Imitation of Spenser

John Keats (1795–1821) · 1817

iambic pentameter · 78 lines · from Poems (1817)

Now Morning from her orient chamber came,And her first footsteps touch'd a verdant hill;Crowning its lawny crest with amber flame,Silv'ring the untainted gushes of its rill;Which, pure from mossy beds, did down distill,And after parting beds of simple flowers,By many streams a little lake did fill,Which round its marge reflected woven bowers,And, in its middle space, a sky that never lowers.

There the king-fisher saw his plumage brightVieing with fish of brilliant dye below;Whose silken fins, and golden scales' lightCast upward, through the waves, a ruby glow:There saw the swan his neck of arched snow,And oar'd himself along with majesty;Sparkled his jetty eyes; his feet did showBeneath the waves like Afric's ebony,And on his back a fay reclined voluptuously.

Ah! could I tell the wonders of an isleThat in that fairest lake had placed been,I could e'en Dido of her grief beguile;Or rob from aged Lear his bitter teen:For sure so fair a place was never seen,Of all that ever charm'd romantic eye:It seem'd an emerald in the silver sheenOf the bright waters; or as when on high,Through clouds of fleecy white, laughs the coerulean sky.

And all around it dipp'd luxuriouslySlopings of verdure through the glossy tide,Which, as it were in gentle amity,Rippled delighted up the flowery side;As if to glean the ruddy tears, it tried,Which fell profusely from the rose-tree stem!Haply it was the workings of its pride,In strife to throw upon the shore a gemOutvieing all the buds in Flora's diadem.

Woman! when I behold thee flippant, vain,Inconstant, childish, proud, and full of fancies;Without that modest softening that enhancesThe downcast eye, repentant of the painThat its mild light creates to heal again:E'en then, elate, my spirit leaps, and prances,E'en then my soul with exultation dancesFor that to love, so long, I've dormant lain:But when I see thee meek, and kind, and tender,Heavens! how desperately do I adoreThy winning graces;--to be thy defenderI hotly burn--to be a Calidore--A very Red Cross Knight--a stout Leander--Might I be loved by thee like these of yore.

Light feet, dark violet eyes, and parted hair;Soft dimpled hands, white neck, and creamy breast,Are things on which the dazzled senses restTill the fond, fixed eyes, forget they stare.From such fine pictures, heavens! I cannot dareTo turn my admiration, though unpossess'dThey be of what is worthy,--though not drestIn lovely modesty, and virtues rare.Yet these I leave as thoughtless as a lark;These lures I straight forget,--e'en ere I dine,Or thrice my palate moisten: but when I markSuch charms with mild intelligences shine,My ear is open like a greedy shark,To catch the tunings of a voice divine.

Ah! who can e'er forget so fair a being?Who can forget her half retiring sweets?God! she is like a milk-white lamb that bleatsFor man's protection. Surely the All-seeing,Who joys to see us with his gifts agreeing,Will never give him pinions, who intreatsSuch innocence to ruin,--who vilely cheatsA dove-like bosom. In truth there is no freeingOne's thoughts from such a beauty; when I hearA lay that once I saw her hand awake,Her form seems floating palpable, and near;Had I e'er seen her from an arbour takeA dewy flower, oft would that hand appear,And o'er my eyes the trembling moisture shake.

Words in this poem 27
lawny a.
Having a lawn; characterized by a lawn or by lawns; like a lawn.
rill n.
A very small brook; a streamlet. [Cf. LG. rille a small channel or brook, a furrow, a chamfer, OE. rigol a small brook, F. rigole a trench or furrow for water, W. rhill a row, rhigol a little di]
marge n.
Border; margin; edge; verge. [F. marge. See Margin.]
jetty v. i.
To jut out; to project. Florio.
reclined a.
Falling or turned downward; reclinate.
isle v. t.
To cause to become an island, or like an island; to surround or encompass; to island.
lear v. t.
To learn. See Lere, to learn.
teen n.
Grief; sorrow; affiction; pain. Chaucer. [OE. tene, AS. teóna reproach, wrong, fr. teón to accuse; akin to G. zeihen, Goth. gateihan to tell, announce, L. dicere to say. See Token.]
sheen v. i.
To shine; to glisten.
fleecy a.
Covered with, made of, or resembling, a fleece.
amity n.
Friendship, in a general sense, between individuals, societies, or nations; friendly relations; good understanding; as, a treaty of amity and commerce; the amity of the Whigs and Tories. [F. amitié, OF. amistié, amisté, fr. an assumed LL. amisitas, fr. L. amicus friendly, from amare to love. See Amiable.]
delighted a.
Endowed with delight.
glean n.
Cleaning; afterbirth. Holland.
profusely adv.
In a profuse manner.
haply adv.
By hap, chance, luck, or accident; perhaps; it may be.
strife n.
The act of striving; earnest endeavor. [OF. estrif. See Strive.]
flippant a.
Of smooth, fluent, and rapid speech; speaking with ease and rapidity; having a voluble tongue; talkative. [Prov. E. flip to move nimbly; cf. W. llipa soft, limber, pliant, or Icel. fleipa to babble, prattle. Cf. Flip, Fillip, Flap, Flipper.]
repentant a.
Penitent; sorry for sin. [F. repentant.]
elate a.
Lifted up; raised; elevated. [L. elatus elevated, fig., elated, proud (the figure, perh., being borrowed from a prancing horse); e out + latus (used as p. p. of ferre to bear), for tlatus, a]
desperately adv.
In a desperate manner; without regard to danger or safety; recklessly; extremely; as, the troops fought desperately.
adore v. t.
To worship with profound reverence; to pay divine honors to; to honor as deity or as divine. [OE. aouren, anouren, adoren, OF. aorer, adorer, F. adorer, fr. L. adorare; ad + orare to speak, pray, os, oris, mouth. In OE. confused with honor, the French pr]
hotly adv.
In a hot or fiery manner; ardently; vehemently; violently; hastily; as, a hotly pursued. [From Hot, a.]
yore adv.
In time long past; in old time; long since. [OE. , yare, , AS. geára;akin to geár a year, E. year. Year.]
creamy a.
Full of, or containing, cream; resembling cream, in nature, appearance, or taste; creamlike; unctuous.
admiration n.
Wonder; astonishment. [F., fr. L. admiratio. See Admire.]
dine v. i.
To eat the principal regular meal of the day; to take dinner. [F. dîner, OF. disner, LL. disnare, contr. fr. an assumed disjunare; dis- + an assumed junare (OF. juner) to fast, for L. jejunare, fr. jejunus fasting. See Jeju]
arbour n.
A kind of latticework formed of, or covered with, vines, branches of trees, or other plants, for shade; a bower. Sir P. [OE. herber, herbere, properly a garden of herbs, F. herbier, fr. L. herbarium. See Herb, and cf. Herbarium.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Imitation of Spenser is in the public domain. This text is taken from Poems 1817, Project Gutenberg ebook #8209; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: John Keats, Imitation of Spenser, in Poems (1817) (1817), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #8209, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/keats-1817/imitation-of-spenser.html, id L00406.

Form and metre

Imitation of Spenser is 78 lines in 7 stanzas. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 89%). 93% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 10.3 syllables. 17 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 30% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in iambic pentameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 ABABBCBC- cameA · hillB · flameA · rillB · distillB · flowersC · fillB · bowersC · lowers
  2. 2 ABABB-B-- brightA · belowB · lightA · glowB · snowB · majesty · showB · ebony · voluptuously
  3. 3 A-ABBCBCC isleA · been · beguileA · teenB · seenB · eyeC · sheenB · highC · skyC
  4. 4 -A-AABABB luxuriously · tideA · amity · sideA · triedA · stemB · prideA · gemB · diademB
  5. 5 A-BAABBACDCD-D vainA · fancies · enhancesB · painA · againA · prancesB · dancesB · lainA · tenderC · adoreD · defenderC · calidoreD · leander · yoreD
  6. 6 ABBAA-BACDCDCD hairA · breastB · restB · stareA · dareA · unpossess'd · drestB · rareA · larkC · dineD · markC · shineD · sharkC · divineD
  7. 7 ABBAABBACDCDCD beingA · sweetsB · bleatsB · seeingA · agreeingA · intreatsB · cheatsB · freeingA · hearC · awakeD · nearC · takeD · appearC · shakeD
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
Now Morning from her orient chamber came,11·/˘··/˘·/˘·
And her first footsteps touch'd a verdant hill;10···/···/˘·
Crowning its lawny crest with amber flame,10/˘·/˘··/˘·
Silv'ring the untainted gushes of its rill;11···˘/˘/˘···
Which, pure from mossy beds, did down distill,10···/˘···˘/
And after parting beds of simple flowers,11···/˘··/˘/˘
By many streams a little lake did fill,10·/˘··/˘···
Which round its marge reflected woven bowers,11····˘/˘/˘/˘
And, in its middle space, a sky that never lowers.12···/˘····//˘
There the king-fisher saw his plumage bright10···/˘··/˘·
Vieing with fish of brilliant dye below;9····/˘···
Whose silken fins, and golden scales' light9·/˘··/˘··
Cast upward, through the waves, a ruby glow:10·/˘····/˘·
There saw the swan his neck of arched snow,10········˘·
And oar'd himself along with majesty;10··˘/˘/·/˘˘
Sparkled his jetty eyes; his feet did show10/˘·/˘·····
Beneath the waves like Afric's ebony,10·······/˘˘
And on his back a fay reclined voluptuously.12······˘/····
Ah! could I tell the wonders of an isle10·····/˘···
That in that fairest lake had placed been,10···/˘···˘·
I could e'en Dido of her grief beguile;10···/˘···˘/
Or rob from aged Lear his bitter teen:9······/˘·
For sure so fair a place was never seen,10·······/˘·
Of all that ever charm'd romantic eye:10···/˘·˘/˘·
It seem'd an emerald in the silver sheen10···/˘··/˘·
Of the bright waters; or as when on high,10···/˘·····
Through clouds of fleecy white, laughs the coerulean sky.12···/˘·······
And all around it dipp'd luxuriously10··········
Slopings of verdure through the glossy tide,10/˘·/˘··/˘·
Which, as it were in gentle amity,10·····/˘/˘˘
Rippled delighted up the flowery side;10/˘˘/˘··/˘·
As if to glean the ruddy tears, it tried,10·····/˘···
Which fell profusely from the rose-tree stem!10··˘/˘·····
Haply it was the workings of its pride,10/˘···/˘···
In strife to throw upon the shore a gem10··········
Outvieing all the buds in Flora's diadem.11······/˘/˘·
Woman! when I behold thee flippant, vain,10/˘··˘/·/˘·
Inconstant, childish, proud, and full of fancies;11˘/˘/˘····/˘
Without that modest softening that enhances11···/˘/˘·˘/˘
The downcast eye, repentant of the pain10·/··˘/˘···
That its mild light creates to heal again:10····˘/··˘/
E'en then, elate, my spirit leaps, and prances,11··˘/·/˘··/˘
E'en then my soul with exultation dances11·········/˘
For that to love, so long, I've dormant lain:10·······/˘·
But when I see thee meek, and kind, and tender,11·········/˘
Heavens! how desperately do I adore10/˘·/˘˘··˘/
Thy winning graces;--to be thy defender11·/˘/˘···˘/˘
I hotly burn--to be a Calidore--10·/˘·······
A very Red Cross Knight--a stout Leander--11·/˘·····˘/˘
Might I be loved by thee like these of yore.10··········
Light feet, dark violet eyes, and parted hair;10···/˘··/˘·
Soft dimpled hands, white neck, and creamy breast,10·/˘····/˘·
Are things on which the dazzled senses rest10·····/˘/˘·
Till the fond, fixed eyes, forget they stare.10····˘·˘/··
From such fine pictures, heavens! I cannot dare11···/˘/˘·˘/·
To turn my admiration, though unpossess'd11····˘/˘····
They be of what is worthy,--though not drest10·····/˘···
In lovely modesty, and virtues rare.10·/˘/˘˘·/˘·
Yet these I leave as thoughtless as a lark;10·····/˘···
These lures I straight forget,--e'en ere I dine,10····˘/····
Or thrice my palate moisten: but when I mark11···/˘/˘····
Such charms with mild intelligences shine,10····˘/˘˘˘·
My ear is open like a greedy shark,10···/˘··/˘·
To catch the tunings of a voice divine.10···/˘···˘/
Ah! who can e'er forget so fair a being?11····˘/···/˘
Who can forget her half retiring sweets?10··˘/··˘/˘·
God! she is like a milk-white lamb that bleats10··········
For man's protection. Surely the All-seeing,11··˘/˘/˘··/˘
Who joys to see us with his gifts agreeing,11········˘/˘
Will never give him pinions, who intreats10·/˘··/˘···
Such innocence to ruin,--who vilely cheats10·/˘·/·····
A dove-like bosom. In truth there is no freeing12···/˘·····/˘
One's thoughts from such a beauty; when I hear10·····/˘···
A lay that once I saw her hand awake,10········˘/
Her form seems floating palpable, and near;10···/˘/˘˘··
Had I e'er seen her from an arbour take10·······/˘·
A dewy flower, oft would that hand appear,10·/˘/····˘/
And o'er my eyes the trembling moisture shake.10·····/˘/˘·

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

More by John Keats