To William Butler Yeats
Merry the night, you riders of the wild!A merry night to ride your wilderness.Come you from visionary haunts, enisledAmid the northern waters pitiless,Over these cliffs white-heathered? Upon mildMidnights of dewy June, oh, rare to pressPast moonlit fields of white bean-flowers! nor lessTo wander beside falling waves, beguiledBy soft winds into still dreams! Yet confess,You chivalries of air, unreconciledTo the warm, breathing world! what ghostly stressCompels your visit unto sorrow's child?
What would you here? For here you have no part:Only the sad voices of wind and seaAre prophets here to any wistful heart:Or white flowers found upon a glimmering lea.What would you here? Sweep onward, and departOver the ocean into Brittany,Where old faith is, and older mystery!Though this be western land, we have no artTo welcome spirits in community:Trafficking, in an high celestial mart,Slumber for wondrous knowledge: setting freeOur souls, that strain and agonize and start.
The wind hath cried to me, all the long day,That you were coming, chivalries of air!Between the waters and the starry way.Fair lies the sea about a land, as fair:Moonlight and west winds move upon the bayGently: now down the rough path sweet it wereTo clamber, and so launching out to fareForth for the heart of sea and night, awayFrom hard earth's loud uproar, and harder care!But you at will about the winds can stray:Or bid the wandering stars of midnight bearYou company: or with the seven stay.
And yet you came for me! So the wind cried,So my soul knows: else why am I awakeWith expectation and desire, besideThe soothed sea's murmuring nocturnal lake?Not sleep, but storm, welcomes a widowed bride:Storms of sad certainty, vain want, that makeVigil perpetual mine; so that I takeThe gusty night in place of him, who died,To clasp me home to heart. That cannot break,The eternal heart of nature far and wide!So now, your message! while the clear stars shakeWithin the gleaming sea, shake and abide.
So now, your message! Breathe words from the wave,Or breathe words from the field, into mine ears:Or from the sleeping shades of a cold graveBring comfortable solace for my tears.Something of my love's heart could nature save:Some rich delight to spice the tasteless years,Some hope to light the valley of lone fears.Hear! I am left alone, to bear and braveThe sounding storms: but you, from starry spheres,From wild wood haunts, give me, as love once gaveJoy from his home celestial, so, love's peers!Give peace awhile to me, sorrow's poor slave!
In sorrow's order I dwell passionist,Cloistered by tossing sea on weary land.O vain love! vain, to claim me votarist:O vain my heart! that will not understand,He is dead! I am lonely! Love in a MistMy flower is: and salt tangle of the strand,The crownals woven by this failing hand:In the dark kingdom, walking where I list,I walk where Lethe glides against the sand.But vain love is a constant lutanist,Playing old airs, and able to withstandSweet sleep: vain love, thou loyal melodist!
You wanderers! Would I were wanderingUnder the white moon with you, or amongThe invisible stars with you! Would I might singOver the charmed sea your enchaunting song,Song of old autumn, and of radiant spring:Might sing, how earth the mother suffers long;How the great winds are wild, yet do no wrong;How the most frail bloom is at heart a king!I could endure then, strenuous and strong:But now, O spirits of the air! I bringBefore you my waste soul: why will you throngAbout me, save to take even such a thing?
Only for this you ride the midnight gloom,Above the ancient isles of the old main.The spray leaps on the hidden rocks of doom:The ripples break, and wail away againUpon the gathering wave: gaunt headlands loomIn the lone distance of the heaving plain.And now, until the calm, the still stars wane,You wait upon my heart, my heart a tomb.Though I dream, life and dreams are alike vain!Then love me, tell me news of dear death: whomCircle you, but a soul astray, one fainTo leave this close world for death's larger room?
If barren be the promise I desire,The promise that I shall not always goIn living solitariness: break fireOut of the night, and lay me swiftly low!Soft spirits! you have wings to waft me higher,Than touch of each my most familiar woe:Am I unworthy, you should raise me so?If barren be that trust, my dreams inspireOnly despair; my brooding heart must growHeavy with miseries; a mourning quire,To tell the heavy hours, how sad, how slow,Are all their footsteps, of whose sound I tire.
Bright seafire runs about a plunging keelOn vehement nights: and where black danger lies,Gleam the torn breakers. But all days revealDrear dooms for me, nor any nights disguiseTheir menace: never rolls the thunder pealThrough my worn watch, nor lightning past mine eyesLeaps from the blue gloom of its mother skies,One hour alone, but all, while sad stars wheel.This hour, was it a lie, that bade me rise;Some laughing dream, that whispered me to stealInto the sea-sweet night, where the wind cries,And find the comfort, that I cannot feel?
My lord hath gone your way perpetual:Whether you be great spirits of the dead,Or spirits you, that never were in thrallTo perishing bodies, dust-born, dustward led.Sweet shadows! passing by this ocean wall,Tarry to pour some balm upon mine head,Some pity for a woman, who hath wedWith weariness and loneliness, from fallTo fall, from bitter snows to maybloom red:The hayfields hear, the cornlands hear, my call!From weariness toward weariness I tread;And hunger for the end: the end of all.
Words in this poem 33
- enisled p. a.
- Placed alone or apart, as if on an island; severed, as an island.
- amid prep.
- In the midst or middle of; surrounded or encompassed by; among. [OE. amidde, amiddes, on midden, AS. on middan, in the middle, fr. midde the middle. The s is an adverbial ending, originally marking the genitive; the t is a la]
- moonlit a.
- Illumined by the moon.
- ghostly a.
- Relating to the soul; not carnal or secular; spiritual; as, a ghostly confessor. [OE. gastlich, gostlich, AS. gastlic. See Ghost.]
- wistful a.
- Longing; wishful; desirous. [For wishful; perhaps influenced by wistly, which is probably corrupted from OE. wisly certainly (from Icel. viss certain, akin to E. wit). See Wish.]
- depart v. i.
- To part; to divide; to separate. [OE. departen to divide, part, depart, F. départir to divide, distribute, se départir to separate one's self, depart; pref. dé- (L. de) + partir to part, depart,]
- mart v. t.
- To buy or sell in, or as in, a mart.
- wondrous adv.
- In a wonderful or surprising manner or degree; wonderfully. [OE. wonders, adv. (later also adj.). See Wonder, n., and cf. -wards.]
- agonize v. i.
- To writhe with agony; to suffer violent anguish. [F. agoniser, LL. agonizare, fr. Gr. Agony.]
- starry a.
- Abounding with stars; adorned with stars.
- clamber v. i.
- To climb with difficulty, or with hands and feet; -- also used figuratively. [OE clambren, clameren, to heap together, climb; akin to Icel. klambra to clamp, G. klammern. Cf. Clamp, Climb.]
- vigil n.
- Abstinence from sleep, whether at a time when sleep is customary or not; the act of keeping awake, or the state of being awake, or the state of being awake; sleeplessness; wakefulness; watch. [OE. vigile, L. vigilia, from vigil awake, watchful, probably akin to E. wake: cf. F. vigile. See Wake, v. i., and cf. Reveille, Surveillance, Vedette, Vegetable]
- gusty a.
- Subject to, or characterized by, gusts or squalls; windy; stormy; tempestuous.
- solace n.
- Comfort in grief; alleviation of grief or anxiety; also, that which relieves in distress; that which cheers or consoles; relief. [OF. solas, ssoulaz, L. solacium, solatium, fr. solari to comfort, console. Cf. Console, v. t.]
- lone n.
- A lane. See Loanin.
- awhile adv.
- For a while; for some time; for a short time. [Adj. a + while time, interval.]
- dwell v. i.
- To delay; to linger. [OE. dwellen, dwelien, to err, linger, AS. dwellan to deceive, hinder, delay, dwelian to err; akin to Icel. dvelja to delay, tarry, Sw. dväljas to dwell, Dan. dv]
- cloistered a.
- Dwelling in cloisters; solitary.
- tangle v. t.
- To unite or knit together confusedly; to interweave or interlock, as threads, so as to make it difficult to unravel the knot; to entangle; to ravel. [A frequentative fr. tang seaweed; hence, to twist like seaweed. See Tang seaweed, and cf. Tangle, n.]
- lethe n.
- A river of Hades whose waters when drunk caused forgetfulness of the past.
- lutanist n.
- A person that plays on the lute. Johnson. [LL.lutanista, fr. lutana lute. See Lute the instrument.]
- melodist n.
- A composer or singer of melodies. [Cf. F. mélodiste.]
- strenuous a.
- Eagerly pressing or urgent; zealous; ardent; earnest; bold; valiant; intrepid; as, a strenuous advocate for national rights; a strenuous reformer; a strenuous defender of his country.
- gaunt a.
- Attenuated, as with fasting or suffering; lean; meager; pinched and grim. [Cf. Norw. gand a thin pointed stick, a tall and thin man, and W. gwan weak.]
- fain v. t.
- To be glad ; to wish or desire.
- shall v. i.
- To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
- solitariness n.
- Condition of being solitary.
- waft v. t.
- To give notice to by waving something; to wave the hand to; to beckon. [Prob. originally imp. & p. p. of wave, v. t. See Wave to waver.]
- quire v. i.
- To sing in concert.
- drear n.
- Sadness; dismalness.
- peal v. i.
- To appeal. Spencer.
- bade
- A form of the pat tense of Bid.
- loneliness n.
- The condition of being lonely; solitude; seclusion.
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
To William Butler Yeats is in the public domain. This text is taken from Poems, Project Gutenberg ebook #66520; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: Lionel Johnson, To William Butler Yeats, in Poems (1895), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #66520, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/johnson-lionel-poems/to-william-butler-yeats.html, id L12477.
Form and metre
To William Butler Yeats is 132 lines in 11 stanzas of 12 lines each. The commonest rhyme scheme is ABABABBABABA, in 5 of the 11 stanzas; the rest vary or could not be confirmed. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 85%). 92% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 9.8 syllables. 11 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 36% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.
See other poems in iambic pentameter.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Rhyme words, stanza by stanza
The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.
- 1 AB-BABBABABA wildA · wildernessB · enisled · pitilessB · mildA · pressB · lessB · beguiledA · confessB · unreconciledA · stressB · childA
- 2 ABABA--A-ABA partA · seaB · heartA · leaB · departA · brittany · mystery · artA · community · martA · freeB · startA
- 3 ABABA-BABABA dayA · airB · wayA · fairB · bayA · were · fareB · awayA · careB · strayA · bearB · stayA
- 4 ABABABBABABA criedA · awakeB · besideA · lakeB · brideA · makeB · takeB · diedA · breakB · wideA · shakeB · abideA
- 5 ABABABBABABA waveA · earsB · graveA · tearsB · saveA · yearsB · fearsB · braveA · spheresB · gaveA · peersB · slaveA
- 6 ABABCBBCBCBC passionistA · landB · votaristA · understandB · mistC · strandB · handB · listC · sandB · lutanistC · withstandB · melodistC
- 7 AABCBCCBCBCB wanderingA · amongA · singB · songC · springB · longC · wrongC · kingB · strongC · bringB · throngC · thingB
- 8 ABABABBABABA gloomA · mainB · doomA · againB · loomA · plainB · waneB · tombA · vainB · whomA · fainB · roomA
- 9 ABABABBCBCBA desireA · goB · fireA · lowB · higherA · woeB · soB · inspireC · growB · quireC · slowB · tireA
- 10 ABABABBABABA keelA · liesB · revealA · disguiseB · pealA · eyesB · skiesB · wheelA · riseB · stealA · criesB · feelA
- 11 ABABABBABABA perpetualA · deadB · thrallA · ledB · wallA · headB · wedB · fallA · redB · callA · treadB · allA
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| Merry the night, you riders of the wild! | 9 | /˘···/··· |
| A merry night to ride your wilderness. | 9 | ·/˘····/˘ |
| Come you from visionary haunts, enisled | 10 | ···/˘·˘·˘/ |
| Amid the northern waters pitiless, | 9 | ˘/·/˘/˘/˘ |
| Over these cliffs white-heathered? Upon mild | 9 | ····/˘··· |
| Midnights of dewy June, oh, rare to press | 10 | /··/˘····· |
| Past moonlit fields of white bean-flowers! nor less | 10 | ·/·····/·· |
| To wander beside falling waves, beguiled | 10 | ·/˘·//˘·˘/ |
| By soft winds into still dreams! Yet confess, | 10 | ········˘/ |
| You chivalries of air, unreconciled | 9 | ·/˘··˘/˘· |
| To the warm, breathing world! what ghostly stress | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| Compels your visit unto sorrow's child? | 10 | ˘/·/˘··/˘· |
| What would you here? For here you have no part: | 10 | ·········· |
| Only the sad voices of wind and sea | 10 | /˘··/˘···· |
| Are prophets here to any wistful heart: | 10 | ·/˘··/˘/˘· |
| Or white flowers found upon a glimmering lea. | 10 | ··/····/˘· |
| What would you here? Sweep onward, and depart | 10 | ·····/˘·˘/ |
| Over the ocean into Brittany, | 9 | ··/˘··/˘˘ |
| Where old faith is, and older mystery! | 9 | ·····/˘/˘ |
| Though this be western land, we have no art | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| To welcome spirits in community: | 9 | ·/˘/˘·˘/˘ |
| Trafficking, in an high celestial mart, | 9 | /˘···˘/˘· |
| Slumber for wondrous knowledge: setting free | 10 | /˘·/˘/˘/˘· |
| Our souls, that strain and agonize and start. | 10 | /····/˘··· |
| The wind hath cried to me, all the long day, | 10 | ·········· |
| That you were coming, chivalries of air! | 9 | ···/˘/˘·· |
| Between the waters and the starry way. | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| Fair lies the sea about a land, as fair: | 10 | ·········· |
| Moonlight and west winds move upon the bay | 10 | /········· |
| Gently: now down the rough path sweet it were | 10 | /˘········ |
| To clamber, and so launching out to fare | 10 | ·/˘··/˘··· |
| Forth for the heart of sea and night, away | 10 | ········˘/ |
| From hard earth's loud uproar, and harder care! | 10 | ····/··/˘· |
| But you at will about the winds can stray: | 10 | ·········· |
| Or bid the wandering stars of midnight bear | 10 | ···/˘··/·· |
| You company: or with the seven stay. | 8 | ·/˘···/· |
| And yet you came for me! So the wind cried, | 10 | ·········· |
| So my soul knows: else why am I awake | 10 | ········˘/ |
| With expectation and desire, beside | 10 | ··˘/˘·˘/˘/ |
| The soothed sea's murmuring nocturnal lake? | 9 | ···/˘˘/˘· |
| Not sleep, but storm, welcomes a widowed bride: | 10 | ····/˘·/˘· |
| Storms of sad certainty, vain want, that make | 9 | ···/˘···· |
| Vigil perpetual mine; so that I take | 10 | /˘˘/˘····· |
| The gusty night in place of him, who died, | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| To clasp me home to heart. That cannot break, | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| The eternal heart of nature far and wide! | 11 | ·˘/˘··/˘··· |
| So now, your message! while the clear stars shake | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Within the gleaming sea, shake and abide. | 10 | ···/˘···˘/ |
| So now, your message! Breathe words from the wave, | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Or breathe words from the field, into mine ears: | 10 | ·········· |
| Or from the sleeping shades of a cold grave | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Bring comfortable solace for my tears. | 8 | ·/˘/˘··· |
| Something of my love's heart could nature save: | 10 | /˘·····/˘· |
| Some rich delight to spice the tasteless years, | 10 | ··˘/···/˘· |
| Some hope to light the valley of lone fears. | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| Hear! I am left alone, to bear and brave | 10 | ····˘/···· |
| The sounding storms: but you, from starry spheres, | 10 | ·/˘····/˘· |
| From wild wood haunts, give me, as love once gave | 10 | ·········· |
| Joy from his home celestial, so, love's peers! | 10 | ····˘/˘··· |
| Give peace awhile to me, sorrow's poor slave! | 10 | ··˘/··/˘·· |
| In sorrow's order I dwell passionist, | 10 | ·/˘/˘··/˘˘ |
| Cloistered by tossing sea on weary land. | 10 | /˘·/˘··/˘· |
| O vain love! vain, to claim me votarist: | 10 | ·······/˘˘ |
| O vain my heart! that will not understand, | 10 | ········˘/ |
| He is dead! I am lonely! Love in a Mist | 11 | ·····/˘···· |
| My flower is: and salt tangle of the strand, | 10 | ·/···/˘··· |
| The crownals woven by this failing hand: | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| In the dark kingdom, walking where I list, | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| I walk where Lethe glides against the sand. | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| But vain love is a constant lutanist, | 10 | ·····/˘/˘˘ |
| Playing old airs, and able to withstand | 10 | /˘···/˘·˘/ |
| Sweet sleep: vain love, thou loyal melodist! | 10 | ·····/˘/˘˘ |
| You wanderers! Would I were wandering | 9 | ·/˘···/˘˘ |
| Under the white moon with you, or among | 10 | ·········· |
| The invisible stars with you! Would I might sing | 11 | ·˘/˘······· |
| Over the charmed sea your enchaunting song, | 9 | ········· |
| Song of old autumn, and of radiant spring: | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| Might sing, how earth the mother suffers long; | 10 | ·····/˘/˘· |
| How the great winds are wild, yet do no wrong; | 10 | ·········· |
| How the most frail bloom is at heart a king! | 10 | ·········· |
| I could endure then, strenuous and strong: | 9 | ··˘/·/˘·· |
| But now, O spirits of the air! I bring | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Before you my waste soul: why will you throng | 10 | ·········· |
| About me, save to take even such a thing? | 10 | ······/··· |
| Only for this you ride the midnight gloom, | 10 | /˘·····/·· |
| Above the ancient isles of the old main. | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| The spray leaps on the hidden rocks of doom: | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| The ripples break, and wail away again | 10 | ·/˘···˘/˘/ |
| Upon the gathering wave: gaunt headlands loom | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| In the lone distance of the heaving plain. | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| And now, until the calm, the still stars wane, | 10 | ·········· |
| You wait upon my heart, my heart a tomb. | 10 | ·········· |
| Though I dream, life and dreams are alike vain! | 10 | ·······˘/· |
| Then love me, tell me news of dear death: whom | 10 | ·········· |
| Circle you, but a soul astray, one fain | 10 | /˘····˘/·· |
| To leave this close world for death's larger room? | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| If barren be the promise I desire, | 10 | ·/˘··/˘·˘/ |
| The promise that I shall not always go | 10 | ·/˘····/·· |
| In living solitariness: break fire | 8 | ·/˘˘/˘·/ |
| Out of the night, and lay me swiftly low! | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Soft spirits! you have wings to waft me higher, | 10 | ·/˘······/ |
| Than touch of each my most familiar woe: | 10 | ······˘/˘· |
| Am I unworthy, you should raise me so? | 10 | ··˘/˘····· |
| If barren be that trust, my dreams inspire | 10 | ·/˘·····˘/ |
| Only despair; my brooding heart must grow | 10 | /˘˘/·/˘··· |
| Heavy with miseries; a mourning quire, | 9 | /˘·/˘·/˘· |
| To tell the heavy hours, how sad, how slow, | 10 | ···/˘/···· |
| Are all their footsteps, of whose sound I tire. | 10 | ···/·····/ |
| Bright seafire runs about a plunging keel | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| On vehement nights: and where black danger lies, | 10 | ·/˘····/˘· |
| Gleam the torn breakers. But all days reveal | 10 | ···/˘···˘/ |
| Drear dooms for me, nor any nights disguise | 10 | ·····/˘·˘/ |
| Their menace: never rolls the thunder peal | 9 | ·/˘/··/˘· |
| Through my worn watch, nor lightning past mine eyes | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| Leaps from the blue gloom of its mother skies, | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| One hour alone, but all, while sad stars wheel. | 10 | ·/˘/······ |
| This hour, was it a lie, that bade me rise; | 10 | ·/········ |
| Some laughing dream, that whispered me to steal | 10 | ·/˘··/˘··· |
| Into the sea-sweet night, where the wind cries, | 10 | ·········· |
| And find the comfort, that I cannot feel? | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| My lord hath gone your way perpetual: | 9 | ······˘/˘ |
| Whether you be great spirits of the dead, | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| Or spirits you, that never were in thrall | 9 | ·/˘··/··· |
| To perishing bodies, dust-born, dustward led. | 10 | ·/˘/˘····· |
| Sweet shadows! passing by this ocean wall, | 9 | ·/·/˘··/· |
| Tarry to pour some balm upon mine head, | 10 | /˘········ |
| Some pity for a woman, who hath wed | 10 | ·/˘··/˘··· |
| With weariness and loneliness, from fall | 8 | ·/˘·/˘·· |
| To fall, from bitter snows to maybloom red: | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| The hayfields hear, the cornlands hear, my call! | 10 | ·/········ |
| From weariness toward weariness I tread; | 9 | ·/˘··/˘·· |
| And hunger for the end: the end of all. | 10 | ·/˘······· |
The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.