,As by the sweetest harmony awoke,Arising in my soul which seems once moreTo yield unto that vision all superb,How much adored, O Heaven I of yore how fullyThe joyaunce and the halo of my life?I never meet the perfume of the gardens,Or of the flowers that cities may display,Without beholding thee as thou appearedstUpon that day, when in thy splendid roomsWhich gave the perfume of the sweetest flowersOf recent Spring, arrayed in robes that boreThe violet's hue, first thine angelic formDid meet my gaze as thou, reclining, layestOn strange, white furs, and deep, voluptuous charmSeemed to be thine, whilst thou, a skilled enchantressOf loving hearts, upon the rosy lipsOf thy fair children many a fervent kissImprintedst, bending down to them thy neckOf snowy beauty, and with lovely handTheir guileless forms, unconscious of thy wile,Clasping unto thy bosom, so desired,Though hidden. To the visions of my soulAnother sky and more entrancing worldAnd radiance as from heaven were revealed.Thus in my heart, though not unarmed, thy powerInfixed the arrow which I wounded bore,Until that day when the revolving earthA second time her yearly course fulfilled.

A ray divine unto my thought appeared,Lady, thy beauty. Similar effectsBeauty and music's harmony produce,Revealing both the mysteries sublimeOf unknown Eden. Thence the loving soul,Though injured in his love, adores the birthOf his fond mind, the amorous ideaThat doth include Olympus in its range,And seems in face, in manner, and in speechLike unto her whom the enchanted loverFancies alone to cherish and admire.Not her, but that sweet image, he doth claspEven in the raptures of a fond embrace,At last his error and the objects changedPerceiving, wrath invades him, and he oftWrongly accuses her he thought he loved.The mind of woman to that lofty heightRarely ascends, and what her charms inspireShe little thinks and seldom understands.So frail a mind can harbour no such thought;In vain doth man, deluded by the lightOf those enthralling eyes, indulge in hope;In vain he asks for deep and hidden thoughts,Transcending mortal ken, of her to whomHath Nature's laws a lesser rank assigned,For as her frame less strength than man's received,So too her mind less energy and depth.?

Nor thou as yet what inspirations vastWithin my thought thy loveliness aroused,Aspasia, could'st conceive. Thou little knowestWhat love unmeasured and what woes intense,What frenzy wild and feelings without name,Thou didst within me move, nor shall the timeAppear when thou canst know it. EquallyThe skilled performer ignorant remainsOf what with hand or voice he doth arouseWithin his hearers. That Aspasia nowIs dead, whom I so worshipped. She lies lowFor evermore, once idol of my life:Unless at times, a cherished shade, she rises,Ere long to vanish. Thou art still alive,Not merely lovely, but of such perfectionThat, as I think, thou dost eclipse the rest.But now the ardour, born of thee, is spent:Because I loved not thee, but that fair goddessWho had her dwelling in me, now her grave.Her long I worshipped, and so was I pleasedBy her celestial loveliness, that I,Even from the first full conscious and awareOf what thou art, so wily and so false,Beholding in thine eyes the light of hers,Fondly pursued thee while she lived in me;Not dazzled or deluded; but inducedBy the enjoyment of that sweet resemblance,A long and bitter slavery to bear.

Now boast, for well thou may'st; say that aloneOf all thy sex art thou to whom I bentMy haughty head, to whom I gladly gaveMy heart in homage. Say that thou wert firstAnd last, I truly hope, to see mine eyes'Imploring gaze, and me before thee standTimid and fearful (as I write, I burnWith wrath and shame); me of myself deprived,Each look of thine, each gesture and each wordObserving meekly; at thy haughty freaksPale and subdued; then radiant with delightAt any sign of favour; changing hueAt every glance of thine. The charm is gone;And with it shattered, falls the heavy yoke,Whence I rejoice. Though weariness be with me,Yet after such delirium and long thraldom,Gladly my freedom I again embrace,And my unshackled mind. For if a lifeVoid of affections and of errors sweet,Be like a starless night in winter's depth,Revenge sufficient and sufficient balmIt is to me that here upon the grassLeisurely lying and unmoved, I gazeOn sky, earth, ocean, and serenely smile.

Words in this poem 30
amid prep.
In the midst or middle of; surrounded or encompassed by; among. [OE. amidde, amiddes, on midden, AS. on middan, in the middle, fr. midde the middle. The s is an adverbial ending, originally marking the genitive; the t is a la]
superb a.
Grand; magnificent; august; stately; as, a superb edifice; a superb colonnade. [F. superbe, L. superbus, fr. super over. See Super-.]
yore adv.
In time long past; in old time; long since. [OE. , yare, , AS. geára;akin to geár a year, E. year. Year.]
beholding a.
Obliged; beholden.
enchantress n.
A woman versed in magical arts; a sorceress; also, a woman who fascinates. [Cf. F. enchanteresse.]
fervent a.
Hot; glowing; boiling; burning; as, a fervent summer. [F. fervent, L. fervens, -entis. p.pr. of fervere o the boiling hot, to boil, glow.]
snowy a.
White like snow.
guileless a.
Free from guile; artless.
wile n.
A trick or stratagem practiced for insnaring or deception; a sly, insidious; artifice; a beguilement; an allurement. [OE. wile, AS. wil; cf. Icel. v, væl. Cf. Guile.]
unarmed a.
Not armed or armored; having no arms or weapons. [Pref. un- not + armed.]
eden n.
The garden where Adam and Eve first dwelt; hence, a delightful region or residence. [Heb. eden delight, pleasure; also, a place of pleasure, Eden.]
enchanted a.
Under the power of enchantment; possessed or exercised by enchanters; as, an enchanted castle.
admire v. t.
To regard with wonder or astonishment; to view with surprise; to marvel at. [F. admirer, fr. L. admirari; ad + mirari to wonder, for smirari, akin to Gr. smi, and E. smile.]
harbour n.
A station for rest and entertainment; a place of security and comfort; a refuge; a shelter. [OE herbor, herberwe, herberge, Icel. herbergi (cf. OHG. heriberga), orig., a shelter for soldiers; herr army + bjarga to save, help, defend; akin to AS. here ar]
loveliness n.
The state or quality of being lovely. [From Lovely.]
didst
, the 2d pers. sing. imp. of Do.
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
evermore adv.
During eternity; always; forever; for an indefinite period; at all times; -- often used substantively with for.
idol n.
An image or representation of anything. [OE. idole, F. idole, L. idolum, fr. Gr. Wit, and cf. Eidolon.]
ardour n.
Heat, in a literal sense; as, the ardor of the sun's rays. [L. ardor, fr. ardere to burn: cf. OF. ardor, ardur, F. ardeur.]
fondly adv.
Foolishly. Verstegan (1673).
haughty a.
High; lofty; bold. [OE. hautein, F. hautain, fr. haut high, OF. also halt, fr. L. altus. See Altitude.]
gladly adv.
Preferably; by choice. [From Glad, a.]
imploring a.
That implores; beseeching; entreating.
meekly adv.
In a meek manner.
favour n.
Kind regard; propitious aspect; countenance; friendly disposition; kindness; good will. [Written also favour.]
thraldom n.
The condition of a thrall; slavery; bondage; state of servitude. [Icel. . See Thrall, and -dom.]
starless a.
Being without stars; having no stars visible; as, a starless night.
unmoved a.
Not moved; fixed; firm; unshaken; calm; apathetic.
serenely adv.
In a serene manner; clearly.

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Aspasia is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Poems of Leopardi, Project Gutenberg ebook #53020, the Frederick Townsend translation; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Giacomo Leopardi, Aspasia, in The Poems of Leopardi (1887), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #53020, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/leopardi-poems/aspasia.html, id L15307.

Form and metre

Aspasia is 112 lines in 4 verse paragraphs. It is unrhymed, as far as the pronouncing dictionary can tell. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 89%). 93% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 10.2 syllables. 16 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 55% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in iambic pentameter, other poems in blank verse.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 2 ----------A-----BA--B------ appeared · effects · produce · sublime · soul · birth · idea · range · speech · lover · admireA · clasp · embrace · changed · oft · loved · heightB · inspireA · understands · thought · lightB · hope · thoughts · whom · assigned · received · depth
  2. 3 A-A-----B---B-------CD--C--D vastA · aroused · knowestA · intense · name · time · equally · remains · arouseB · now · low · life · risesB · alive · perfection · rest · spent · goddess · grave · pleased · iC · awareD · false · hers · meC · induced · resemblance · bearD
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
Again at times appeareth to my thought10˘/··˘/˘···
Thy semblance, O Aspasia I either flashing12·/˘·····/˘/˘
Across my path amid the haunts of men10˘/··˘/····
In other forms; or 'mid deserted fields10·/˘···˘/˘·
When shines the sun or tranquil host of stars,10·····/˘···
As by the sweetest harmony awoke,10···/˘/˘˘˘/
Arising in my soul which seems once more10˘/˘·······
To yield unto that vision all superb,10·····/˘·˘/
How much adored, O Heaven I of yore how fully12··˘/·/····/˘
The joyaunce and the halo of my life?9····/˘···
I never meet the perfume of the gardens,11·/˘··˘/··/˘
Or of the flowers that cities may display,10···/·/˘·˘/
Without beholding thee as thou appearedst11··˘/˘······
Upon that day, when in thy splendid rooms10·······/˘·
Which gave the perfume of the sweetest flowers11···˘/··/˘/˘
Of recent Spring, arrayed in robes that bore10·/˘·˘/····
The violet's hue, first thine angelic form10·/˘····/˘·
Did meet my gaze as thou, reclining, layest10······˘/˘·
On strange, white furs, and deep, voluptuous charm10······˘/˘·
Seemed to be thine, whilst thou, a skilled enchantress11········˘/˘
Of loving hearts, upon the rosy lips10·/˘····/˘·
Of thy fair children many a fervent kiss10···/˘/·/˘·
Imprintedst, bending down to them thy neck10···/˘·····
Of snowy beauty, and with lovely hand10·/˘/˘··/˘·
Their guileless forms, unconscious of thy wile,10·/˘··/˘···
Clasping unto thy bosom, so desired,11/˘···/˘·˘/˘
Though hidden. To the visions of my soul10·/˘··/˘···
Another sky and more entrancing world10˘/˘···/˘˘·
And radiance as from heaven were revealed.10·/˘˘··/·˘/
Thus in my heart, though not unarmed, thy power11······˘/·/˘
Infixed the arrow which I wounded bore,10···/˘··/˘·
Until that day when the revolving earth10······˘/˘·
A second time her yearly course fulfilled.10·/˘··/˘·˘/
A ray divine unto my thought appeared,10··˘/····˘/
Lady, thy beauty. Similar effects10/˘·/˘/˘˘˘/
Beauty and music's harmony produce,10/˘·/˘/˘˘˘/
Revealing both the mysteries sublime10˘/˘··/˘˘˘/
Of unknown Eden. Thence the loving soul,10·˘//˘··/˘·
Though injured in his love, adores the birth10·/˘···˘/··
Of his fond mind, the amorous idea11·····/˘˘˘/˘
That doth include Olympus in its range,10··˘/˘/˘···
And seems in face, in manner, and in speech10·····/˘···
Like unto her whom the enchanted lover11······˘/˘/˘
Fancies alone to cherish and admire.10/˘˘/·/˘·˘/
Not her, but that sweet image, he doth clasp10·····/˘···
Even in the raptures of a fond embrace,10/··/˘···˘/
At last his error and the objects changed10···/˘··/˘·
Perceiving, wrath invades him, and he oft10˘/˘·˘/····
Wrongly accuses her he thought he loved.10/˘˘/˘·····
The mind of woman to that lofty height10···/˘··/˘·
Rarely ascends, and what her charms inspire10/˘˘/····˘/
She little thinks and seldom understands.10·/˘··/˘·˘/
So frail a mind can harbour no such thought;10·····/˘···
In vain doth man, deluded by the light10····˘/˘···
Of those enthralling eyes, indulge in hope;10··˘/˘·˘/··
In vain he asks for deep and hidden thoughts,10·······/˘·
Transcending mortal ken, of her to whom10˘/˘/˘·····
Hath Nature's laws a lesser rank assigned,10·/˘··/˘·˘/
For as her frame less strength than man's received,10········˘/
So too her mind less energy and depth.?10·····/˘˘··
Nor thou as yet what inspirations vast10······˘/˘·
Within my thought thy loveliness aroused,10·····/˘˘˘/
Aspasia, could'st conceive. Thou little knowest11····˘/·/˘/˘
What love unmeasured and what woes intense,10········˘/
What frenzy wild and feelings without name,10·/˘··/˘···
Thou didst within me move, nor shall the time10··········
Appear when thou canst know it. Equally10˘/·····/˘˘
The skilled performer ignorant remains10··˘/˘/˘˘˘/
Of what with hand or voice he doth arouse10········˘/
Within his hearers. That Aspasia now10···/˘·····
Is dead, whom I so worshipped. She lies low10·····/˘···
For evermore, once idol of my life:10·/˘··/˘···
Unless at times, a cherished shade, she rises,11·····/˘··/˘
Ere long to vanish. Thou art still alive,10···/˘···˘/
Not merely lovely, but of such perfection11·/˘/˘···˘/˘
That, as I think, thou dost eclipse the rest.10······˘/··
But now the ardour, born of thee, is spent:10···/˘·····
Because I loved not thee, but that fair goddess11·········/˘
Who had her dwelling in me, now her grave.10···/˘·····
Her long I worshipped, and so was I pleased10···/˘·····
By her celestial loveliness, that I,10··˘/˘/˘˘··
Even from the first full conscious and aware10/····/˘·˘/
Of what thou art, so wily and so false,10·····/˘···
Beholding in thine eyes the light of hers,10˘/˘·······
Fondly pursued thee while she lived in me;10/˘˘/······
Not dazzled or deluded; but induced10·/˘·˘/˘·˘/
By the enjoyment of that sweet resemblance,11··˘/˘···˘/˘
A long and bitter slavery to bear.10···/˘/˘˘··
Now boast, for well thou may'st; say that alone10········˘/
Of all thy sex art thou to whom I bent10··········
My haughty head, to whom I gladly gave10·/˘····/˘·
My heart in homage. Say that thou wert first10···/˘·····
And last, I truly hope, to see mine eyes'10···/˘·····
Imploring gaze, and me before thee stand10˘/˘·······
Timid and fearful (as I write, I burn10/˘·/˘·····
With wrath and shame); me of myself deprived,10·······/˘/
Each look of thine, each gesture and each word10·····/˘···
Observing meekly; at thy haughty freaks10˘/˘/˘··/˘·
Pale and subdued; then radiant with delight10··˘/·/˘·˘/
At any sign of favour; changing hue10·/˘··/˘/˘·
At every glance of thine. The charm is gone;10·/˘·······
And with it shattered, falls the heavy yoke,10···/˘··/˘·
Whence I rejoice. Though weariness be with me,10··˘/·/˘···
Yet after such delirium and long thraldom,11····˘/˘··/˘
Gladly my freedom I again embrace,10/˘·/˘·˘/˘/
And my unshackled mind. For if a life10··˘/˘·····
Void of affections and of errors sweet,10··˘/˘··/˘·
Be like a starless night in winter's depth,10···/˘··/˘·
Revenge sufficient and sufficient balm10˘/˘/˘·˘/˘·
It is to me that here upon the grass10··········
Leisurely lying and unmoved, I gaze10/˘˘/˘·˘/··
On sky, earth, ocean, and serenely smile.10···/·˘/˘˘·

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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