Specimen of an Induction to a Poem

John Keats (1795–1821) · 1817

iambic pentameter · heroic couplets · 68 lines · from Poems (1817)

Lo! I must tell a tale of chivalry;For large white plumes are dancing in mine eye.Not like the formal crest of latter days:But bending in a thousand graceful ways;So graceful, that it seems no mortal hand,Or e'en the touch of Archimago's wand,Could charm them into such an attitude.We must think rather, that in playful mood,Some mountain breeze had turned its chief delight,To show this wonder of its gentle might.Lo! I must tell a tale of chivalry;For while I muse, the lance points slantinglyAthwart the morning air: some lady sweet,Who cannot feel for cold her tender feet,From the worn top of some old battlementHails it with tears, her stout defender sent:And from her own pure self no joy dissembling,Wraps round her ample robe with happy trembling.Sometimes, when the good Knight his rest would take,It is reflected, clearly, in a lake,With the young ashen boughs, 'gainst which it rests,And th' half seen mossiness of linnets' nests.Ah! shall I ever tell its cruelty,When the fire flashes from a warrior's eye,And his tremendous hand is grasping it,And his dark brow for very wrath is knit?Or when his spirit, with more calm intent,Leaps to the honors of a tournament,And makes the gazers round about the ringStare at the grandeur of the balancing?No, no! this is far off:--then how shall IRevive the dying tones of minstrelsy,Which linger yet about lone gothic arches,In dark green ivy, and among wild larches?How sing the splendour of the revelries,When buts of wine are drunk off to the lees?And that bright lance, against the fretted wall,Beneath the shade of stately banneral,Is slung with shining cuirass, sword, and shield?Where ye may see a spur in bloody field.Light-footed damsels move with gentle pacesRound the wide hall, and show their happy faces;Or stand in courtly talk by fives and sevens:Like those fair stars that twinkle in the heavens.Yet must I tell a tale of chivalry:Or wherefore comes that knight so proudly by?Wherefore more proudly does the gentle knight,Rein in the swelling of his ample might?

Spenser! thy brows are arched, open, kind,And come like a clear sun-rise to my mind;And always does my heart with pleasure dance,When I think on thy noble countenance:Where never yet was ought more earthly seenThan the pure freshness of thy laurels green.Therefore, great bard, I not so fearfullyCall on thy gentle spirit to hover nighMy daring steps: or if thy tender care,Thus startled unaware,Be jealous that the foot of other wightShould madly follow that bright path of lightTrac'd by thy lov'd Libertas; he will speak,And tell thee that my prayer is very meek;That I will follow with due reverence,And start with awe at mine own strange pretence.Him thou wilt hear; so I will rest in hopeTo see wide plains, fair trees and lawny slope:The morn, the eve, the light, the shade, the flowers:Clear streams, smooth lakes, and overlooking towers.

Words in this poem 21
dissembling a.
That dissembles; hypocritical; false.
ashen a.
Of or pertaining to the ash tree. [See Ash, the tree.]
mossiness n.
The state of being mossy.
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
tremendous a.
Fitted to excite fear or terror; such as may astonish or terrify by its magnitude, force, or violence; terrible; dreadful; as, a tremendous wind; a tremendous shower; a tremendous shock or fall. [L. tremendus that is to be trembled at, fearful, fr. tremere to tremble. See Tremble.]
tournament n.
A mock fight, or warlike game, formerly in great favor, in which a number of combatants were engaged, as an exhibition of their address and bravery; hence, figuratively, a real battle. [OE. turnement, tornement, OF. torneiement, tornoiement, F. tournoiement a turning or wheeling round. See Tourney.]
minstrelsy n.
The arts and occupation of minstrels; the singing and playing of a minstrel.
lone n.
A lane. See Loanin.
splendour n.
Great brightness; brilliant luster; brilliancy; as, the splendor ot the sun. B. Jonson. [L. fr. splendere to shine: cf. F. splendeur.]
courtly a.
Relating or belonging to a court. [From Court.]
twinkle v. i.
To open and shut the eye rapidly; to blink; to wink. [OE. twinklen, AS. twinclian; akin to OE. twinken to blink, wink, G. zwinken, zwinkern, and perhaps to E. twitch.]
wherefore adv.
For which reason; so; -- used relatively. [Where + for.]
ought p. p.
Was or were under obligation to pay; owed. [Orig. the preterit of the verb to owe. OE. oughte, aughte, ahte, AS. ahte. sq. root110. See Owe.]
fearfully adv.
In a fearful manner.
hover n.
A cover; a shelter; a protection. Carew. C. Kingsley. [Etymol. doubtful.]
unaware a.
Not aware; not noticing; giving no heed; thoughtless; inattentive.
wight n.
A whit; a bit; a jot. [OE. wight, wiht, a wight, a whit, AS. wiht, wuht, a creature, a thing; skin to D. wicht a child, OS. & OHG. wiht a creature, thing, G. wicht a creature, Icel. v]
madly adv.
In a mad manner; without reason or understanding; wildly. [From Mad, a.]
pretence n.
The act of laying claim; the claim laid; assumption; pretension. [LL. praetensus, for L. praetentus, p. p. of praetendere. See Pretend, and cf. Tension.]
lawny a.
Having a lawn; characterized by a lawn or by lawns; like a lawn.
morn n.
The first part of the day; the morning; -- used chiefly in poetry. [OE. morwen, morgen, AS. morgen; akin to D. morgen, OS. morgan, G. morgen, Icel. morginn, morgunn, Sw. morgon, Dan. morgen, Goth. maúrgins. Cf. Morrow, Morning.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Specimen of an Induction to a Poem is in the public domain. This text is taken from Poems 1817, Project Gutenberg ebook #8209; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: John Keats, Specimen of an Induction to a Poem, in Poems (1817) (1817), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #8209, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/keats-1817/specimen-of-an-induction-to-a-poem.html, id L00402.

Form and metre

Specimen of an Induction to a Poem is 68 lines in 2 verse paragraphs. It is in rhyming couplets, 71% of the lines: heroic couplets. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 87%). 93% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 10.1 syllables. 22 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 16% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in heroic couplets, other poems in iambic pentameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 --AA--BBCC--DDEE--FFGG--HHIIJJ--KKKK--LL--MM--NN chivalry · eye · daysA · waysA · hand · wand · attitudeB · moodB · delightC · mightC · chivalry · slantingly · sweetD · feetD · battlementE · sentE · dissembling · trembling · takeF · lakeF · restsG · nestsG · cruelty · eye · itH · knitH · intentI · tournamentI · ringJ · balancingJ · i · minstrelsy · archesK · larchesK · revelriesK · leesK · wall · banneral · shieldL · fieldL · paces · faces · sevensM · heavensM · chivalry · by · knightN · mightN
  2. 2 AABBCC--DDEEFFGGHHII kindA · mindA · danceB · countenanceB · seenC · greenC · fearfully · nigh · careD · unawareD · wightE · lightE · speakF · meekF · reverenceG · pretenceG · hopeH · slopeH · flowersI · towersI
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
Lo! I must tell a tale of chivalry;10·······/˘˘
For large white plumes are dancing in mine eye.10·····/˘···
Not like the formal crest of latter days:10···/˘··/˘·
But bending in a thousand graceful ways;10·/˘··/˘/˘·
So graceful, that it seems no mortal hand,10·/˘····/˘·
Or e'en the touch of Archimago's wand,10··········
Could charm them into such an attitude.10·······/˘·
We must think rather, that in playful mood,10···/˘··/˘·
Some mountain breeze had turned its chief delight,10·/˘·····˘/
To show this wonder of its gentle might.10···/˘··/˘·
Lo! I must tell a tale of chivalry;10·······/˘˘
For while I muse, the lance points slantingly10··········
Athwart the morning air: some lady sweet,10˘/·/˘··/˘·
Who cannot feel for cold her tender feet,10·/˘····/˘·
From the worn top of some old battlement10·······/˘˘
Hails it with tears, her stout defender sent:10······˘/˘·
And from her own pure self no joy dissembling,11········˘/˘
Wraps round her ample robe with happy trembling.11···/˘··/˘/˘
Sometimes, when the good Knight his rest would take,10˘/········
It is reflected, clearly, in a lake,10··˘/˘/˘···
With the young ashen boughs, 'gainst which it rests,10···/˘·····
And th' half seen mossiness of linnets' nests.10···/˘˘····
Ah! shall I ever tell its cruelty,9···/˘··/˘
When the fire flashes from a warrior's eye,10··//˘··/˘·
And his tremendous hand is grasping it,10··˘/˘··/˘·
And his dark brow for very wrath is knit?10·····/˘···
Or when his spirit, with more calm intent,10···/˘···˘/
Leaps to the honors of a tournament,10···/˘··/˘˘
And makes the gazers round about the ring10··········
Stare at the grandeur of the balancing?10···˘/··/˘˘
No, no! this is far off:--then how shall I10··········
Revive the dying tones of minstrelsy,10˘/·/˘··/˘˘
Which linger yet about lone gothic arches,11·/˘····/˘/˘
In dark green ivy, and among wild larches?11···/˘····/˘
How sing the splendour of the revelries,10···/˘··/˘˘
When buts of wine are drunk off to the lees?10··········
And that bright lance, against the fretted wall,10·······/˘·
Beneath the shade of stately banneral,10·····/˘···
Is slung with shining cuirass, sword, and shield?10···/˘˘/···
Where ye may see a spur in bloody field.10·······/˘·
Light-footed damsels move with gentle paces11·/˘/˘··/˘/˘
Round the wide hall, and show their happy faces;11·······/˘/˘
Or stand in courtly talk by fives and sevens:11···/˘····/˘
Like those fair stars that twinkle in the heavens.11·····/˘··/˘
Yet must I tell a tale of chivalry:10·······/˘˘
Or wherefore comes that knight so proudly by?10·/˘····/˘·
Wherefore more proudly does the gentle knight,10/˘·/˘··/˘·
Rein in the swelling of his ample might?10···/˘··/˘·
Spenser! thy brows are arched, open, kind,10/˘····˘/˘·
And come like a clear sun-rise to my mind;10··········
And always does my heart with pleasure dance,10·/·····/˘·
When I think on thy noble countenance:10·····/˘/˘˘
Where never yet was ought more earthly seen10·/˘····/˘·
Than the pure freshness of thy laurels green.10···/˘··/˘·
Therefore, great bard, I not so fearfully10·······/˘˘
Call on thy gentle spirit to hover nigh10···/˘/·/˘·
My daring steps: or if thy tender care,10·/˘····/˘·
Thus startled unaware,6·/˘·˘/
Be jealous that the foot of other wight10·/˘····/˘·
Should madly follow that bright path of light10·/˘/˘·····
Trac'd by thy lov'd Libertas; he will speak,10··········
And tell thee that my prayer is very meek;10·······/˘·
That I will follow with due reverence,10···/˘··/˘˘
And start with awe at mine own strange pretence.10··········
Him thou wilt hear; so I will rest in hope10··········
To see wide plains, fair trees and lawny slope:10·······/˘·
The morn, the eve, the light, the shade, the flowers:11·········/˘
Clear streams, smooth lakes, and overlooking towers.11·····/˘·˘/˘

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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