The Death of the Hired Man

Robert Frost (1874–1963) · 1914

iambic pentameter · unrhymed · 175 lines · from North of Boston

MARY sat musing on the lamp-flame at the tableWaiting for Warren. When she heard his step,She ran on tip-toe down the darkened passageTo meet him in the doorway with the newsAnd put him on his guard. "Silas is back."She pushed him outward with her through the doorAnd shut it after her. "Be kind," she said.She took the market things from Warren's armsAnd set them on the porch, then drew him downTo sit beside her on the wooden steps."When was I ever anything but kind to him?But I'll not have the fellow back," he said."I told him so last haying, didn't I?'If he left then,' I said, 'that ended it.'What good is he? Who else will harbour himAt his age for the little he can do?What help he is there's no depending on.Off he goes always when I need him most.'He thinks he ought to earn a little pay,Enough at least to buy tobacco with,So he won't have to beg and be beholden.''All right,' I say, 'I can't afford to payAny fixed wages, though I wish I could.''Someone else can.' 'Then someone else will have to.'I shouldn't mind his bettering himselfIf that was what it was. You can be certain,When he begins like that, there's someone at himTrying to coax him off with pocket-money,--In haying time, when any help is scarce.In winter he comes back to us. I'm done.""Sh! not so loud: he'll hear you," Mary said."I want him to: he'll have to soon or late.""He's worn out. He's asleep beside the stove.When I came up from Rowe's I found him here,Huddled against the barn-door fast asleep,A miserable sight, and frightening, too--You needn't smile--I didn't recognise him--I wasn't looking for him--and he's changed.Wait till you see.""Where did you say he'd been?""He didn't say. I dragged him to the house,And gave him tea and tried to make him smoke.I tried to make him talk about his travels.Nothing would do: he just kept nodding off.""What did he say? Did he say anything?""But little.""Anything? Mary, confessHe said he'd come to ditch the meadow for me.""Warren!""But did he? I just want to know.""Of course he did. What would you have him say?Surely you wouldn't grudge the poor old manSome humble way to save his self-respect.He added, if you really care to know,He meant to clear the upper pasture, too.That sounds like something you have heard before?Warren, I wish you could have heard the wayHe jumbled everything. I stopped to lookTwo or three times--he made me feel so queer--To see if he was talking in his sleep.He ran on Harold Wilson--you remember--The boy you had in haying four years since.He's finished school, and teaching in his college.Silas declares you'll have to get him back.He says they two will make a team for work:Between them they will lay this farm as smooth!The way he mixed that in with other things.He thinks young Wilson a likely lad, though daftOn education--you know how they foughtAll through July under the blazing sun,Silas up on the cart to build the load,Harold along beside to pitch it on.""Yes, I took care to keep well out of earshot.""Well, those days trouble Silas like a dream.You wouldn't think they would. How some things linger!Harold's young college boy's assurance piqued him.After so many years he still keeps findingGood arguments he sees he might have used.I sympathise. I know just how it feelsTo think of the right thing to say too late.Harold's associated in his mind with Latin.He asked me what I thought of Harold's sayingHe studied Latin like the violinBecause he liked it--that an argument!He said he couldn't make the boy believeHe could find water with a hazel prong--Which showed how much good school had ever done him.He wanted to go over that. But most of allHe thinks if he could have another chanceTo teach him how to build a load of hay----""I know, that's Silas' one accomplishment.He bundles every forkful in its place,And tags and numbers it for future reference,So he can find and easily dislodge itIn the unloading. Silas does that well.He takes it out in bunches like big birds' nests.You never see him standing on the hayHe's trying to lift, straining to lift himself.""He thinks if he could teach him that, he'd beSome good perhaps to someone in the world.He hates to see a boy the fool of books.Poor Silas, so concerned for other folk,And nothing to look backward to with pride,And nothing to look forward to with hope,So now and never any different."Part of a moon was falling down the west,Dragging the whole sky with it to the hills.Its light poured softly in her lap. She sawAnd spread her apron to it. She put out her handAmong the harp-like morning-glory strings,Taut with the dew from garden bed to eaves,As if she played unheard the tendernessThat wrought on him beside her in the night."Warren," she said, "he has come home to die:You needn't be afraid he'll leave you this time.""Home," he mocked gently."Yes, what else but home?It all depends on what you mean by home.Of course he's nothing to us, any moreThan was the hound that came a stranger to usOut of the woods, worn out upon the trail.""Home is the place where, when you have to go there,They have to take you in.""I should have called itSomething you somehow haven't to deserve."Warren leaned out and took a step or two,Picked up a little stick, and brought it backAnd broke it in his hand and tossed it by."Silas has better claim on us you thinkThan on his brother? Thirteen little milesAs the road winds would bring him to his door.Silas has walked that far no doubt to-day.Why didn't he go there? His brother's rich,A somebody--director in the bank.""He never told us that.""We know it though.""I think his brother ought to help, of course.I'll see to that if there is need. He ought of rightTo take him in, and might be willing to--He may be better than appearances.But have some pity on Silas. Do you thinkIf he'd had any pride in claiming kinOr anything he looked for from his brother,He'd keep so still about him all this time?""I wonder what's between them.""I can tell you.Silas is what he is--we wouldn't mind him--But just the kind that kinsfolk can't abide.He never did a thing so very bad.He don't know why he isn't quite as goodAs anyone. He won't be made ashamedTo please his brother, worthless though he is.""I can't think Si ever hurt anyone.""No, but he hurt my heart the way he layAnd rolled his old head on that sharp-edged chair-back.He wouldn't let me put him on the lounge.You must go in and see what you can do.I made the bed up for him there to-night.You'll be surprised at him--how much he's broken.His working days are done; I'm sure of it.""I'd not be in a hurry to say that.""I haven't been. Go, look, see for yourself.But, Warren, please remember how it is:He's come to help you ditch the meadow.He has a plan. You mustn't laugh at him.He may not speak of it, and then he may.I'll sit and see if that small sailing cloudWill hit or miss the moon."It hit the moon.Then there were three there, making a dim row,The moon, the little silver cloud, and she.Warren returned--too soon, it seemed to her,Slipped to her side, caught up her hand and waited."Warren," she questioned."Dead," was all he answered.

Words in this poem 17
doorway n.
The passage of a door; entrance way into a house or a room.
harbour n.
A station for rest and entertainment; a place of security and comfort; a refuge; a shelter. [OE herbor, herberwe, herberge, Icel. herbergi (cf. OHG. heriberga), orig., a shelter for soldiers; herr army + bjarga to save, help, defend; akin to AS. here ar]
ought p. p.
Was or were under obligation to pay; owed. [Orig. the preterit of the verb to owe. OE. oughte, aughte, ahte, AS. ahte. sq. root110. See Owe.]
beholden p. a.
Obliged; bound in gratitude; indebted. [Old p. p. of behold, used in the primitive sense of the simple verb hold.]
scarce a.
Not plentiful or abundant; in small quantity in proportion to the demand; not easily to be procured; rare; uncommon. [OE. scars, OF. escars, eschars, LL. scarpsus, for L. excerptus, p. p. of excerpere to pick out, and hence to contract, to shorten; ex (see Ex-) + carpere. See C]
recognise v. t.
To know again; to perceive the identity of, with a person or thing previously known; to recover or recall knowledge of. [From Recognizance; see Cognition, and cf. Reconnoiter.]
daft a.
Stupid; folish; idiotic; also, delirious; insance; as, he has gone daft. [OE. daft, deft, deft, stupid; prob. the same word as E. deft. See Deft.]
earshot n.
Reach of the ear; distance at which words may be heard.
sympathise v. t.
To experience together.
prong n.
A sharp-pointed instrument. [Cf. D. prangen to pinch, press, LG. prange a stick, or W. procio to thrust, E. prowl, pang.]
dislodge v. t.
To drive from a lodge or place of rest; to remove from a place of quiet or repose; as, shells resting in the sea at a considerate depth are not dislodged by storms. [OF. deslogier, F. déloger; pref. des- (L. dis-) + OF. logier, F. loger. See Lodge.]
folk n.
In Anglo-Saxon times, the people of a group of townships or villages; a community; a tribe. [AS. folc; akin to D. volk, OS. & OHG. folk, G. volk, Icel. f, Sw. & Dan. folk, Lith. pulkas crowd, and perh. to E. follow.]
unheard a.
Not heard; not perceived by the ear; as, words unheard by those present.
somehow adv.
In one way or another; in some way not yet known or designated; by some means; as, the thing must be done somehow; he lives somehow.
broke v. i.
To transact business for another. Brome. [See Broker, and cf. Brook.]
kinsfolk n.
Relatives; kindred; kin; persons of the same family or closely or closely related families.
anyone n.
One taken at random rather than by selection; anybody.

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

The Death of the Hired Man is in the public domain. This text is taken from North of Boston, Project Gutenberg ebook #3026; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Robert Frost, The Death of the Hired Man, in North of Boston (1914), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #3026, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/frost-north-of-boston/the-death-of-the-hired-man.html, id L04604.

Form and metre

The Death of the Hired Man is 175 lines in a single verse paragraph. It is unrhymed, as far as the pronouncing dictionary can tell. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 87%). 93% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 9.7 syllables. 27 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 24% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in iambic pentameter, other poems in blank verse.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 ----------------A---A----B---B------------------C--C----------------------------DED--E--F---F---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- table · step · passage · news · back · door · said · arms · down · steps · him · said · i · it · him · do · onA · most · pay · with · beholdenA · pay · could · to · himself · certainB · him · money · scarce · doneB · said · late · stove · here · asleep · too · him · changed · see · been · house · smoke · travels · off · anything · little · confess · me · warrenC · know · say · manC · respect · know · too · before · way · look · queer · sleep · remember · since · college · back · work · smooth · things · daft · fought · sun · load · on · earshot · dream · linger · him · finding · used · feels · late · latinD · sayingE · violinD · argument · believe · prongE · him · all · chanceF · hay · accomplishment · place · referenceF · it · well · nests · hay · himself · be · world · books · folk · pride · hope · different · west · hills · saw · hand · strings · eaves · tenderness · night · die · time · gently · home · home · more · us · trail · there · in · it · deserve · two · back · by · think · miles · door · day · rich · bank · that · though · course · right · to · appearances · think · kin · brother · time · them · you · him · abide · bad · good · ashamed · is · anyone · lay · back · lounge · do · night · broken · it · that · yourself · is · meadow · him · may · cloud · moon · moon · row · she · her · waited · questioned · answered
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
MARY sat musing on the lamp-flame at the table13/˘·/˘······/˘
Waiting for Warren. When she heard his step,10/˘·/˘·····
She ran on tip-toe down the darkened passage11·······/˘/˘
To meet him in the doorway with the news10·····/····
And put him on his guard. "Silas is back."10······/˘··
She pushed him outward with her through the door10···/˘·····
And shut it after her. "Be kind," she said.10··········
She took the market things from Warren's arms10···/˘··/˘·
And set them on the porch, then drew him down10··········
To sit beside her on the wooden steps.10··˘/···/˘·
"When was I ever anything but kind to him?11···//˘·····
But I'll not have the fellow back," he said.10·····/˘···
"I told him so last haying, didn't I?10·····/˘/˘·
'If he left then,' I said, 'that ended it.'10·······/˘·
What good is he? Who else will harbour him10·······/˘·
At his age for the little he can do?10·····/˘···
What help he is there's no depending on.10······˘/˘·
Off he goes always when I need him most.10···/······
'He thinks he ought to earn a little pay,10·······/˘·
Enough at least to buy tobacco with,10˘/····˘/··
So he won't have to beg and be beholden.'11········˘/˘
'All right,' I say, 'I can't afford to pay10······˘/··
Any fixed wages, though I wish I could.'10/˘·/˘·····
'Someone else can.' 'Then someone else will have to.'11/····/·····
I shouldn't mind his bettering himself10·/˘··/˘˘˘/
If that was what it was. You can be certain,11·········/˘
When he begins like that, there's someone at him11··˘/···/···
Trying to coax him off with pocket-money,--11/˘·····/˘/˘
In haying time, when any help is scarce.10·/˘··/˘···
In winter he comes back to us. I'm done."10·/˘·······
"Sh! not so loud: he'll hear you," Mary said.11//······/˘·
"I want him to: he'll have to soon or late."10··········
"He's worn out. He's asleep beside the stove.10····˘/˘/··
When I came up from Rowe's I found him here,10··········
Huddled against the barn-door fast asleep,10/˘······˘/
A miserable sight, and frightening, too--10·/˘˘··/˘˘·
You needn't smile--I didn't recognise him--11·/˘··/˘/˘··
I wasn't looking for him--and he's changed.10·/˘/˘·····
Wait till you see."4····
"Where did you say he'd been?"6······
"He didn't say. I dragged him to the house,10·/˘·······
And gave him tea and tried to make him smoke.10··········
I tried to make him talk about his travels.11·········/˘
Nothing would do: he just kept nodding off."10/˘·····/˘·
"What did he say? Did he say anything?"10·······/˘·
"But little."3·/˘
"Anything? Mary, confess7/˘·/˘˘/
He said he'd come to ditch the meadow for me."11·······/···
"Warren!"2
"But did he? I just want to know."8········
"Of course he did. What would you have him say?10··········
Surely you wouldn't grudge the poor old man10/˘·/˘·····
Some humble way to save his self-respect.10·/˘·····˘/
He added, if you really care to know,10·/˘··/˘···
He meant to clear the upper pasture, too.10·····/˘/˘·
That sounds like something you have heard before?10···/˘·····
Warren, I wish you could have heard the way10/˘········
He jumbled everything. I stopped to look10·/˘/˘·····
Two or three times--he made me feel so queer--10··········
To see if he was talking in his sleep.10·····/˘···
He ran on Harold Wilson--you remember--11···/˘/˘·˘/˘
The boy you had in haying four years since.10·····/˘···
He's finished school, and teaching in his college.11·/˘··/˘··/˘
Silas declares you'll have to get him back.10/˘˘/······
He says they two will make a team for work:10··········
Between them they will lay this farm as smooth!10··········
The way he mixed that in with other things.10·······/˘·
He thinks young Wilson a likely lad, though daft11···/˘·/˘···
On education--you know how they fought10··˘/˘·····
All through July under the blazing sun,10···/···/˘·
Silas up on the cart to build the load,10/˘········
Harold along beside to pitch it on."10/˘˘/˘/····
"Yes, I took care to keep well out of earshot."11·········/·
"Well, those days trouble Silas like a dream.10···/˘/˘···
You wouldn't think they would. How some things linger!11·/˘······/˘
Harold's young college boy's assurance piqued him.11/˘·/˘·˘/˘··
After so many years he still keeps finding11···/˘····/˘
Good arguments he sees he might have used.10·/˘˘······
I sympathise. I know just how it feels10·/˘·······
To think of the right thing to say too late.10··········
Harold's associated in his mind with Latin.13/˘˘/˘·˘····/˘
He asked me what I thought of Harold's saying11·······/˘/˘
He studied Latin like the violin10·/˘/˘··˘˘/
Because he liked it--that an argument!10·······/˘˘
He said he couldn't make the boy believe10···/˘···˘/
He could find water with a hazel prong--10···/˘··/˘·
Which showed how much good school had ever done him.10·······/··
He wanted to go over that. But most of all11·/˘········
He thinks if he could have another chance10······˘/˘·
To teach him how to build a load of hay----"10··········
"I know, that's Silas' one accomplishment.10···/˘·˘/˘˘
He bundles every forkful in its place,10·/˘/˘·····
And tags and numbers it for future reference,11···/˘··/˘/˘
So he can find and easily dislodge it10·····/˘˘/·
In the unloading. Silas does that well.10··˘/˘/˘···
He takes it out in bunches like big birds' nests.11·····/˘····
You never see him standing on the hay10·/˘··/˘···
He's trying to lift, straining to lift himself."11·/˘··/˘··˘/
"He thinks if he could teach him that, he'd be10··········
Some good perhaps to someone in the world.10··˘/·/····
He hates to see a boy the fool of books.10··········
Poor Silas, so concerned for other folk,10·/˘·˘/·/˘·
And nothing to look backward to with pride,10·/˘··/˘···
And nothing to look forward to with hope,10·/˘··/˘···
So now and never any different."10···/˘/˘/˘˘
Part of a moon was falling down the west,10·····/˘···
Dragging the whole sky with it to the hills.10/˘········
Its light poured softly in her lap. She saw10···/˘·····
And spread her apron to it. She put out her hand12···/˘·······
Among the harp-like morning-glory strings,10·····/˘/˘·
Taut with the dew from garden bed to eaves,10·····/˘···
As if she played unheard the tenderness10····˘/·/˘˘
That wrought on him beside her in the night.10····˘/····
"Warren," she said, "he has come home to die:10/˘········
You needn't be afraid he'll leave you this time."11·/˘·˘/·····
"Home," he mocked gently.5···/˘
"Yes, what else but home?5·····
It all depends on what you mean by home.10··˘/······
Of course he's nothing to us, any more10···/˘··/˘·
Than was the hound that came a stranger to us11·······/˘··
Out of the woods, worn out upon the trail."10··········
"Home is the place where, when you have to go there,11···········
They have to take you in."6······
"I should have called it5·····
Something you somehow haven't to deserve."10/˘·/·/˘·˘/
Warren leaned out and took a step or two,10/˘········
Picked up a little stick, and brought it back10···/˘·····
And broke it in his hand and tossed it by.10··········
"Silas has better claim on us you think10/˘·/˘·····
Than on his brother? Thirteen little miles10···/˘///˘·
As the road winds would bring him to his door.10··········
Silas has walked that far no doubt to-day.10/˘········
Why didn't he go there? His brother's rich,10·/˘····/˘·
A somebody--director in the bank."10·/˘˘˘/˘···
"He never told us that."6·/˘···
"We know it though."4····
"I think his brother ought to help, of course.10···/˘·····
I'll see to that if there is need. He ought of right12············
To take him in, and might be willing to--10·······/˘·
He may be better than appearances.10···/˘·˘/˘˘
But have some pity on Silas. Do you think11···/˘·/˘···
If he'd had any pride in claiming kin10···/˘··/˘·
Or anything he looked for from his brother,11·/˘······/˘
He'd keep so still about him all this time?"10··········
"I wonder what's between them."7·/˘····
"I can tell you.4····
Silas is what he is--we wouldn't mind him--11/˘·····/˘··
But just the kind that kinsfolk can't abide.10·····/˘·˘/
He never did a thing so very bad.10·/˘····/˘·
He don't know why he isn't quite as good10·····/˘···
As anyone. He won't be made ashamed10·/˘·····˘/
To please his brother, worthless though he is."10···/˘/˘···
"I can't think Si ever hurt anyone."10····/˘·/˘˘
"No, but he hurt my heart the way he lay10··········
And rolled his old head on that sharp-edged chair-back.11···········
He wouldn't let me put him on the lounge.10·/˘·······
You must go in and see what you can do.10··········
I made the bed up for him there to-night.10··········
You'll be surprised at him--how much he's broken.11··˘/·····/˘
His working days are done; I'm sure of it."10·/˘·······
"I'd not be in a hurry to say that."10·····/˘···
"I haven't been. Go, look, see for yourself.10·/˘·····˘/
But, Warren, please remember how it is:10·/˘·˘/˘···
He's come to help you ditch the meadow.9·······/·
He has a plan. You mustn't laugh at him.10·····/˘···
He may not speak of it, and then he may.10··········
I'll sit and see if that small sailing cloud10·······/˘·
Will hit or miss the moon."6······
It hit the moon.4····
Then there were three there, making a dim row,10·····/˘···
The moon, the little silver cloud, and she.10···/˘/˘···
Warren returned--too soon, it seemed to her,10/˘˘/······
Slipped to her side, caught up her hand and waited.11·········/˘
"Warren," she questioned.5/˘·/˘
"Dead," was all he answered.6····/˘

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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