The South
Night, and beneath star-blazoned summer skiesBehold the Spirit of the musky South,A creole with still-burning, languid eyes,Voluptuous limbs and incense-breathing mouth:Swathed in spun gauze is she,From fibres of her own anana tree.
Within these sumptuous woods she lies at ease,By rich night-breezes, dewy cool, caressed:'Twixt cypresses and slim palmetto trees,Like to the golden oriole's hanging nest,Her airy hammock swings,And through the dark her mocking-bird yet sings.
How beautiful she is! A tulip-wreathTwines round her shadowy, free-floating hair:Young, weary, passionate, and sad as death,Dark visions haunt for her the vacant air,While movelessly she liesWith lithe, lax, folded hands and heavy eyes.
Full well knows she how wide and fair extendHer groves bright-flowered, her tangled everglades,Majestic streams that indolently wendThrough lush savanna or dense forest shades,Where the brown buzzard fliesTo broad bayou 'neath hazy-golden skies.
Hers is the savage splendor of the swamp,With pomp of scarlet and of purple bloom,Where blow warm, furtive breezes faint and damp,Strange insects whir, and stalking bitterns boom--Where from stale waters deadOft looms the great-jawed alligator's head.
Her wealth, her beauty, and the blight on these,--Of all she is aware: luxuriant woods,Fresh, living, sunlit, in her dream she sees;And ever midst those verdant solitudesThe soldier's wooden cross,O'ergrown by creeping tendrils and rank moss.
Was her a dream of empire? was it sin?And is it well that all was borne in vain?She knows no more than one who slow doth win,After fierce fever, conscious life again,Too tired, too weak, too sad,By the new light to be stirred or glad.
From rich sea-islands fringing her green shore,From broad plantations where swart freemen bendBronzed backs in willing labor, from her storeOf golden fruit, from stream, from town, ascendLife-currents of pure health:Her aims shall be subserved with boundless wealth.
Yet now how listless and how still she lies,Like some half-savage, dusky Indian queen,Rocked in her hammock 'neath her native skies,With the pathetic, passive, broken mienOf one who, sorely proved,Great-souled, hath suffered much and much hath loved!
But look! along the wide-branched, dewy gladeGlimmers the dawn: the light palmetto-treesAnd cypresses reissue from the shade,And SHE hath wakened. Through clear air she seesThe pledge, the brightening ray,And leaps from dreams to hail the coming day.
Words in this poem 18
- hammock n.
- A swinging couch or bed, usually made of netting or canvas about six feet wide, suspended by clews or cords at the ends. [A word of Indian origin: cf. Sp. hamaca. Columbus, in the Narrative of his first voyage, says: "A great many Indians in canoes came to the ship to-day for the p]
- lithe v. i.
- To listen or listen to; to hearken to. P. Plowman. [Icel Listen.]
- indolently adv.
- In an indolent manner.
- wend n.
- A large extent of ground; a perambulation; a circuit.
- lush a.
- Full of juice or succulence. [Prob. an abbrev. of lushious, fr. luscious.]
- savanna n.
- A tract of level land covered with the vegetable growth usually found in a damp soil and warm climate, -- as grass or reeds, -- but destitute of trees. [Spelt also savannah.] [Of American Indian origin; cf. Sp. sabana, F. savane.]
- bayou n.
- An inlet from the Gulf of Mexico, from a lake, or from a large river, sometimes sluggish, sometimes without perceptible movement except from tide and wind. [Southern U. S.] [North Am. Indian bayuk, in F. spelling bayouc, bayouque.]
- hazy a.
- Thick with haze; somewhat obscured with haze; not clear or transparent. [From Haze, n.]
- furtive a.
- Stolen; obtained or characterized by stealth; sly; secret; stealthy; as, a furtive look. Prior. [L. furtivus, fr. furtum theft, fr. fur thief, akin to ferre to bear: cf. F. furtif. See Fertile.]
- wealth n.
- Weal; welfare; prosperity; good. [OE. welthe, from wele; cf. D. weelde luxury. See Weal prosperity.]
- sunlit a.
- Lighted by the sun.
- backs n.
- Among leather dealers, the thickest and stoutest tanned hides.
- shall v. i.
- To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
- listless a.
- Having no desire or inclination; indifferent; heedless; spiritless. [OE. listles, lustles. See Lust.]
- pathetic a.
- Expressing or showing anger; passionate. [L. patheticus, Gr. pathétique. See Pathos.]
- sorely adv.
- In a sore manner; grievously; painfully; as, to be sorely afflicted.
- glade n.
- An open passage through a wood; a grassy open or cleared space in a forest. [Prob. of Scand. origin, and akin to glad, a.; cf. also W. golead, goleuad, a lighting, illumination, fr. goleu light, clear, bright, goleu fwlch glade, lit., a ]
- reissue v. t.
- To issue a second time.
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
The South is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Poems of Emma Lazarus, Volume 1, Project Gutenberg ebook #3295; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: Emma Lazarus, The South, in Admetus, and Other Poems (1867–1887), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #3295, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/lazarus-poems/the-south.html, id L01907.
Form and metre
The South is 60 lines in 10 stanzas of 6 lines each. The rhyme scheme is ABABCC, complete in 6 of its 10 stanzas. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 88%). 96% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 9.4 syllables. 25% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.
See other poems in iambic pentameter.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Rhyme words, stanza by stanza
The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.
- 1 ABABCC skiesA · southB · eyesA · mouthB · sheC · treeC
- 2 ABABCC easeA · caressedB · treesA · nestB · swingsC · singsC
- 3 -A-ABB wreath · hairA · death · airA · liesB · eyesB
- 4 ABABCC extendA · evergladesB · wendA · shadesB · fliesC · skiesC
- 5 -A-ABB swamp · bloomA · damp · boomA · deadB · headB
- 6 A-A-BB theseA · woods · seesA · solitudes · crossB · mossB
- 7 ABABCC sinA · vainB · winA · againB · sadC · gladC
- 8 ABABCC shoreA · bendB · storeA · ascendB · healthC · wealthC
- 9 ABAB-- liesA · queenB · skiesA · mienB · proved · loved
- 10 ABABCC gladeA · treesB · shadeA · seesB · rayC · dayC
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| Night, and beneath star-blazoned summer skies | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Behold the Spirit of the musky South, | 10 | ˘/·/˘··/˘· |
| A creole with still-burning, languid eyes, | 10 | ·/˘··/˘/˘· |
| Voluptuous limbs and incense-breathing mouth: | 10 | ˘/˘··/·/˘· |
| Swathed in spun gauze is she, | 6 | ······ |
| From fibres of her own anana tree. | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| Within these sumptuous woods she lies at ease, | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| By rich night-breezes, dewy cool, caressed: | 10 | ···/˘/˘·˘/ |
| 'Twixt cypresses and slim palmetto trees, | 10 | ·/˘˘··˘/˘· |
| Like to the golden oriole's hanging nest, | 11 | ···/˘/˘·/˘· |
| Her airy hammock swings, | 6 | ·/˘/˘· |
| And through the dark her mocking-bird yet sings. | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| How beautiful she is! A tulip-wreath | 10 | ·/˘˘···/˘· |
| Twines round her shadowy, free-floating hair: | 10 | ···/˘˘·/˘· |
| Young, weary, passionate, and sad as death, | 10 | ·/˘/˘˘···· |
| Dark visions haunt for her the vacant air, | 10 | ·/˘····/˘· |
| While movelessly she lies | 7 | ······· |
| With lithe, lax, folded hands and heavy eyes. | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| Full well knows she how wide and fair extend | 10 | ········˘/ |
| Her groves bright-flowered, her tangled everglades, | 10 | ···/·/˘/˘· |
| Majestic streams that indolently wend | 10 | ˘/˘··/˘˘˘· |
| Through lush savanna or dense forest shades, | 10 | ··˘/˘··/˘· |
| Where the brown buzzard flies | 6 | ···/˘· |
| To broad bayou 'neath hazy-golden skies. | 10 | ··/˘·/˘/˘· |
| Hers is the savage splendor of the swamp, | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| With pomp of scarlet and of purple bloom, | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| Where blow warm, furtive breezes faint and damp, | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| Strange insects whir, and stalking bitterns boom-- | 10 | ·/···/˘··· |
| Where from stale waters dead | 6 | ···/˘· |
| Oft looms the great-jawed alligator's head. | 10 | ·····/˘·˘· |
| Her wealth, her beauty, and the blight on these,-- | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Of all she is aware: luxuriant woods, | 10 | ····˘/˘/˘· |
| Fresh, living, sunlit, in her dream she sees; | 10 | ·/˘/······ |
| And ever midst those verdant solitudes | 10 | ·/˘··/˘/˘· |
| The soldier's wooden cross, | 6 | ·/˘/˘· |
| O'ergrown by creeping tendrils and rank moss. | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Was her a dream of empire? was it sin? | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| And is it well that all was borne in vain? | 10 | ·········· |
| She knows no more than one who slow doth win, | 10 | ·········· |
| After fierce fever, conscious life again, | 10 | ···/˘/˘·˘/ |
| Too tired, too weak, too sad, | 7 | ·/˘···· |
| By the new light to be stirred or glad. | 10 | ·······˘·· |
| From rich sea-islands fringing her green shore, | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| From broad plantations where swart freemen bend | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| Bronzed backs in willing labor, from her store | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| Of golden fruit, from stream, from town, ascend | 10 | ·/˘·····˘/ |
| Life-currents of pure health: | 6 | ·/˘··· |
| Her aims shall be subserved with boundless wealth. | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Yet now how listless and how still she lies, | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Like some half-savage, dusky Indian queen, | 10 | ···/˘/˘/˘· |
| Rocked in her hammock 'neath her native skies, | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| With the pathetic, passive, broken mien | 10 | ··˘/˘/˘/˘· |
| Of one who, sorely proved, | 6 | ···/˘· |
| Great-souled, hath suffered much and much hath loved! | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| But look! along the wide-branched, dewy glade | 10 | ··˘/···/˘· |
| Glimmers the dawn: the light palmetto-trees | 10 | /˘····˘/˘· |
| And cypresses reissue from the shade, | 10 | ·/˘˘˘/˘··· |
| And SHE hath wakened. Through clear air she sees | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| The pledge, the brightening ray, | 7 | ···/˘˘· |
| And leaps from dreams to hail the coming day. | 10 | ·······/˘· |
The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.