A Servant to Servants

Robert Frost (1874–1963) · 1914

iambic pentameter · unrhymed · 177 lines · from North of Boston

I DIDN'T make you know how glad I wasTo have you come and camp here on our land.I promised myself to get down some dayAnd see the way you lived, but I don't know!With a houseful of hungry men to feedI guess you'd find.... It seems to meI can't express my feelings any moreThan I can raise my voice or want to liftMy hand (oh, I can lift it when I have to).Did ever you feel so? I hope you never.It's got so I don't even know for sureWhether I am glad, sorry, or anything.There's nothing but a voice-like left insideThat seems to tell me how I ought to feel,And would feel if I wasn't all gone wrong.You take the lake. I look and look at it.I see it's a fair, pretty sheet of water.I stand and make myself repeat out loudThe advantages it has, so long and narrow,Like a deep piece of some old running riverCut short off at both ends. It lies five milesStraight away through the mountain notchFrom the sink window where I wash the plates,And all our storms come up toward the house,Drawing the slow waves whiter and whiter and whiter.It took my mind off doughnuts and soda biscuitTo step outdoors and take the water dazzleA sunny morning, or take the rising windAbout my face and body and through my wrapper,When a storm threatened from the Dragon's Den,And a cold chill shivered across the lake.I see it's a fair, pretty sheet of water,Our Willoughby! How did you hear of it?I expect, though, everyone's heard of it.In a book about ferns? Listen to that!You let things more like feathers regulateYour going and coming. And you like it here?I can see how you might. But I don't know!It would be different if more people came,For then there would be business. As it is,The cottages Len built, sometimes we rent them,Sometimes we don't. We've a good piece of shoreThat ought to be worth something, and may yet.But I don't count on it as much as Len.He looks on the bright side of everything,Including me. He thinks I'll be all rightWith doctoring. But it's not medicine--Lowe is the only doctor's dared to say so--It's rest I want--there, I have said it out--From cooking meals for hungry hired menAnd washing dishes after them--from doingThings over and over that just won't stay done.By good rights I ought not to have so muchPut on me, but there seems no other way.Len says one steady pull more ought to do it.He says the best way out is always through.And I agree to that, or in so farAs that I can see no way out but through--Leastways for me--and then they'll be convinced.It's not that Len don't want the best for me.It was his plan our moving over inBeside the lake from where that day I showed youWe used to live--ten miles from anywhere.We didn't change without some sacrifice,But Len went at it to make up the loss.His work's a man's, of course, from sun to sun,But he works when he works as hard as I do--Though there's small profit in comparisons.(Women and men will make them all the same.)But work ain't all. Len undertakes too much.He's into everything in town. This yearIt's highways, and he's got too many menAround him to look after that make waste.They take advantage of him shamefully,And proud, too, of themselves for doing so.We have four here to board, great good-for-nothings,Sprawling about the kitchen with their talkWhile I fry their bacon. Much they care!No more put out in what they do or sayThan if I wasn't in the room at all.Coming and going all the time, they are:I don't learn what their names are, let aloneTheir characters, or whether they are safeTo have inside the house with doors unlocked.I'm not afraid of them, though, if they're notAfraid of me. There's two can play at that.I have my fancies: it runs in the family.My father's brother wasn't right. They kept himLocked up for years back there at the old farm.I've been away once--yes, I've been away.The State Asylum. I was prejudiced;I wouldn't have sent anyone of mine there;You know the old idea--the only asylumWas the poorhouse, and those who could afford,Rather than send their folks to such a place,Kept them at home; and it does seem more human.But it's not so: the place is the asylum.There they have every means proper to do with,And you aren't darkening other people's lives--Worse than no good to them, and they no goodTo you in your condition; you can't knowAffection or the want of it in that state.I've heard too much of the old-fashioned way.My father's brother, he went mad quite young.Some thought he had been bitten by a dog,Because his violence took on the formOf carrying his pillow in his teeth;But it's more likely he was crossed in love,Or so the story goes. It was some girl.Anyway all he talked about was love.They soon saw he would do someone a mischiefIf he wa'n't kept strict watch of, and it endedIn father's building him a sort of cage,Or room within a room, of hickory poles,Like stanchions in the barn, from floor to ceiling,--A narrow passage all the way around.Anything they put in for furnitureHe'd tear to pieces, even a bed to lie on.So they made the place comfortable with straw,Like a beast's stall, to ease their consciences.Of course they had to feed him without dishes.They tried to keep him clothed, but he paradedWith his clothes on his arm--all of his clothes.Cruel--it sounds. I 'spose they did the bestThey knew. And just when he was at the height,Father and mother married, and mother came,A bride, to help take care of such a creature,And accommodate her young life to his.That was what marrying father meant to her.She had to lie and hear love things made dreadfulBy his shouts in the night. He'd shout and shoutUntil the strength was shouted out of him,And his voice died down slowly from exhaustion.He'd pull his bars apart like bow and bow-string,And let them go and make them twang untilHis hands had worn them smooth as any ox-bow.And then he'd crow as if he thought that child's play--The only fun he had. I've heard them say, though,They found a way to put a stop to it.He was before my time--I never saw him;But the pen stayed exactly as it wasThere in the upper chamber in the ell,A sort of catch-all full of attic clutter.I often think of the smooth hickory bars.It got so I would say--you know, half fooling--"It's time I took my turn upstairs in jail"--Just as you will till it becomes a habit.No wonder I was glad to get away.Mind you, I waited till Len said the word.I didn't want the blame if things went wrong.I was glad though, no end, when we moved out,And I looked to be happy, and I was,As I said, for a while--but I don't know!Somehow the change wore out like a prescription.And there's more to it than just window-viewsAnd living by a lake. I'm past such help--Unless Len took the notion, which he won't,And I won't ask him--it's not sure enough.I 'spose I've got to go the road I'm going:Other folks have to, and why shouldn't I?I almost think if I could do like you,Drop everything and live out on the ground--But it might be, come night, I shouldn't like it,Or a long rain. I should soon get enough,And be glad of a good roof overhead.I've lain awake thinking of you, I'll warrant,More than you have yourself, some of these nights.The wonder was the tents weren't snatched awayFrom over you as you lay in your beds.I haven't courage for a risk like that.Bless you, of course, you're keeping me from work,But the thing of it is, I need to be kept.There's work enough to do--there's always that;But behind's behind. The worst that you can doIs set me back a little more behind.I sha'n't catch up in this world, anyway.I'd rather you'd not go unless you must.

Words in this poem 17
ought p. p.
Was or were under obligation to pay; owed. [Orig. the preterit of the verb to owe. OE. oughte, aughte, ahte, AS. ahte. sq. root110. See Owe.]
outdoors adv.
Abread; out of the house; out of doors.
dazzle v. t.
To overpower with light; to confuse the sight of by brilliance of light. [Freq. of daze.]
sunny a.
Of or pertaining to the sun; proceeding from, or resembling the sun; hence, shining; bright; brilliant; radiant.
expect v. t.
To wait for; to await. [L. expectatum, to look out for, await, expect; ex + out spectare to look at. See Spectacle.]
leastways adv.
At least; at all events. At leastways, or At leastwise, at least. Fuller.
went n.
Course; way; path; journey; direction.
asylum n.
A sanctuary or place of refuge and protection, where criminals and debtors found shelter, and from which they could not be forcibly taken without sacrilege.
anyone n.
One taken at random rather than by selection; anybody.
poorhouse n.
A dwelling for a number of paupers maintained at public expense; an almshouse; a workhouse.
folks n.
In Anglo-Saxon times, the people of a group of townships or villages; a community; a tribe. [AS. folc; akin to D. volk, OS. & OHG. folk, G. volk, Icel. f, Sw. & Dan. folk, Lith. pulkas crowd, and perh. to E. follow.]
anyway adv.
Anywise; at all. Tennyson. Southey.
dreadful a.
Full of dread or terror; fearful.
stayed a.
Staid; fixed; settled; sober; -- now written staid. See Staid.
clutter v. t.
To clot or coagulate, as blood. Holland. [From Clod, n.]
upstairs adv.
Up the stairs; in or toward an upper story.
somehow adv.
In one way or another; in some way not yet known or designated; by some means; as, the thing must be done somehow; he lives somehow.

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

A Servant to Servants is in the public domain. This text is taken from North of Boston, Project Gutenberg ebook #3026; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Robert Frost, A Servant to Servants, in North of Boston (1914), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #3026, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/frost-north-of-boston/a-servant-to-servants.html, id L04610.

Form and metre

A Servant to Servants is 177 lines in a single verse paragraph. It is unrhymed, as far as the pronouncing dictionary can tell. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 82%). 93% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 10.3 syllables. 34 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 27% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in iambic pentameter, other poems in blank verse.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 -------------------------------------------A--A--A-------B---B------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C---C-------------------------- was · land · day · know · feed · me · more · lift · to · never · sure · anything · inside · feel · wrong · it · water · loud · narrow · river · miles · notch · plates · house · whiter · biscuit · dazzle · wind · wrapper · den · lake · water · it · it · that · regulate · here · know · came · is · them · shore · yet · lenA · everything · right · medicineA · so · out · menA · doing · done · much · way · it · through · far · throughB · convinced · me · in · youB · anywhere · sacrifice · loss · sun · do · comparisons · same · much · year · men · waste · shamefully · so · nothings · talk · care · say · all · are · alone · safe · unlocked · not · that · family · him · farm · away · prejudiced · there · asylum · afford · place · human · asylum · with · lives · good · know · state · way · young · dog · form · teeth · love · girl · love · mischief · ended · cage · poles · ceiling · around · furniture · on · straw · consciences · dishes · paraded · clothes · best · height · came · creature · his · her · dreadful · shout · him · exhaustion · string · until · bow · play · though · it · him · was · ell · clutter · bars · fooling · jail · habitC · away · word · wrong · outC · was · know · prescription · views · help · won't · enough · going · i · you · ground · it · enough · overhead · warrant · nights · away · beds · that · work · kept · that · do · behind · anyway · must
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
I DIDN'T make you know how glad I was10·/˘·······
To have you come and camp here on our land.10········/·
I promised myself to get down some day10·/˘·/·····
And see the way you lived, but I don't know!10··········
With a houseful of hungry men to feed10··/˘·/˘···
I guess you'd find.... It seems to me8········
I can't express my feelings any more10··˘/·/˘/˘·
Than I can raise my voice or want to lift10··········
My hand (oh, I can lift it when I have to).11···········
Did ever you feel so? I hope you never.11·/˘······/˘
It's got so I don't even know for sure10·····/˘···
Whether I am glad, sorry, or anything.11·····/˘·/˘·
There's nothing but a voice-like left inside10·/˘·····˘/
That seems to tell me how I ought to feel,10··········
And would feel if I wasn't all gone wrong.10·····/˘···
You take the lake. I look and look at it.10··········
I see it's a fair, pretty sheet of water.11·····/˘··/˘
I stand and make myself repeat out loud10·····/˘/··
The advantages it has, so long and narrow,11·˘/˘·····/˘
Like a deep piece of some old running river11·······/˘/˘
Cut short off at both ends. It lies five miles10··········
Straight away through the mountain notch8·˘/··/˘·
From the sink window where I wash the plates,10···/˘·····
And all our storms come up toward the house,10··/·······
Drawing the slow waves whiter and whiter and whiter.11/˘···/·/·/˘
It took my mind off doughnuts and soda biscuit12·····/··/˘/˘
To step outdoors and take the water dazzle11··//···/˘/˘
A sunny morning, or take the rising wind11·/˘/˘···/˘·
About my face and body and through my wrapper,12·····/˘···/˘
When a storm threatened from the Dragon's Den,10···/˘··/˘·
And a cold chill shivered across the lake.10····/˘˘/··
I see it's a fair, pretty sheet of water,11·····/˘··/˘
Our Willoughby! How did you hear of it?10//˘˘······
I expect, though, everyone's heard of it.10·˘/·/˘····
In a book about ferns? Listen to that!10······/˘··
You let things more like feathers regulate10·····/˘/˘·
Your going and coming. And you like it here?10·/·/˘·····
I can see how you might. But I don't know!10··········
It would be different if more people came,10···/˘··/˘·
For then there would be business. As it is,10·····/˘···
The cottages Len built, sometimes we rent them,10·/˘··/····
Sometimes we don't. We've a good piece of shore10˘/········
That ought to be worth something, and may yet.10·····/˘···
But I don't count on it as much as Len.10··········
He looks on the bright side of everything,10·······/˘·
Including me. He thinks I'll be all right10˘/˘·······
With doctoring. But it's not medicine--10·/˘˘···/˘˘
Lowe is the only doctor's dared to say so--11···/˘/˘····
It's rest I want--there, I have said it out--10··········
From cooking meals for hungry hired men10·/˘··/˘/˘·
And washing dishes after them--from doing11·/˘/˘····/˘
Things over and over that just won't stay done.10··········
By good rights I ought not to have so much10··········
Put on me, but there seems no other way.10·······/˘·
Len says one steady pull more ought to do it.11···/˘······
He says the best way out is always through.10·······/··
And I agree to that, or in so far10··˘/······
As that I can see no way out but through--10··········
Leastways for me--and then they'll be convinced.10········˘/
It's not that Len don't want the best for me.10··········
It was his plan our moving over in10····//˘···
Beside the lake from where that day I showed you11˘/·········
We used to live--ten miles from anywhere.10·······/˘·
We didn't change without some sacrifice,10·/˘····/˘·
But Len went at it to make up the loss.10··········
His work's a man's, of course, from sun to sun,10··········
But he works when he works as hard as I do--11···········
Though there's small profit in comparisons.10···/˘·˘/˘˘
(Women and men will make them all the same.)10/˘········
But work ain't all. Len undertakes too much.10·····/˘···
He's into everything in town. This year10···/˘·····
It's highways, and he's got too many men10·/·····/˘·
Around him to look after that make waste.10··········
They take advantage of him shamefully,11··˘/˘······
And proud, too, of themselves for doing so.10····˘/·/˘·
We have four here to board, great good-for-nothings,11·········/˘
Sprawling about the kitchen with their talk10/˘···/˘···
While I fry their bacon. Much they care!9····/˘···
No more put out in what they do or say10··········
Than if I wasn't in the room at all.10···/˘·····
Coming and going all the time, they are:10/˘·/˘·····
I don't learn what their names are, let alone10········˘/
Their characters, or whether they are safe10·/˘˘······
To have inside the house with doors unlocked.10··˘/····˘/
I'm not afraid of them, though, if they're not10··˘/······
Afraid of me. There's two can play at that.10˘/········
I have my fancies: it runs in the family.11···/˘····/˘
My father's brother wasn't right. They kept him11·/˘/˘/˘····
Locked up for years back there at the old farm.10··········
I've been away once--yes, I've been away.10··˘/····˘/
The State Asylum. I was prejudiced;10··˘/˘··/˘˘
I wouldn't have sent anyone of mine there;11·/˘··/˘····
You know the old idea--the only asylum12····˘/·/˘˘/˘
Was the poorhouse, and those who could afford,10··/·····˘/
Rather than send their folks to such a place,10/˘········
Kept them at home; and it does seem more human.11·········/˘
But it's not so: the place is the asylum.11········˘/˘
There they have every means proper to do with,11···/˘·/˘···
And you aren't darkening other people's lives--11··/˘/˘/˘/˘·
Worse than no good to them, and they no good10··········
To you in your condition; you can't know10····˘/˘···
Affection or the want of it in that state.11˘/˘········
I've heard too much of the old-fashioned way.10·······/˘·
My father's brother, he went mad quite young.10·/˘/˘·····
Some thought he had been bitten by a dog,10·····/˘···
Because his violence took on the form10···/˘˘····
Of carrying his pillow in his teeth;10·/˘˘·/˘···
But it's more likely he was crossed in love,10···/˘·····
Or so the story goes. It was some girl.10···/˘·····
Anyway all he talked about was love.10/˘········
They soon saw he would do someone a mischief11······/··/˘
If he wa'n't kept strict watch of, and it ended11·········/˘
In father's building him a sort of cage,10·/˘/˘·····
Or room within a room, of hickory poles,10·······/˘·
Like stanchions in the barn, from floor to ceiling,--11·········/˘
A narrow passage all the way around.10·/˘/˘·····
Anything they put in for furniture10/˘·····/˘˘
He'd tear to pieces, even a bed to lie on.11···/˘/·····
So they made the place comfortable with straw,10·····/˘˘··
Like a beast's stall, to ease their consciences.10·······/˘˘
Of course they had to feed him without dishes.11·········/˘
They tried to keep him clothed, but he paraded11········˘/˘
With his clothes on his arm--all of his clothes.10··········
Cruel--it sounds. I 'spose they did the best10/˘········
They knew. And just when he was at the height,10··········
Father and mother married, and mother came,11/˘·/˘/˘·/˘·
A bride, to help take care of such a creature,11·········/˘
And accommodate her young life to his.10·˘/˘······
That was what marrying father meant to her.10···/˘/˘···
She had to lie and hear love things made dreadful11·········/˘
By his shouts in the night. He'd shout and shout10··········
Until the strength was shouted out of him,10·····/˘···
And his voice died down slowly from exhaustion.11·····/˘·˘/˘
He'd pull his bars apart like bow and bow-string,11····˘/·····
And let them go and make them twang until10··········
His hands had worn them smooth as any ox-bow.11·······/˘··
And then he'd crow as if he thought that child's play--11···········
The only fun he had. I've heard them say, though,11·/˘········
They found a way to put a stop to it.10··········
He was before my time--I never saw him;10·······/··
But the pen stayed exactly as it was10····˘/˘···
There in the upper chamber in the ell,10···/˘/˘···
A sort of catch-all full of attic clutter.11·······/˘/˘
I often think of the smooth hickory bars.10·/˘····/˘·
It got so I would say--you know, half fooling--11·········/˘
"It's time I took my turn upstairs in jail"--10······˘/··
Just as you will till it becomes a habit.11······˘/·/˘
No wonder I was glad to get away.10·/˘·····˘/
Mind you, I waited till Len said the word.10···/˘·····
I didn't want the blame if things went wrong.10·/˘·······
I was glad though, no end, when we moved out,10··········
And I looked to be happy, and I was,10·····/˘···
As I said, for a while--but I don't know!10··········
Somehow the change wore out like a prescription.11/·······˘/˘
And there's more to it than just window-views10·······/˘·
And living by a lake. I'm past such help--10·/˘·······
Unless Len took the notion, which he won't,10·····/˘···
And I won't ask him--it's not sure enough.10········˘/
I 'spose I've got to go the road I'm going:11·········/˘
Other folks have to, and why shouldn't I?10/˘·····/˘·
I almost think if I could do like you,10·/········
Drop everything and live out on the ground--10·/˘·······
But it might be, come night, I shouldn't like it,11·······/˘··
Or a long rain. I should soon get enough,10········˘/
And be glad of a good roof overhead.10·······/˘/
I've lain awake thinking of you, I'll warrant,11··˘//˘···/˘
More than you have yourself, some of these nights.10····˘/····
The wonder was the tents weren't snatched away11·/˘···/˘·˘/
From over you as you lay in your beds.10··········
I haven't courage for a risk like that.10·/˘/˘·····
Bless you, of course, you're keeping me from work,10·····/˘···
But the thing of it is, I need to be kept.11···········
There's work enough to do--there's always that;10··˘/···/··
But behind's behind. The worst that you can do11·˘/········
Is set me back a little more behind.10·····/˘···
I sha'n't catch up in this world, anyway.10·······/˘·
I'd rather you'd not go unless you must.10·/˘·······

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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