To Charles Cowden Clarke
Oft have you seen a swan superbly frowning,And with proud breast his own white shadow crowning;He slants his neck beneath the waters brightSo silently, it seems a beam of lightCome from the galaxy: anon he sports,--With outspread wings the Naiad Zephyr courts,Or ruffles all the surface of the lakeIn striving from its crystal face to takeSome diamond water drops, and them to treasureIn milky nest, and sip them off at leisure.But not a moment can he there insure them,Nor to such downy rest can he allure them;For down they rush as though they would be free,And drop like hours into eternity.Just like that bird am I in loss of time,Whene'er I venture on the stream of rhyme;With shatter'd boat, oar snapt, and canvass rent,I slowly sail, scarce knowing my intent;Still scooping up the water with my fingers,In which a trembling diamond never lingers.
By this, friend Charles, you may full plainly seeWhy I have never penn'd a line to thee:Because my thoughts were never free, and clear,And little fit to please a classic ear;Because my wine was of too poor a savourFor one whose palate gladdens in the flavourOf sparkling Helicon:--small good it wereTo take him to a desert rude, and bare.Who had on Baiae's shore reclin'd at ease,While Tasso's page was floating in a breezeThat gave soft music from Armida's bowers,Mingled with fragrance from her rarest flowers:Small good to one who had by Mulla's streamFondled the maidens with the breasts of cream;Who had beheld Belphoebe in a brook,And lovely Una in a leafy nook,And Archimago leaning o'er his book:Who had of all that's sweet tasted, and seen,From silv'ry ripple, up to beauty's queen;From the sequester'd haunts of gay Titania,To the blue dwelling of divine Urania:One, who, of late, had ta'en sweet forest walksWith him who elegantly chats, and talks--The wrong'd Libert as,--who has told you storiesOf laurel chaplets, and Apollo's glories;Of troops chivalrous prancing; through a city,And tearful ladies made for love, and pity:With many else which I have never known.Thus have I thought; and days on days have flownSlowly, or rapidly--unwilling stillFor you to try my dull, unlearned quill.Nor should I now, but that I've known you long;That you first taught me all the sweets of song:The grand, the sweet, the terse, the free, the fine;What swell'd with pathos, and what right divine:Spenserian vowels that elope with ease,And float along like birds o'er summer seas;Miltonian storms, and more, Miltonian tenderness;Michael in arms, and more, meek Eve's fair slenderness.Who read for me the sonnet swelling loudlyUp to its climax and then dying proudly?Who found for me the grandeur of the ode,Growing, like Atlas, stronger from its load?Who let me taste that more than cordial dram,The sharp, the rapier-pointed epigram?Shew'd me that epic was of all the king,Round, vast, and spanning all like Saturn's ring?You too upheld the veil from Clio's beauty,And pointed out the patriot's stern duty;The might of Alfred, and the shaft of Tell;The hand of Brutus, that so grandly fellUpon a tyrant's head. Ah! had I never seen,Or known your kindness, what might I have been?What my enjoyments in my youthful years,Bereft of all that now my life endears?And can I e'er these benefits forget?And can I e'er repay the friendly debt?No, doubly no;--yet should these rhymings please,I shall roll on the grass with two-fold ease:For I have long time been my fancy feedingWith hopes that you would one day think the readingOf my rough verses not an hour misspent;Should it e'er be so, what a rich content!Some weeks have pass'd since last I saw the spiresIn lucent Thames reflected:--warm desiresTo see the sun o'er peep the eastern dimness,And morning shadows streaking into slimnessAcross the lawny fields, and pebbly water;To mark the time as they grow broad, and shorter;To feel the air that plays about the hills,And sips its freshness from the little rills;To see high, golden corn wave in the lightWhen Cynthia smiles upon a summer's night,And peers among the cloudlet's jet and white,As though she were reclining in a bedOf bean blossoms, in heaven freshly shed.No sooner had I stepp'd into these pleasuresThan I began to think of rhymes and measures:The air that floated by me seem'd to say"Write! thou wilt never have a better day."And so I did. When many lines I'd written,Though with their grace I was not oversmitten,Yet, as my hand was warm, I thought I'd betterTrust to my feelings, and write you a letter.Such an attempt required an inspirationOf a peculiar sort,--a consummation;--Which, had I felt, these scribblings might have beenVerses from which the soul would never wean:But many days have past since last my heartWas warm'd luxuriously by divine Mozart;By Arne delighted, or by Handel madden'd;Or by the song of Erin pierc'd and sadden'd:What time you were before the music sitting,And the rich notes to each sensation fitting.Since I have walk'd with you through shady lanesThat freshly terminate in open plains,And revel'd in a chat that ceased notWhen at night-fall among your books we got:No, nor when supper came, nor after that,--Nor when reluctantly I took my hat;No, nor till cordially you shook my handMid-way between our homes:--your accents blandStill sounded in my ears, when I no moreCould hear your footsteps touch the grav'ly floor.Sometimes I lost them, and then found again;You chang'd the footpath for the grassy plain.In those still moments I have wish'd you joysThat well you know to honour:--"Life's very toysWith him," said I, "will take a pleasant charm;It cannot be that ought will work him harm."These thoughts now come o'er me with all their might:--Again I shake your hand,--friend Charles, good night.
Words in this poem 32
- anon adv.
- Straightway; at once. [OE. anoon, anon, anan, lit., in one (moment), fr. AS. on in + an one. See On and One.]
- outspread v. t.
- To spread out; to expand; -- usually as a past part. or adj.
- naiad n.
- A water nymph; one of the lower female divinities, fabled to preside over some body of fresh water, as a lake, river, brook, or fountain. [L. naias, -adis, naïs, -idis, a water nymph, Gr naïade. Cf. Naid.]
- zephyr n.
- The west wind; poetically, any soft, gentle breeze. [L. zephyrus, Gr. zéphyr.]
- scarce a.
- Not plentiful or abundant; in small quantity in proportion to the demand; not easily to be procured; rare; uncommon. [OE. scars, OF. escars, eschars, LL. scarpsus, for L. excerptus, p. p. of excerpere to pick out, and hence to contract, to shorten; ex (see Ex-) + carpere. See C]
- classic a.
- Of or relating to the first class or rank, especially in literature or art. [L. classicus relating to the classes of the Roman people, and especially to the frist class; hence, of the first rank, superior, from classis class: cf. F. clas]
- savour v. t.
- To perceive by the smell or the taste; hence, to perceive; to note. B. Jonson.
- flavour n.
- That quality of anything which affects the smell; odor; fragrances; as, the flavor of a rose. [OF. fleur, flaur (two syllables), odor, cf. F. fleurer to emit an odor, It. flatore a bad odor, prob. fr. L. flare to bow, whence the sense of exhalation. Cf. B]
- helicon n.
- A mountain in Boeotia, in Greece, supposed by the Greeks to be the residence of Apollo and the Muses.
- nook n.
- A narrow place formed by an angle in bodies or between bodies; a corner; a recess; a secluded retreat. [OE. nok; cf. Gael. & Ir. niuc.]
- urania n.
- One of the nine Muses, daughter of Zeus by Mnemosyne, and patron of astronomy.
- tearful a.
- Abounding with tears; weeping; shedding tears; as, tearful eyes.
- flown a.
- Flushed, inflated.
- terse a.
- Appearing as if rubbed or wiped off; rubbed; smooth; polished. [L. tersus, p.p. of tergere to rub or wipe off.]
- spenserian a.
- Of or pertaining to the English poet Spenser; -- specifically applied to the stanza used in his poem
- miltonian a.
- Miltonic. Lowell.
- sonnet n.
- A short poem, -- usually amatory. [F., fr. It. sonetto, fr. suono a sound, a song, fr. L. sonus a sound. See Sound noise.]
- grandly adv.
- In a grand manner.
- shall v. i.
- To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
- lucent a.
- Shining; bright; resplendent. [L. lucens, p. pr. of lucere to shine, fr. lux, lucis, light.]
- slimness n.
- The quality or state of being slim.
- lawny a.
- Having a lawn; characterized by a lawn or by lawns; like a lawn.
- pebbly a.
- Full of pebbles; pebbled.
- consummation n.
- The act of consummating, or the state of being consummated; completed; completion; perfection; termination; end (as of the world or of life). [L. consummatio.]
- delighted a.
- Endowed with delight.
- erin n.
- An early, and now a poetic, name of Ireland. [Ir. Cf. Aryan.]
- reluctantly adv.
- In a reluctant manner.
- cordially adv.
- In a cordial manner. Dr. H. More.
- shook v. t.
- To pack, as staves, in a shook.
- footpath n.
- A narrow path or way for pedestrains only; a footway.
- honour n.
- Esteem due or paid to worth; high estimation; respect; consideration; reverence; veneration; manifestation of respect or reverence. [OE. honor, honour, onour, onur, OF. honor, onor, honur, onur, honour, onour, F. honneur, fr. L. honor, honos.]
- ought p. p.
- Was or were under obligation to pay; owed. [Orig. the preterit of the verb to owe. OE. oughte, aughte, ahte, AS. ahte. sq. root110. See Owe.]
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
To Charles Cowden Clarke is in the public domain. This text is taken from Poems 1817, Project Gutenberg ebook #8209; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: John Keats, To Charles Cowden Clarke, in Poems (1817) (1817), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #8209, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/keats-1817/to-charles-cowden-clarke.html, id L00409.
Form and metre
To Charles Cowden Clarke is 132 lines in 2 verse paragraphs. It is in rhyming couplets, 53% of the lines: heroic couplets. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 87%). 93% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 10.4 syllables. 41 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 28% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.
See other poems in heroic couplets, other poems in iambic pentameter.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Rhyme words, stanza by stanza
The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.
- 1 AABBCCDDEEFF--GGHHII frowningA · crowningA · brightB · lightB · sportsC · courtsC · lakeD · takeD · treasureE · leisureE · themF · themF · free · eternity · timeG · rhymeG · rentH · intentH · fingersI · lingersI
- 2 AABBCC-BDDDDEEFFFGG--HHIIJJKKLLMMNNOOPPQQRRSSTTUUVV--WWXXYY--ZZ--aa--bbcccddeeffgghhiiiijjkkllmmnnooppqq--rrsstt seeA · theeA · clearB · earB · savourC · flavourC · were · bareB · easeD · breezeD · bowersD · flowersD · streamE · creamE · brookF · nookF · bookF · seenG · queenG · titania · urania · walksH · talksH · storiesI · gloriesI · cityJ · pityJ · knownK · flownK · stillL · quillL · longM · songM · fineN · divineN · easeO · seasO · tendernessP · slendernessP · loudlyQ · proudlyQ · odeR · loadR · dramS · epigramS · kingT · ringT · beautyU · dutyU · tellV · fellV · seen · been · yearsW · endearsW · forgetX · debtX · pleaseY · easeY · feeding · reading · misspentZ · contentZ · spires · desires · dimnessa · slimnessa · water · shorter · hillsb · rillsb · lightc · nightc · whitec · bedd · shedd · pleasurese · measurese · sayf · dayf · writteng · oversmitteng · betterh · letterh · inspirationi · consummationi · beeni · weani · heartj · mozartj · madden'dk · sadden'dk · sittingl · fittingl · lanesm · plainsm · notn · gotn · thato · hato · handp · blandp · moreq · floorq · again · plain · joysr · toysr · charms · harms · mightt · nightt
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| Oft have you seen a swan superbly frowning, | 11 | ······/˘˘/˘ |
| And with proud breast his own white shadow crowning; | 11 | ·······/·/˘ |
| He slants his neck beneath the waters bright | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| So silently, it seems a beam of light | 10 | ·/˘˘······ |
| Come from the galaxy: anon he sports,-- | 10 | ···/˘˘˘/·· |
| With outspread wings the Naiad Zephyr courts, | 10 | ·˘/··/˘/˘· |
| Or ruffles all the surface of the lake | 10 | ·/˘··/˘··· |
| In striving from its crystal face to take | 10 | ·/˘··/˘··· |
| Some diamond water drops, and them to treasure | 11 | ·/˘/˘····/˘ |
| In milky nest, and sip them off at leisure. | 11 | ·/˘······/˘ |
| But not a moment can he there insure them, | 11 | ···/˘···˘/· |
| Nor to such downy rest can he allure them; | 11 | ···/˘···˘/· |
| For down they rush as though they would be free, | 10 | ·········· |
| And drop like hours into eternity. | 11 | ···/˘··˘/˘˘ |
| Just like that bird am I in loss of time, | 10 | ·········· |
| Whene'er I venture on the stream of rhyme; | 11 | ····/˘····· |
| With shatter'd boat, oar snapt, and canvass rent, | 10 | ·/˘····/˘· |
| I slowly sail, scarce knowing my intent; | 10 | ·/˘··/˘·˘/ |
| Still scooping up the water with my fingers, | 11 | ·/˘··/˘··/˘ |
| In which a trembling diamond never lingers. | 11 | ···/˘˘/˘//˘ |
| By this, friend Charles, you may full plainly see | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Why I have never penn'd a line to thee: | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Because my thoughts were never free, and clear, | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| And little fit to please a classic ear; | 10 | ·/˘····/˘· |
| Because my wine was of too poor a savour | 11 | ·········/˘ |
| For one whose palate gladdens in the flavour | 11 | ···/˘/˘··/˘ |
| Of sparkling Helicon:--small good it were | 10 | ·/˘/˘····· |
| To take him to a desert rude, and bare. | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| Who had on Baiae's shore reclin'd at ease, | 9 | ·····˘/·· |
| While Tasso's page was floating in a breeze | 10 | ·/···/˘··· |
| That gave soft music from Armida's bowers, | 11 | ···/˘·˘/˘/˘ |
| Mingled with fragrance from her rarest flowers: | 11 | /˘·/˘··/˘/˘ |
| Small good to one who had by Mulla's stream | 10 | ·········· |
| Fondled the maidens with the breasts of cream; | 10 | /˘·/˘····· |
| Who had beheld Belphoebe in a brook, | 9 | ··˘/····· |
| And lovely Una in a leafy nook, | 10 | ·/˘/˘··/˘· |
| And Archimago leaning o'er his book: | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| Who had of all that's sweet tasted, and seen, | 10 | ······/˘·· |
| From silv'ry ripple, up to beauty's queen; | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| From the sequester'd haunts of gay Titania, | 11 | ··˘/˘···˘/˘ |
| To the blue dwelling of divine Urania: | 12 | ···/˘·˘/˘/˘˘ |
| One, who, of late, had ta'en sweet forest walks | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| With him who elegantly chats, and talks-- | 10 | ···/˘˘˘··· |
| The wrong'd Libert as,--who has told you stories | 11 | ··/˘·····/˘ |
| Of laurel chaplets, and Apollo's glories; | 11 | ·/˘···˘/˘/˘ |
| Of troops chivalrous prancing; through a city, | 11 | ··/˘˘/˘··/˘ |
| And tearful ladies made for love, and pity: | 11 | ·/˘/˘····/˘ |
| With many else which I have never known. | 10 | ·/˘····/˘· |
| Thus have I thought; and days on days have flown | 10 | ·········· |
| Slowly, or rapidly--unwilling still | 10 | /˘·/˘˘˘/˘· |
| For you to try my dull, unlearned quill. | 10 | ······˘/˘· |
| Nor should I now, but that I've known you long; | 10 | ·········· |
| That you first taught me all the sweets of song: | 10 | ·········· |
| The grand, the sweet, the terse, the free, the fine; | 10 | ·········· |
| What swell'd with pathos, and what right divine: | 10 | ···/˘···˘/ |
| Spenserian vowels that elope with ease, | 11 | ˘/˘˘/˘·˘/·· |
| And float along like birds o'er summer seas; | 10 | ··˘/···/˘· |
| Miltonian storms, and more, Miltonian tenderness; | 13 | ˘/˘˘···˘/˘˘/˘ |
| Michael in arms, and more, meek Eve's fair slenderness. | 12 | /˘·········· |
| Who read for me the sonnet swelling loudly | 11 | ·····/˘/˘/˘ |
| Up to its climax and then dying proudly? | 11 | ···/···/˘/˘ |
| Who found for me the grandeur of the ode, | 10 | ·····˘/··· |
| Growing, like Atlas, stronger from its load? | 10 | /˘·/˘/˘··· |
| Who let me taste that more than cordial dram, | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| The sharp, the rapier-pointed epigram? | 10 | ···/˘/˘/˘· |
| Shew'd me that epic was of all the king, | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Round, vast, and spanning all like Saturn's ring? | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| You too upheld the veil from Clio's beauty, | 11 | ··˘/···/˘/˘ |
| And pointed out the patriot's stern duty; | 11 | ·/˘··/˘˘·/˘ |
| The might of Alfred, and the shaft of Tell; | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| The hand of Brutus, that so grandly fell | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| Upon a tyrant's head. Ah! had I never seen, | 11 | ···/˘····/· |
| Or known your kindness, what might I have been? | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| What my enjoyments in my youthful years, | 10 | ··˘/˘··/˘· |
| Bereft of all that now my life endears? | 10 | ˘/······˘/ |
| And can I e'er these benefits forget? | 10 | ·····/˘˘˘/ |
| And can I e'er repay the friendly debt? | 10 | ····˘/·/˘· |
| No, doubly no;--yet should these rhymings please, | 10 | ·/˘····/˘· |
| I shall roll on the grass with two-fold ease: | 10 | ·········· |
| For I have long time been my fancy feeding | 11 | ·······/˘/˘ |
| With hopes that you would one day think the reading | 11 | ·········/˘ |
| Of my rough verses not an hour misspent; | 10 | ···/˘··/˘/ |
| Should it e'er be so, what a rich content! | 10 | ········/˘ |
| Some weeks have pass'd since last I saw the spires | 10 | ·········· |
| In lucent Thames reflected:--warm desires | 11 | ·/˘·˘/˘·˘/˘ |
| To see the sun o'er peep the eastern dimness, | 11 | ·······/˘/˘ |
| And morning shadows streaking into slimness | 11 | ·/˘/·/˘··/˘ |
| Across the lawny fields, and pebbly water; | 11 | ˘/·/˘··/˘/˘ |
| To mark the time as they grow broad, and shorter; | 11 | ·········/˘ |
| To feel the air that plays about the hills, | 10 | ·········· |
| And sips its freshness from the little rills; | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| To see high, golden corn wave in the light | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| When Cynthia smiles upon a summer's night, | 10 | ·/˘····/˘· |
| And peers among the cloudlet's jet and white, | 10 | ·········· |
| As though she were reclining in a bed | 10 | ····˘/˘··· |
| Of bean blossoms, in heaven freshly shed. | 10 | ··/˘·/˘/˘· |
| No sooner had I stepp'd into these pleasures | 11 | ·/˘······/˘ |
| Than I began to think of rhymes and measures: | 11 | ··˘/·····/˘ |
| The air that floated by me seem'd to say | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| "Write! thou wilt never have a better day." | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| And so I did. When many lines I'd written, | 11 | ·····/˘··/˘ |
| Though with their grace I was not oversmitten, | 11 | ··········· |
| Yet, as my hand was warm, I thought I'd better | 11 | ·········/˘ |
| Trust to my feelings, and write you a letter. | 11 | ···/˘····/˘ |
| Such an attempt required an inspiration | 11 | ··˘/˘/··˘/˘ |
| Of a peculiar sort,--a consummation;-- | 11 | ··˘/˘···˘/˘ |
| Which, had I felt, these scribblings might have been | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| Verses from which the soul would never wean: | 10 | /˘·····/˘· |
| But many days have past since last my heart | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| Was warm'd luxuriously by divine Mozart; | 11 | ·······˘//˘ |
| By Arne delighted, or by Handel madden'd; | 11 | ··˘/˘··/˘·· |
| Or by the song of Erin pierc'd and sadden'd: | 11 | ·····/˘··/˘ |
| What time you were before the music sitting, | 11 | ·······/˘/˘ |
| And the rich notes to each sensation fitting. | 11 | ······˘/˘/˘ |
| Since I have walk'd with you through shady lanes | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| That freshly terminate in open plains, | 10 | ·/˘/˘··/˘· |
| And revel'd in a chat that ceased not | 10 | ·/˘·····˘· |
| When at night-fall among your books we got: | 10 | ·········· |
| No, nor when supper came, nor after that,-- | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Nor when reluctantly I took my hat; | 10 | ··˘/˘˘···· |
| No, nor till cordially you shook my hand | 10 | ···/˘˘···· |
| Mid-way between our homes:--your accents bland | 10 | ····/··/˘· |
| Still sounded in my ears, when I no more | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| Could hear your footsteps touch the grav'ly floor. | 10 | ···/······ |
| Sometimes I lost them, and then found again; | 10 | ˘/······˘/ |
| You chang'd the footpath for the grassy plain. | 10 | ···/···/˘· |
| In those still moments I have wish'd you joys | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| That well you know to honour:--"Life's very toys | 11 | ·····/˘·/˘· |
| With him," said I, "will take a pleasant charm; | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| It cannot be that ought will work him harm." | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| These thoughts now come o'er me with all their might:-- | 10 | ·········· |
| Again I shake your hand,--friend Charles, good night. | 10 | ˘/········ |
The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.