To Albert Dürer
Through ancient forests--where like flowing tideThe rising sap shoots vigor far and wide,Mounting the column of the alder darkAnd silv'ring o'er the birch's shining bark--Hast thou not often, Albert Dürer, strayedPond'ring, awe-stricken--through the half-lit glade,Pallid and trembling--glancing not behindFrom mystic fear that did thy senses bind,Yet made thee hasten with unsteady pace?Oh, Master grave! whose musings lone we traceThroughout thy works we look on reverently.Amidst the gloomy umbrage thy mind's eyeSaw clearly, 'mong the shadows soft yet deep,The web-toed faun, and Pan the green-eyed peep,Who deck'd with flowers the cave where thou might'st rest,Leaf-laden dryads, too, in verdure drest.A strange weird world such forest was to thee,Where mingled truth and dreams in mystery;There leaned old ruminating pines, and thereThe giant elms, whose boughs deformed and bareA hundred rough and crooked elbows made;And in this sombre group the wind had swayed,Nor life--nor death--but life in death seemed found.The cresses drink--the water flows--and roundUpon the slopes the mountain rowans meet,And 'neath the brushwood plant their gnarled feet,Intwining slowly where the creepers twine.There, too, the lakes as mirrors brightly shine,And show the swan-necked flowers, each line by line.Chimeras roused take stranger shapes for thee,The glittering scales of mailèd throat we see,And claws tight pressed on huge old knotted tree;While from a cavern dim the bright eyes glare.Oh, vegetation! Spirit! Do we dareQuestion of matter, and of forces found'Neath a rude skin-in living verdure bound.Oh, Master--I, like thee, have wandered oftWhere mighty trees made arches high aloft,But ever with a consciousness of strife,A surging struggle of the inner life.Ever the trembling of the grass I say,And the boughs rocking as the breezes play,Have stirred deep thoughts in a bewild'ring way.Oh, God! alone Great Witness of all deeds,Of thoughts and acts, and all our human needs,God only knows how often in such scenesOf savage beauty under leafy screens,I've felt the mighty oaks had spirit dower--Like me knew mirth and sorrow--sentient power,And whisp'ring each to each in twilight dim,Had hearts that beat--and owned a soul from Him!
Words in this poem 16
- alder a.
- Of all; -- used in composition; as, alderbest, best of all, alderwisest, wisest of all. [From ealra, alra, gen. pl. of AS. eal. The d is excrescent.]
- hast
- , 2d pers. sing. pres. of. Fave, contr. of havest.
- stricken p. p.
- Struck; smitten; wounded; as, the stricken deer.
- glade n.
- An open passage through a wood; a grassy open or cleared space in a forest. [Prob. of Scand. origin, and akin to glad, a.; cf. also W. golead, goleuad, a lighting, illumination, fr. goleu light, clear, bright, goleu fwlch glade, lit., a ]
- glancing a.
- Shooting, as light.
- lone n.
- A lane. See Loanin.
- reverently adv.
- In a reverent manner; in respectful regard.
- amidst prep.
- In the midst or middle of; surrounded or encompassed by; among. [OE. amidde, amiddes, on midden, AS. on middan, in the middle, fr. midde the middle. The s is an adverbial ending, originally marking the genitive; the t is a la]
- umbrage n.
- Shade; shadow; obscurity; hence, that which affords a shade, as a screen of trees or foliage. [F. ombrage shade, suspicion, umbrage, L. umbraticus belonging to shade, fr. umbra a shade. Cf. Umber, Umbratic.]
- faun n.
- A god of fields and shipherds, diddering little from the satyr. [L. Faunus, fr. favere to be favorable. See Favor.]
- sombre n.
- Gloom; obscurity; duskiness; somberness.
- swayed a.
- Bent down, and hollow in the back; sway-backed; -- said of a horse.
- gnarled a.
- Knotty; full of knots or gnarls; twisted; crossgrained.
- glare v. i.
- To shine with a bright, dazzling light. [OE. glaren, gloren; cf. AS. glær amber, LG. glaren to glow or burn like coals, D. gloren to glimmer; prob. akin to E. glass.]
- strife n.
- The act of striving; earnest endeavor. [OF. estrif. See Strive.]
- needs adv.
- Of necessity; necessarily; indispensably; -- often with must, and equivalent to of need. [Orig. gen. of need, used as an adverb. Cf. - wards.]
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
To Albert Dürer is in the public domain. This text is taken from Poems, Project Gutenberg ebook #8775, the various hands translation; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: Victor Hugo, To Albert Dürer, in Poems (1888), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #8775, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/hugo-poems/to-albert-durer.html, id L26767.
Form and metre
To Albert Dürer is 51 lines in a single stanza. It is in rhyming couplets, 71% of the lines: heroic couplets. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 90%).
See other poems in heroic couplets, other poems in iambic pentameter.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Rhyme words, stanza by stanza
The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.
- 1 AABBCCDDEE--FFGG--HHIIJJKKLLLMMMNNOOPPQQRRRSSTT--UU tideA · wideA · darkB · barkB · strayedC · gladeC · behindD · bindD · paceE · traceE · reverently · eye · deepF · peepF · restG · drestG · thee · mystery · thereH · bareH · madeI · swayedI · foundJ · roundJ · meetK · feetK · twineL · shineL · lineL · theeM · seeM · treeM · glareN · dareN · foundO · boundO · oftP · aloftP · strifeQ · lifeQ · sayR · playR · wayR · deedsS · needsS · scenesT · screensT · dower · power · dimU · himU
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| Through ancient forests--where like flowing tide | 10 | ·/˘/˘··/˘· |
| The rising sap shoots vigor far and wide, | 10 | ·/˘··/˘··· |
| Mounting the column of the alder dark | 10 | /˘·/˘··/˘· |
| And silv'ring o'er the birch's shining bark-- | 10 | ·····/˘/˘· |
| Hast thou not often, Albert Dürer, strayed | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| Pond'ring, awe-stricken--through the half-lit glade, | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Pallid and trembling--glancing not behind | 10 | /˘·/˘/˘··· |
| From mystic fear that did thy senses bind, | 10 | ·/˘····/˘· |
| Yet made thee hasten with unsteady pace? | 10 | ···/˘·˘/˘· |
| Oh, Master grave! whose musings lone we trace | 10 | ·/˘··/˘··· |
| Throughout thy works we look on reverently. | 11 | ·······/˘˘˘ |
| Amidst the gloomy umbrage thy mind's eye | 10 | ˘/·/˘/˘··· |
| Saw clearly, 'mong the shadows soft yet deep, | 10 | ·/˘··/···· |
| The web-toed faun, and Pan the green-eyed peep, | 10 | ·········· |
| Who deck'd with flowers the cave where thou might'st rest, | 10 | ···/······ |
| Leaf-laden dryads, too, in verdure drest. | 9 | ·/˘···/˘· |
| A strange weird world such forest was to thee, | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| Where mingled truth and dreams in mystery; | 10 | ·/˘····/˘˘ |
| There leaned old ruminating pines, and there | 10 | ···/˘·˘··· |
| The giant elms, whose boughs deformed and bare | 10 | ·/˘···˘/·· |
| A hundred rough and crooked elbows made; | 10 | ·/˘··/˘/·· |
| And in this sombre group the wind had swayed, | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Nor life--nor death--but life in death seemed found. | 10 | ·········· |
| The cresses drink--the water flows--and round | 10 | ·/˘··/˘··· |
| Upon the slopes the mountain rowans meet, | 10 | ·····/˘/˘· |
| And 'neath the brushwood plant their gnarled feet, | 10 | ···/˘···˘· |
| Intwining slowly where the creepers twine. | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| There, too, the lakes as mirrors brightly shine, | 10 | ·····/˘/˘· |
| And show the swan-necked flowers, each line by line. | 10 | ·····/···· |
| Chimeras roused take stranger shapes for thee, | 10 | ˘/˘··/˘··· |
| The glittering scales of mailèd throat we see, | 10 | ·/˘˘······ |
| And claws tight pressed on huge old knotted tree; | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| While from a cavern dim the bright eyes glare. | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Oh, vegetation! Spirit! Do we dare | 10 | ··˘/˘/˘··· |
| Question of matter, and of forces found | 10 | /˘·/˘··/˘· |
| 'Neath a rude skin-in living verdure bound. | 10 | ·····/˘/˘· |
| Oh, Master--I, like thee, have wandered oft | 10 | ·/˘····/˘· |
| Where mighty trees made arches high aloft, | 10 | ·/˘··/˘·˘/ |
| But ever with a consciousness of strife, | 10 | ·/˘··/˘˘·· |
| A surging struggle of the inner life. | 10 | ·/˘/˘··/˘· |
| Ever the trembling of the grass I say, | 10 | /·/˘˘····· |
| And the boughs rocking as the breezes play, | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| Have stirred deep thoughts in a bewild'ring way. | 10 | ·········· |
| Oh, God! alone Great Witness of all deeds, | 10 | ··˘/·/˘··· |
| Of thoughts and acts, and all our human needs, | 10 | ······//˘· |
| God only knows how often in such scenes | 10 | ·/˘··/˘··· |
| Of savage beauty under leafy screens, | 10 | ·/˘/˘··/˘· |
| I've felt the mighty oaks had spirit dower-- | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| Like me knew mirth and sorrow--sentient power, | 11 | ·····/˘/˘˘/ |
| And whisp'ring each to each in twilight dim, | 10 | ·······/·· |
| Had hearts that beat--and owned a soul from Him! | 10 | ·········· |
The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.