The Grandmother

Victor Hugo (1802–1885), translated by various hands · 1888

anapaestic tetrameter · ABAABCDCCD · 55 lines · from Poems

Still asleep! We have been since the noon thus alone.Oh, the hours we have ceased to number!Wake, grandmother!--speechless say why thou art grown.Then, thy lips are so cold!--the Madonna of stoneIs like thee in thy holy slumber.We have watched thee in sleep, we have watched thee at prayer,But what can now betide thee?Like thy hours of repose all thy orisons were,And thy lips would still murmur a blessing whene'erThy children stood beside thee.

Now thine eye is unclosed, and thy forehead is bentO'er the hearth, where ashes smoulder;And behold, the watch-lamp will be speedily spent.Art thou vexed? have we done aught amiss? Oh, relent!But--parent, thy hands grow colder!Say, with ours wilt thou let us rekindle in thineThe glow that has departed?Wilt thou sing us some song of the days of lang syne?Wilt thou tell us some tale, from those volumes divine,Of the brave and noble-hearted?

Of the dragon who, crouching in forest green glen,Lies in wait for the unwary--Of the maid who was freed by her knight from the denOf the ogre, whose club was uplifted, but thenTurned aside by the wand of a fairy?Wilt thou teach us spell-words that protect from all harm,And thoughts of evil banish?What goblins the sign of the cross may disarm?What saint it is good to invoke? and what charmCan make the demon vanish?

Or unfold to our gaze thy most wonderful book,So feared by hell and Satan;At its hermits and martyrs in gold let us look,At the virgins, and bishops with pastoral crook,And the hymns and the prayers in Latin.Oft with legends of angels, who watch o'er the young,Thy voice was wont to gladden;Have thy lips yet no language--no wisdom thy tongue?Oh, see! the light wavers, and sinking, bath flungOn the wall forms that sadden.

Wake! awake! evil spirits perhaps may presumeTo haunt thy holy dwelling;Pale ghosts are, perhaps, stealing into the room--Oh, would that the lamp were relit! with the gloomThese fearful thoughts dispelling.Thou hast told us our parents lie sleeping beneathThe grass, in a churchyard lonely:Now, thine eyes have no motion, thy mouth has no breath,And thy limbs are all rigid! Oh, say, Is this death,Or thy prayer or thy slumber only?

Sad vigil they kept by that grandmother's chair,Kind angels hovered o'er them--And the dead-bell was tolled in the hamlet--and there,On the following eve, knelt that innocent pair,With the missal-book before them.

Words in this poem 18
speechless a.
Destitute or deprived of the faculty of speech.
madonna n.
My lady; -- a term of address in Italian formerly used as the equivalent of Madame, but for which Signora is now substituted. [It. madonna my lady. See Dame, Donna, and cf. Madame, Monkey.]
betide v. t.
To happen to; to befall; to come to ; as, woe betide the wanderer. [OE. bitiden; pref. bi-, be- + tiden, fr. AS. tidan, to happen, fr. tid time. See Tide.]
unclosed a.
Not separated by inclosures; open. Clarendon. [Pref. un- not + closed.]
smoulder v. t.
To smother; to suffocate; to choke. Holinshed.
aught n.
Property; possession. [AS. , fr. agan to own, p. p. ahte.]
relent v. i.
To become less rigid or hard; to yield; to dissolve; to melt; to deliquesce. [F. ralentir, fr. L. pref. re- re- + ad to + lentus pliant, flexible, slow. See Lithe.]
rekindle v. t.
To kindle again.
syne adv.
Afterwards; since; ago. R. of Brunne. [See Since.]
unwary a.
Not vigilant against danger; not wary or cautious; unguarded; precipitate; heedless; careless. [Cf. Unware.]
disarm v. t.
To deprive of arms; to take away the weapons of; to deprive of the means of attack or defense; to render defenseless. [OE. desarmen, F. désarmer; pref. dés- (L. dis-) + armer to arm. See Arm.]
gladden v. t.
To make glad; to cheer; to please; to gratify; to rejoice; to exhilarate. [See Glad, v. t.]
sadden v. t.
To make sad. Specifically: (a) To render heavy or cohesive.
presume v. t.
To assume or take beforehand; esp., to do or undertake without leave or authority previously obtained. [F. présumer, L. praesumere, praesumptum; prae before + sumere to take. See Assume, Redeem.]
hast
, 2d pers. sing. pres. of. Fave, contr. of havest.
churchyard n.
The ground adjoining a church, in which the dead are buried; a cemetery.
vigil n.
Abstinence from sleep, whether at a time when sleep is customary or not; the act of keeping awake, or the state of being awake, or the state of being awake; sleeplessness; wakefulness; watch. [OE. vigile, L. vigilia, from vigil awake, watchful, probably akin to E. wake: cf. F. vigile. See Wake, v. i., and cf. Reveille, Surveillance, Vedette, Vegetable]
missal n.
The book containing the service of the Mass for the entire year; a Mass book. [LL. missale, liber missalis, from missa mass: cf. F. missel. See 1st Mass.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

The Grandmother is in the public domain. This text is taken from Poems, Project Gutenberg ebook #8775, the various hands translation; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Victor Hugo, The Grandmother, in Poems (1888), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #8775, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/hugo-poems/the-grandmother.html, id L26709.

Form and metre

The Grandmother is 55 lines in 6 stanzas. The rhyme scheme is ABAABCDCCD, complete in 4 of its 6 stanzas. The metre is anapaestic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 87%).

See other poems in anapaestic tetrameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 ABAAB-C--C aloneA · numberB · grownA · stoneA · slumberB · prayer · theeC · were · whene'er · theeC
  2. 2 ABAABCDCCD bentA · smoulderB · spentA · relentA · colderB · thineC · departedD · syneC · divineC · heartedD
  3. 3 ABAABCDCCD glenA · unwaryB · denA · thenA · fairyB · harmC · banishD · disarmC · charmC · vanishD
  4. 4 ABAABCDCCD bookA · satanB · lookA · crookA · latinB · youngC · gladdenD · tongueC · flungC · saddenD
  5. 5 ABAABCDCCD presumeA · dwellingB · roomA · gloomA · dispellingB · beneathC · lonelyD · breathC · deathC · onlyD
  6. 6 ABAAB chairA · themB · thereA · pairA · themB
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against anapaestic tetrameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
Still asleep! We have been since the noon thus alone.12·˘/·······˘/
Oh, the hours we have ceased to number!10··/˘····/˘
Wake, grandmother!--speechless say why thou art grown.11·/·˘/˘·····
Then, thy lips are so cold!--the Madonna of stone12·······˘/˘··
Is like thee in thy holy slumber.9·····/˘/˘
We have watched thee in sleep, we have watched thee at prayer,12············
But what can now betide thee?7····˘/·
Like thy hours of repose all thy orisons were,12··/·˘/······
And thy lips would still murmur a blessing whene'er13·····/˘·/˘···
Thy children stood beside thee.7·/˘·˘/·
Now thine eye is unclosed, and thy forehead is bent12····˘/··/˘··
O'er the hearth, where ashes smoulder;8····/˘/˘
And behold, the watch-lamp will be speedily spent.11·˘/·····/˘·
Art thou vexed? have we done aught amiss? Oh, relent!12·······˘/·˘/
But--parent, thy hands grow colder!8·/˘···/˘
Say, with ours wilt thou let us rekindle in thine12··/····˘/˘··
The glow that has departed?7····˘/˘
Wilt thou sing us some song of the days of lang syne?12············
Wilt thou tell us some tale, from those volumes divine,12········/˘˘/
Of the brave and noble-hearted?8····/˘/˘
Of the dragon who, crouching in forest green glen,12··/˘·/˘·/˘··
Lies in wait for the unwary--8·····˘/˘
Of the maid who was freed by her knight from the den12············
Of the ogre, whose club was uplifted, but then11··/˘···/˘··
Turned aside by the wand of a fairy?10·˘/·····/˘
Wilt thou teach us spell-words that protect from all harm,12·······˘/···
And thoughts of evil banish?7···/˘/˘
What goblins the sign of the cross may disarm?11·/˘······˘/
What saint it is good to invoke? and what charm11······˘/···
Can make the demon vanish?7···/˘/˘
Or unfold to our gaze thy most wonderful book,11·˘/·/···/˘·
So feared by hell and Satan;7·····/˘
At its hermits and martyrs in gold let us look,12··/˘·/˘·····
At the virgins, and bishops with pastoral crook,11··/˘·/˘·/˘·
And the hymns and the prayers in Latin.9·······/˘
Oft with legends of angels, who watch o'er the young,12··/˘·/˘·····
Thy voice was wont to gladden;7·····/˘
Have thy lips yet no language--no wisdom thy tongue?12·····/˘·/˘··
Oh, see! the light wavers, and sinking, bath flung11····/˘·/˘··
On the wall forms that sadden.7·····/˘
Wake! awake! evil spirits perhaps may presume11·˘///˘˘/·˘/
To haunt thy holy dwelling;7···/˘/˘
Pale ghosts are, perhaps, stealing into the room--11···˘//˘····
Oh, would that the lamp were relit! with the gloom11···········
These fearful thoughts dispelling.7·/˘·˘/˘
Thou hast told us our parents lie sleeping beneath12····//˘·/˘··
The grass, in a churchyard lonely:8····/·/˘
Now, thine eyes have no motion, thy mouth has no breath,12·····/˘·····
And thy limbs are all rigid! Oh, say, Is this death,12·····/˘·····
Or thy prayer or thy slumber only?9·····/˘/˘
Sad vigil they kept by that grandmother's chair,11·/˘····/·˘·
Kind angels hovered o'er them--7·/˘/˘··
And the dead-bell was tolled in the hamlet--and there,12········/˘··
On the following eve, knelt that innocent pair,10··/˘···/˘·
With the missal-book before them.8··/˘····

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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