To Some Ladies

John Keats (1795–1821) · 1817

iambic pentameter · ABAB · 140 lines · from Poems (1817)

What though while the wonders of nature exploring,I cannot your light, mazy footsteps attend;Nor listen to accents, that almost adoring,Bless Cynthia's face, the enthusiast's friend:

Yet over the steep, whence the mountain stream rushes,With you, kindest friends, in idea I rove;Mark the clear tumbling crystal, its passionate gushes,Its spray that the wild flower kindly bedews.

Why linger you so, the wild labyrinth strolling?Why breathless, unable your bliss to declare?Ah! you list to the nightingale's tender condoling,Responsive to sylphs, in the moon beamy air.

'Tis morn, and the flowers with dew are yet drooping,I see you are treading the verge of the sea:And now! ah, I see it--you just now are stoopingTo pick up the keep-sake intended for me.

If a cherub, on pinions of silver descending,Had brought me a gem from the fret-work of heaven;And smiles, with his star-cheering voice sweetly blending,The blessings of Tighe had melodiously given;

It had not created a warmer emotionThan the present, fair nymphs, I was blest with from you,Than the shell, from the bright golden sands of the oceanWhich the emerald waves at your feet gladly threw.

For, indeed, 'tis a sweet and peculiar pleasure,(And blissful is he who such happiness finds,)To possess but a span of the hour of leisure,In elegant, pure, and aerial minds.

Hast thou from the caves of Golconda, a gemPure as the ice-drop that froze on the mountain?Bright as the humming-bird's green diadem,When it flutters in sun-beams that shine through a fountain?

Hast thou a goblet for dark sparkling wine?That goblet right heavy, and massy, and gold?And splendidly mark'd with the story divineOf Armida the fair, and Rinaldo the bold?

Hast thou a steed with a mane richly flowing?Hast thou a sword that thine enemy's smart is?Hast thou a trumpet rich melodies blowing?And wear'st thou the shield of the fam'd Britomartis?

What is it that hangs from thy shoulder, so brave,Embroidered with many a spring peering flower?Is it a scarf that thy fair lady gave?And hastest thou now to that fair lady's bower?

Ah! courteous Sir Knight, with large joy thou art crown'd;Full many the glories that brighten thy youth!I will tell thee my blisses, which richly aboundIn magical powers to bless, and to sooth.

On this scroll thou seest written in characters fairA sun-beamy tale of a wreath, and a chain;And, warrior, it nurtures the property rareOf charming my mind from the trammels of pain.

This canopy mark: 'tis the work of a fay;Beneath its rich shade did King Oberon languish,When lovely Titania was far, far away,And cruelly left him to sorrow, and anguish.

There, oft would he bring from his soft sighing luteWild strains to which, spell-bound, the nightingales listened;The wondering spirits of heaven were mute,And tears 'mong the dewdrops of morning oft glistened.

In this little dome, all those melodies strange,Soft, plaintive, and melting, for ever will sigh;Nor e'er will the notes from their tenderness change;Nor e'er will the music of Oberon die.

So, when I am in a voluptuous vein,I pillow my head on the sweets of the rose,And list to the tale of the wreath, and the chain,Till its echoes depart; then I sink to repose.

Adieu, valiant Eric! with joy thou art crown'd;Full many the glories that brighten thy youth,I too have my blisses, which richly aboundIn magical powers, to bless and to sooth.

Hadst thou liv'd in days of old,O what wonders had been toldOf thy lively countenance,And thy humid eyes that danceIn the midst of their own brightness;In the very fane of lightness.Over which thine eyebrows, leaning,Picture out each lovely meaning:In a dainty bend they lie,Like two streaks across the sky,Or the feathers from a crow,Fallen on a bed of snow.Of thy dark hair that extendsInto many graceful bends:As the leaves of HelleboreTurn to whence they sprung before.And behind each ample curlPeeps the richness of a pearl.Downward too flows many a tressWith a glossy waviness;Full, and round like globes that riseFrom the censer to the skiesThrough sunny air. Add too, the sweetnessOf thy honied voice; the neatnessOf thine ankle lightly turn'd:With those beauties, scarce discrn'd,Kept with such sweet privacy,That they seldom meet the eyeOf the little loves that flyRound about with eager pry.Saving when, with freshening lave,Thou dipp'st them in the taintless wave;Like twin water lillies, bornIn the coolness of the morn.O, if thou hadst breathed then,Now the Muses had been ten.Couldst thou wish for lineage higherThan twin sister of Thalia?At least for ever, evermore,Will I call the Graces four.

Hadst thou liv'd when chivalryLifted up her lance on high,Tell me what thou wouldst have been?Ah! I see the silver sheenOf thy broidered, floating vestCov'ring half thine ivory breast;Which, O heavens! I should see,But that cruel destinyHas placed a golden cuirass there;Keeping secret what is fair.Like sunbeams in a cloudlet nestedThy locks in knightly casque are rested:O'er which bend four milky plumesLike the gentle lilly's bloomsSpringing from a costly vase.See with what a stately paceComes thine alabaster steed;Servant of heroic deed!O'er his loins, his trappings glowLike the northern lights on snow.Mount his back! thy sword unsheath!Sign of the enchanter's death;Bane of every wicked spell;Silencer of dragon's yell.Alas! thou this wilt never do:Thou art an enchantress too,And wilt surely never spillBlood of those whose eyes can kill.

Words in this poem 37
breathless a.
Spent with labor or violent action; out of breath.
responsive a.
That responds; ready or inclined to respond. [Cf. F. resposif.]
beamy a.
Emitting beams of light; radiant; shining.
morn n.
The first part of the day; the morning; -- used chiefly in poetry. [OE. morwen, morgen, AS. morgen; akin to D. morgen, OS. morgan, G. morgen, Icel. morginn, morgunn, Sw. morgon, Dan. morgen, Goth. maúrgins. Cf. Morrow, Morning.]
cherub n.
A mysterious composite being, the winged footstool and chariot of the Almighty, described in Ezekiel i. and x. [Heb. kerub.]
blending n.
The act of mingling.
gladly adv.
Preferably; by choice. [From Glad, a.]
blissful a.
Full of, characterized by, or causing, joy and felicity; happy in the highest degree.
hast
, 2d pers. sing. pres. of. Fave, contr. of havest.
massy a.
Compacted into, or consisting of, a mass; having bulk and weight ot substance; ponderous; bulky and heavy; weight; heavy; as, a massy shield; a massy rock.
splendidly adv.
In a splendid manner; magnificently.
steed n.
A horse, especially a spirited horse for state of war; -- used chiefly in poetry or stately prose. [OE. stede, AS. steda a stud-horse, war horse, fr. stod a stud of breeding steeds; akin to G. stute a mare, Icel. stedda, sto, a stud. *163. See Stud of horses.]
brighten v. t.
To make bright or brighter; to make to shine; to increase the luster of; to give a brighter hue to.
sooth a.
True; faithful; trustworthy. [OE. soth, AS. s, for san; akin to OS. s, OHG. sand, Icel. sannr, Sw. sann, Dan. sand, Skr. sat, sant, real, genuine, present, being; properly p. pr. from a root]
oberon n.
The king of the fairies, and husband of Titania or Queen Mab. [F., fr. OF. Auberon; prob. of Frankish origin.]
languish v. i.
To cause to dr Shak.
depart v. i.
To part; to divide; to separate. [OE. departen to divide, part, depart, F. départir to divide, distribute, se départir to separate one's self, depart; pref. dé- (L. de) + partir to part, depart,]
valiant a.
Vigorous in body; strong; powerful; as, a valiant fencer. [OE. valiant, F. vaillant, OF. vaillant, valant, originally p. pr. of OF. & F. valoir to be worth, L. valere to be strong. See Wield, and cf. Avail, Convalesce, ]
eric n.
A recompense formerly given by a murderer to the relatives of the murdered person. [Ir. eiric.]
fane n.
A temple; a place consecrated to religion; a church. [L. fanum a place dedicated to some deity, a sanctuary, fr. fari to speak. See Fame.]
dainty n.
Value; estimation; the gratification or pleasure taken in anything. [OE. deinie, dainte, deintie, deyntee, OF. deintié delicacy, orig., dignity, honor, fr. L. dignitas, fr. dignus worthy. See Deign, and cf. Dignity.]
tress n.
A braid, knot, or curl, of hair; a ringlet. [OE. tresse, OF. trece, F. tresse, LL. tricia, fr. Gr. tri`cha threefold, because a tress is usually formed by interlacing three pieces; akin to trei^s three. Se]
waviness n.
The quality or state of being wavy.
censer n.
A vessel for perfumes; esp. one in which incense is burned. [For incenser, fr. OF. encensier, F. encensoir, fr. LL. incensarium, incensorium, fr. L. incensum incense. See Incense, and cf. Incensory.]
sunny a.
Of or pertaining to the sun; proceeding from, or resembling the sun; hence, shining; bright; brilliant; radiant.
scarce a.
Not plentiful or abundant; in small quantity in proportion to the demand; not easily to be procured; rare; uncommon. [OE. scars, OF. escars, eschars, LL. scarpsus, for L. excerptus, p. p. of excerpere to pick out, and hence to contract, to shorten; ex (see Ex-) + carpere. See C]
lave v. t.
To lade, dip, or pour out. [OE. laven. See Lavish.]
taintless a.
Free from taint or infection; pure.
evermore adv.
During eternity; always; forever; for an indefinite period; at all times; -- often used substantively with for.
sheen v. i.
To shine; to glisten.
vest n.
An article of clothing covering the person; an outer garment; a vestment; a dress; a vesture; a robe. [L. vestis a garment, vesture; akin to Goth. wasti, and E. wear: cf. F. veste. See Wear to carry on the person, and cf. Divest, Invest, Travesty.]
cloudlet n.
A little cloud. R. Browning.
knightly a.
Of or pertaining to a knight; becoming a knight; chivalrous; as, a knightly combat; a knightly spirit. [AS. cnihtlic boyish.]
casque n.
A piece of defensive or ornamental armor (with or without a vizor) for the head and neck; a helmet. [F. casque, fr. Sp. casco See Cask.]
bane v. t.
To be the bane of; to ruin. Fuller.
enchantress n.
A woman versed in magical arts; a sorceress; also, a woman who fascinates. [Cf. F. enchanteresse.]
spill n.
A bit of wood split off; a splinter. [sq. root170. Cf. Spell a splinter.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

To Some Ladies is in the public domain. This text is taken from Poems 1817, Project Gutenberg ebook #8209; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: John Keats, To Some Ladies, in Poems (1817) (1817), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #8209, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/keats-1817/to-some-ladies.html, id L00404.

Form and metre

To Some Ladies is 140 lines in 20 stanzas. The rhyme scheme is ABAB, complete in 15 of its 20 stanzas. This poem did not settle on a metre of its own; the book it comes from is in iambic pentameter. 86% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 9.2 syllables. 37 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 24% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in iambic pentameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 ABAB exploringA · attendB · adoringA · friendB
  2. 2 A-A- rushesA · rove · gushesA · bedews
  3. 3 ABAB strollingA · declareB · condolingA · airB
  4. 4 ABAB droopingA · seaB · stoopingA · meB
  5. 5 A-A- descendingA · heaven · blendingA · given
  6. 6 ABAB emotionA · youB · oceanA · threwB
  7. 7 ABAB pleasureA · findsB · leisureA · mindsB
  8. 8 ABAB gemA · mountainB · diademA · fountainB
  9. 9 ABAB wineA · goldB · divineA · boldB
  10. 10 A-A- flowingA · is · blowingA · britomartis
  11. 11 ABAB braveA · flowerB · gaveA · bowerB
  12. 12 ABAB crown'dA · youthB · aboundA · soothB
  13. 13 ABAB fairA · chainB · rareA · painB
  14. 14 ABAB fayA · languishB · awayA · anguishB
  15. 15 ABAB luteA · listenedB · muteA · glistenedB
  16. 16 ABAB strangeA · sighB · changeA · dieB
  17. 17 ABAB veinA · roseB · chainA · reposeB
  18. 18 ABAB crown'dA · youthB · aboundA · soothB
  19. 19 AABBCCDDEEFFGGHHIIJJKKJJ---LLLMMNNOO--PP oldA · toldA · countenanceB · danceB · brightnessC · lightnessC · leaningD · meaningD · lieE · skyE · crowF · snowF · extendsG · bendsG · helleboreH · beforeH · curlI · pearlI · tressJ · wavinessJ · riseK · skiesK · sweetnessJ · neatnessJ · turn'd · discrn'd · privacy · eyeL · flyL · pryL · laveM · waveM · bornN · mornN · thenO · tenO · higher · thalia · evermoreP · fourP
  20. 20 ----AA--BBCCDDEEFFGGHHIIJJKK chivalry · high · been · sheen · vestA · breastA · see · destiny · thereB · fairB · nestedC · restedC · plumesD · bloomsD · vaseE · paceE · steedF · deedF · glowG · snowG · unsheathH · deathH · spellI · yellI · doJ · tooJ · spillK · killK
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
What though while the wonders of nature exploring,12····/˘·/˘˘/˘
I cannot your light, mazy footsteps attend;11·/˘··/˘/·˘/
Nor listen to accents, that almost adoring,12·/˘·/˘·/·˘/˘
Bless Cynthia's face, the enthusiast's friend:10·/˘··˘/˘··
Yet over the steep, whence the mountain stream rushes,11······/˘·/˘
With you, kindest friends, in idea I rove;10··/˘··˘/··
Mark the clear tumbling crystal, its passionate gushes,12···/˘/˘·/˘/˘
Its spray that the wild flower kindly bedews.10·····//˘··
Why linger you so, the wild labyrinth strolling?12·/˘····/˘·/˘
Why breathless, unable your bliss to declare?11·/˘˘/˘···˘/
Ah! you list to the nightingale's tender condoling,12·····/˘/˘···
Responsive to sylphs, in the moon beamy air.11˘/˘·····/˘·
'Tis morn, and the flowers with dew are yet drooping,11····/····/˘
I see you are treading the verge of the sea:11····/˘·····
And now! ah, I see it--you just now are stooping12··········/˘
To pick up the keep-sake intended for me.11······˘/˘··
If a cherub, on pinions of silver descending,13··/˘·/˘·/˘˘/˘
Had brought me a gem from the fret-work of heaven;11··········/
And smiles, with his star-cheering voice sweetly blending,12·····/˘·/˘/˘
The blessings of Tighe had melodiously given;11·/˘·······/
It had not created a warmer emotion12···˘/˘·/˘˘/˘
Than the present, fair nymphs, I was blest with from you,12··/˘········
Than the shell, from the bright golden sands of the ocean12······/˘···/
Which the emerald waves at your feet gladly threw.11··/˘····/˘·
For, indeed, 'tis a sweet and peculiar pleasure,12·˘/····˘/˘/˘
(And blissful is he who such happiness finds,)10·/˘····/˘·
To possess but a span of the hour of leisure,12·˘/·····/·/˘
In elegant, pure, and aerial minds.10·/˘˘··/˘˘·
Hast thou from the caves of Golconda, a gem11······˘/˘··
Pure as the ice-drop that froze on the mountain?11·········/˘
Bright as the humming-bird's green diadem,10···/˘··/˘·
When it flutters in sun-beams that shine through a fountain?13··/˘·······/˘
Hast thou a goblet for dark sparkling wine?10···/˘··/˘·
That goblet right heavy, and massy, and gold?11·/˘·/˘·/˘··
And splendidly mark'd with the story divine10·/˘···/˘˘/
Of Armida the fair, and Rinaldo the bold?12·˘/˘···˘/˘··
Hast thou a steed with a mane richly flowing?11·······/˘/˘
Hast thou a sword that thine enemy's smart is?10······/˘··
Hast thou a trumpet rich melodies blowing?11···/˘·/˘˘/˘
And wear'st thou the shield of the fam'd Britomartis?12············
What is it that hangs from thy shoulder, so brave,11·······/˘··
Embroidered with many a spring peering flower?11˘/˘·/··/˘/˘
Is it a scarf that thy fair lady gave?10·······/˘·
And hastest thou now to that fair lady's bower?11·/˘·····/˘/
Ah! courteous Sir Knight, with large joy thou art crown'd;11·/˘········
Full many the glories that brighten thy youth!10·/·/˘·/˘··
I will tell thee my blisses, which richly abound12·····/˘·/˘˘/
In magical powers to bless, and to sooth.10·/˘˘/·····
On this scroll thou seest written in characters fair11·····/˘·/˘·
A sun-beamy tale of a wreath, and a chain;11··/˘·······
And, warrior, it nurtures the property rare10·/˘·/˘·/˘·
Of charming my mind from the trammels of pain.11·/˘····/˘··
This canopy mark: 'tis the work of a fay;10·/˘·······
Beneath its rich shade did King Oberon languish,12·······/˘·/˘
When lovely Titania was far, far away,11·/˘˘/˘···˘/
And cruelly left him to sorrow, and anguish.11·/˘···/˘·/˘
There, oft would he bring from his soft sighing lute11········/˘·
Wild strains to which, spell-bound, the nightingales listened;11·······/˘/˘
The wondering spirits of heaven were mute,10·/˘˘/˘·/··
And tears 'mong the dewdrops of morning oft glistened.12·······/˘·/˘
In this little dome, all those melodies strange,10··/˘···/˘·
Soft, plaintive, and melting, for ever will sigh;10·/˘·/˘·/··
Nor e'er will the notes from their tenderness change;10·······/˘·
Nor e'er will the music of Oberon die.11····/˘·/˘··
So, when I am in a voluptuous vein,10······˘/˘·
I pillow my head on the sweets of the rose,11·/˘········
And list to the tale of the wreath, and the chain,11···········
Till its echoes depart; then I sink to repose.12··/˘˘/····˘/
Adieu, valiant Eric! with joy thou art crown'd;11˘//˘/˘·····
Full many the glories that brighten thy youth,10·/·/˘·/˘··
I too have my blisses, which richly abound11····/˘·/˘˘/
In magical powers, to bless and to sooth.10·/˘˘/·····
Hadst thou liv'd in days of old,7·······
O what wonders had been told7··/˘···
Of thy lively countenance,7··/˘/˘˘
And thy humid eyes that dance7··/˘···
In the midst of their own brightness;8······/˘
In the very fane of lightness.8··/˘··/˘
Over which thine eyebrows, leaning,8····/·/˘
Picture out each lovely meaning:8/˘··/˘/˘
In a dainty bend they lie,7··/˘···
Like two streaks across the sky,7···˘/··
Or the feathers from a crow,7··/˘···
Fallen on a bed of snow.7/˘·····
Of thy dark hair that extends7·····˘/
Into many graceful bends:7··/˘/˘·
As the leaves of Hellebore7····/˘˘
Turn to whence they sprung before.7·······
And behind each ample curl7····/˘·
Peeps the richness of a pearl.7··/˘···
Downward too flows many a tress8/˘··/˘··
With a glossy waviness;7··/˘/˘˘
Full, and round like globes that rise7·······
From the censer to the skies7··/˘···
Through sunny air. Add too, the sweetness9·/˘····/˘
Of thy honied voice; the neatness8··/˘··/˘
Of thine ankle lightly turn'd:7··/˘/˘·
With those beauties, scarce discrn'd,6··/˘··
Kept with such sweet privacy,7····/˘˘
That they seldom meet the eye7··/˘···
Of the little loves that fly7··/˘···
Round about with eager pry.7····/˘·
Saving when, with freshening lave,8/˘··/˘˘·
Thou dipp'st them in the taintless wave;8·····/˘·
Like twin water lillies, born7··/˘/˘·
In the coolness of the morn.7··/˘···
O, if thou hadst breathed then,6······
Now the Muses had been ten.7··/˘···
Couldst thou wish for lineage higher9····/˘˘/˘
Than twin sister of Thalia?7··/˘·/˘
At least for ever, evermore,8···/˘/˘·
Will I call the Graces four.7····/˘·
Hadst thou liv'd when chivalry7····/˘˘
Lifted up her lance on high,7/˘·····
Tell me what thou wouldst have been?7·······
Ah! I see the silver sheen7····/˘·
Of thy broidered, floating vest7····/˘·
Cov'ring half thine ivory breast;8····/˘˘·
Which, O heavens! I should see,7··/˘···
But that cruel destiny7··/˘/˘˘
Has placed a golden cuirass there;8···/˘˘/·
Keeping secret what is fair.7/˘/˘···
Like sunbeams in a cloudlet nested9·/···/˘/˘
Thy locks in knightly casque are rested:9···/˘··/˘
O'er which bend four milky plumes7····/˘·
Like the gentle lilly's blooms7··/˘/˘·
Springing from a costly vase.7/˘··/˘·
See with what a stately pace7····/˘·
Comes thine alabaster steed;7··/˘·˘·
Servant of heroic deed!7/˘·˘/˘·
O'er his loins, his trappings glow7····/˘·
Like the northern lights on snow.7··/˘···
Mount his back! thy sword unsheath!7·······
Sign of the enchanter's death;7···˘/˘·
Bane of every wicked spell;8··/˘˘/˘·
Silencer of dragon's yell.7/˘˘·/˘·
Alas! thou this wilt never do:8˘/···/˘·
Thou art an enchantress too,7···˘/˘·
And wilt surely never spill7··/˘/˘·
Blood of those whose eyes can kill.7·······

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