The Great Lamentation of Deirdre for the Sons of Usna

Eleanor Hull (1860–1935) · 1912

iambic tetrameter · unrhymed · 80 lines · from The Poem-Book of the Gael

Splendid in your eyes may be the impetuous championsWho resort to Emain after a foray;More brilliant yet was the returnOf Usna's heroes to their home!

Noisi bearing pleasant mead of hazel-nuts;I myself bathed him at the fire;Ardan bore an ox or boar of goodly size,Ainle, a load of faggots on his stately back.

Sweet though the excellent mead be foundDrunk by the son of Ness of mighty conflicts;I have shared ere now, from a chase on the borders,Abundant provender more delicious!

When for the cooking-hearth noble NoisiUnbound the faggots on the forest hero-board,More pleasant than honey was each food,Better than all other the spoil brought in by Usna's sons.

How melodious soever at every timeMay be the sound of pipes and horns,Here to-day I make my confession,I have heard music sweeter far!

Here with Conchobar the kingSweet the sound of pipes and horns;More melodious to me the music,Famous and entrancing, of Usna's sons.

The sound of the wave was the voice of Noisi,Melodious music that wearied not ever;Mellow the rich-toned notes of Ardan,Or the deep chant of Ainle through the hunting-booth.

They have laid Noisi in the grave;Woeful to me was that convey,The company whose act poured out for themThe venomed draught from which they died.

Loved one of the well-trimmed beard! most fair is thy renown!Shapely one, though thy renown be fair!Alas! to-day I rise not upTo greet the coming of Usna's sons.

Beloved thy firm and upright mind!Beloved, high champion, modest-hearted,After our wandering through the forests of Fál,Gentle the caress of midnight.

Dear the grey eye, a woman's love;Though stern of aspect to the foe!As we passed through the trees to the simple tryst,Delightful thy deep notes across the sombre woods!

I sleep no more!No more I stain my finger-nails with red;No greeting comes to me who watch--The sons of Usna return no more.

I sleep not!Through half the wakeful nightMy mind is wandering out amongst the hosts;Yet more than that, I neither eat nor smile.

For me to-day no instant of deep joy,Nor noble house, nor rich adornments please;In Emain's gatherings of her mighty menI find no peace, nor pleasure, nor repose.

Splendid as in your eyes may be the impetuous championsWho resort to Emain after a foray;More brilliant yet was the returnOf Usna's heroes to their home!"

"What, O Conchobar, of thee?To me nought but tears and lamentation hast thou meted out;This is my life, so long as life shall last;Thy love for me is as a flame put out.

He who to me was fairest under heaven,He who was most beloved,Thou hast torn him from me, great was the injury,I see him not until I die.

The secret of my grief, that it is gone,The form of Usna's son revealed to me;A pile I see dark-black above a corpse,Bright and well known to me beyond all else.

Break not, my heart, to-day!I sink ere long into an early grave;Like to the strong sea-waveThe grief that binds me, if thou but knowest, O King!

What, O Conchobar, of thee?To me nought but tears and lamentation hast thou meted out;This is my life, so long as life shall last;Thy love, methinks, is as a flame put out."

Words in this poem

goodly a.
Pleasant; agreeable; desirable. [OE. godlich, AS. g. See Good, and Like.]
shapely a.
Well-formed; having a regular shape; comely; symmetrical. T.
caress n.
An act of endearment; any act or expression of affection; an embracing, or touching, with tenderness. [F. caresse, It. carezza, LL. caritia dearness, fr. L. carus dear. See Charity.]
tryst v. i.
To mutually agree to meet at a certain place.
sombre n.
Gloom; obscurity; duskiness; somberness.
wakeful a.
Not sleeping; indisposed to sleep; watchful; vigilant.
amongst prep.
Mixed or mingled; surrounded by. [OE. amongist, amonges, amonge, among, AS. onmang, ongemang, gemang, in a crowd or mixture. For the ending -st see Amidst. See Mingle.]
hast
, 2d pers. sing. pres. of. Fave, contr. of havest.
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
corpse n.
A human body in general, whether living or dead; -- sometimes contemptuosly. [OF. cors (sometimes written corps), F. corps, L. corpus; akin to AS. hrif womb. See Midriff, and cf. Corse, Corselet, Corps, Cuerpo.]
methinks v.
It seems to me; I think. See Me. [AS. þyncan to seem, me þynceedh, me þuhte, OE. me thinketh, me thoughte; akin to G. dünken to seem, denken to think, and E. think. See Me, and Think.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

The Great Lamentation of Deirdre for the Sons of Usna is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Poem-Book of the Gael Translations from Irish Gaelic Poetry into English Prose and Verse, Project Gutenberg ebook #46917; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Eleanor Hull, The Great Lamentation of Deirdre for the Sons of Usna, in The Poem-Book of the Gael (1912), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #46917, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/hull-gael/the-great-lamentation-of-deirdre-for-the-sons-of-usna.html, id L11674.

Form and metre

The Great Lamentation of Deirdre for the Sons of Usna is 80 lines in 20 verse paragraphs. It is unrhymed, as far as the pronouncing dictionary can tell. 93% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 9.5 syllables. 13 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 16% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 12 A--A moreA · red · watch · moreA
  2. 16 -A-A thee · outA · last · outA
  3. 19 -AA- day · graveA · waveA · king
  4. 20 -A-A thee · outA · last · outA
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
Splendid in your eyes may be the impetuous champions13/˘······˘/˘/˘
Who resort to Emain after a foray;11·˘/······/˘
More brilliant yet was the return8·/˘···˘/
Of Usna's heroes to their home!8···/˘···
Noisi bearing pleasant mead of hazel-nuts;11··/˘/˘··/˘·
I myself bathed him at the fire;9··/····/˘
Ardan bore an ox or boar of goodly size,11········/˘·
Ainle, a load of faggots on his stately back.12·····/˘··/˘·
Sweet though the excellent mead be found8···/˘···
Drunk by the son of Ness of mighty conflicts;11·······/˘/˘
I have shared ere now, from a chase on the borders,12··········/˘
Abundant provender more delicious!10˘/˘/˘˘·˘/˘
When for the cooking-hearth noble Noisi10···/˘·/˘··
Unbound the faggots on the forest hero-board,12˘/·/˘··/˘/˘·
More pleasant than honey was each food,9·/˘·/˘···
Better than all other the spoil brought in by Usna's sons.14/˘··/˘········
How melodious soever at every time11·˘/˘˘/˘·/˘·
May be the sound of pipes and horns,8········
Here to-day I make my confession,9······˘/˘
I have heard music sweeter far!8···/˘/˘·
Here with Conchobar the king7·······
Sweet the sound of pipes and horns;7·······
More melodious to me the music,9·˘/˘···/˘
Famous and entrancing, of Usna's sons.9/˘·/˘····
The sound of the wave was the voice of Noisi,11···········
Melodious music that wearied not ever;10˘/˘/˘·/˘·/
Mellow the rich-toned notes of Ardan,9/˘·······
Or the deep chant of Ainle through the hunting-booth.12·········/˘·
They have laid Noisi in the grave;8········
Woeful to me was that convey,8/˘····˘/
The company whose act poured out for them9·/˘······
The venomed draught from which they died.8·/˘·····
Loved one of the well-trimmed beard! most fair is thy renown!13···········˘/
Shapely one, though thy renown be fair!9/˘···˘/··
Alas! to-day I rise not up8˘/······
To greet the coming of Usna's sons.9···/˘····
Beloved thy firm and upright mind!8˘/···/··
Beloved, high champion, modest-hearted,9˘/·/˘/˘/˘
After our wandering through the forests of Fál,11··//˘··/˘··
Gentle the caress of midnight.8/˘·˘/·/·
Dear the grey eye, a woman's love;8·····/˘·
Though stern of aspect to the foe!8···/····
As we passed through the trees to the simple tryst,11········/˘·
Delightful thy deep notes across the sombre woods!12˘/˘···˘/·/˘·
I sleep no more!4····
No more I stain my finger-nails with red;10·····/˘···
No greeting comes to me who watch--8·/˘·····
The sons of Usna return no more.9·····˘/··
I sleep not!3···
Through half the wakeful night6···/˘·
My mind is wandering out amongst the hosts;10···/˘·····
Yet more than that, I neither eat nor smile.10·····/˘···
For me to-day no instant of deep joy,10·····/˘···
Nor noble house, nor rich adornments please;10·/˘···˘/˘·
In Emain's gatherings of her mighty men10···/˘··/˘·
I find no peace, nor pleasure, nor repose.10·····/˘·˘/
Splendid as in your eyes may be the impetuous champions14/˘·······˘/˘/˘
Who resort to Emain after a foray;11·˘/······/˘
More brilliant yet was the return8·/˘···˘/
Of Usna's heroes to their home!"8···/˘···
"What, O Conchobar, of thee?7·······
To me nought but tears and lamentation hast thou meted out;15············/˘·
This is my life, so long as life shall last;10··········
Thy love for me is as a flame put out.10··········
He who to me was fairest under heaven,10·····/˘··/
He who was most beloved,7····˘/˘
Thou hast torn him from me, great was the injury,11·········/˘
I see him not until I die.8········
The secret of my grief, that it is gone,10·/˘·······
The form of Usna's son revealed to me;10······˘/··
A pile I see dark-black above a corpse,10··········
Bright and well known to me beyond all else.10··········
Break not, my heart, to-day!6······
I sink ere long into an early grave;10·······/˘·
Like to the strong sea-wave6······
The grief that binds me, if thou but knowest, O King!12········/˘··
What, O Conchobar, of thee?7·······
To me nought but tears and lamentation hast thou meted out;15············/˘·
This is my life, so long as life shall last;10··········
Thy love, methinks, is as a flame put out."10··˘/······
Notes from the edition 3

Eleanor Hull's notes to The Poem-Book of the Gael (1912; Project Gutenberg #46917).

  1. Stanza 8, line 2 i.e. Fergus mac Roy and his sons, who induced the sons of Usna to return with them to Ireland, where they were slain by King Conchobar.
  2. Stanza 10, line 3 Fál is a poetic name for Ireland; Inisfáil means "the Island of destiny" or of "knowledge."
  3. Stanza 16, line 4 Lit. "is not lasting."

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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