Birches

Robert Frost (1874–1963) · 1916

iambic pentameter · unrhymed · 60 lines · from Mountain Interval

When I see birches bend to left and rightAcross the lines of straighter darker trees,I like to think some boy's been swinging them.But swinging doesn't bend them down to stay.Ice-storms do that. Often you must have seen themLoaded with ice a sunny winter morningAfter a rain. They click upon themselvesAs the breeze rises, and turn many-coloredAs the stir cracks and crazes their enamel.Soon the sun's warmth makes them shed crystal shellsShattering and avalanching on the snow-crust--Such heaps of broken glass to sweep awayYou'd think the inner dome of heaven had fallen.They are dragged to the withered bracken by the load,And they seem not to break; though once they are bowedSo low for long, they never right themselves:You may see their trunks arching in the woodsYears afterwards, trailing their leaves on the groundLike girls on hands and knees that throw their hairBefore them over their heads to dry in the sun.But I was going to say when Truth broke inWith all her matter-of-fact about the ice-storm(Now am I free to be poetical?)I should prefer to have some boy bend themAs he went out and in to fetch the cows--Some boy too far from town to learn baseball,Whose only play was what he found himself,Summer or winter, and could play alone.One by one he subdued his father's treesBy riding them down over and over againUntil he took the stiffness out of them,And not one but hung limp, not one was leftFor him to conquer. He learned all there wasTo learn about not launching out too soonAnd so not carrying the tree awayClear to the ground. He always kept his poiseTo the top branches, climbing carefullyWith the same pains you use to fill a cupUp to the brim, and even above the brim.Then he flung outward, feet first, with a swish,Kicking his way down through the air to the ground.So was I once myself a swinger of birches.And so I dream of going back to be.It's when I'm weary of considerations,And life is too much like a pathless woodWhere your face burns and tickles with the cobwebsBroken across it, and one eye is weepingFrom a twig's having lashed across it open.I'd like to get away from earth awhileAnd then come back to it and begin over.May no fate willfully misunderstand meAnd half grant what I wish and snatch me awayNot to return. Earth's the right place for love:I don't know where it's likely to go better.I'd like to go by climbing a birch tree,And climb black branches up a snow-white trunkToward heaven, till the tree could bear no more,But dipped its top and set me down again.That would be good both going and coming back.One could do worse than be a swinger of birches.

Words in this poem

sunny a.
Of or pertaining to the sun; proceeding from, or resembling the sun; hence, shining; bright; brilliant; radiant.
bracken n.
A brake or fern. [OE. braken, AS. bracce. See 2d Brake, n.]
broke v. i.
To transact business for another. Brome. [See Broker, and cf. Brook.]
went n.
Course; way; path; journey; direction.
swish v. t.
To flourish, so as to make the sound swish. Coleridge. [From the sound. Cf. Swash.]
swinger n.
One who swings or whirls.
pathless a.
Having no beaten path or way; untrodden; impenetrable; as, pathless woods.
awhile adv.
For a while; for some time; for a short time. [Adj. a + while time, interval.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Birches is in the public domain. This text is taken from Mountain Interval, Project Gutenberg ebook #29345; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Robert Frost, Birches, in Mountain Interval (1916), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #29345, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/frost-mountain-interval/birches.html, id L02648.

Form and metre

Birches is 60 lines in a single verse paragraph. It is unrhymed, as far as the pronouncing dictionary can tell. The metre is iambic pentameter, as Wikipedia: Birches (poem) has it. 94% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 10.4 syllables. 11 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 50% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in iambic pentameter, other poems in blank verse.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 -------------------AA-----------------------------B---B----- right · trees · them · stay · them · morning · themselves · colored · enamel · shells · crust · away · fallen · load · bowed · themselves · woods · ground · hair · sunA · inA · storm · poetical · them · cows · baseball · himself · alone · trees · again · them · left · was · soon · away · poise · carefully · cup · brim · swish · ground · birches · be · considerations · wood · cobwebs · weeping · open · awhile · over · meB · away · love · better · treeB · trunk · more · again · back · birches
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
When I see birches bend to left and right10···/˘·····
Across the lines of straighter darker trees,10˘/···/˘/˘·
I like to think some boy's been swinging them.10·······/˘·
But swinging doesn't bend them down to stay.10·/˘/˘·····
Ice-storms do that. Often you must have seen them11····/˘·····
Loaded with ice a sunny winter morning11/˘···/˘/˘/˘
After a rain. They click upon themselves10········˘/
As the breeze rises, and turn many-colored11···/˘··/˘/˘
As the stir cracks and crazes their enamel.11·····/˘·˘/˘
Soon the sun's warmth makes them shed crystal shells10·······/˘·
Shattering and avalanching on the snow-crust--11/˘·/˘·˘····
Such heaps of broken glass to sweep away10···/˘···˘/
You'd think the inner dome of heaven had fallen.11···/˘··/·/˘
They are dragged to the withered bracken by the load,12·····/˘/˘···
And they seem not to break; though once they are bowed11···········
So low for long, they never right themselves:10·····/˘·˘/
You may see their trunks arching in the woods10·····/˘···
Years afterwards, trailing their leaves on the ground10·/˘/˘·····
Like girls on hands and knees that throw their hair10··········
Before them over their heads to dry in the sun.11···········
But I was going to say when Truth broke in10···/······
With all her matter-of-fact about the ice-storm12···/˘·······
(Now am I free to be poetical?)9·········
I should prefer to have some boy bend them10··˘/······
As he went out and in to fetch the cows--10··········
Some boy too far from town to learn baseball,10········//
Whose only play was what he found himself,10·/˘·····˘/
Summer or winter, and could play alone.10/˘·/˘···˘/
One by one he subdued his father's trees10····˘/·/˘·
By riding them down over and over again10·/˘·····˘/
Until he took the stiffness out of them,10·····/˘···
And not one but hung limp, not one was left10··········
For him to conquer. He learned all there was10···/˘·····
To learn about not launching out too soon10·····/˘···
And so not carrying the tree away10···/˘˘··˘/
Clear to the ground. He always kept his poise10·····/····
To the top branches, climbing carefully10···/˘/˘/˘˘
With the same pains you use to fill a cup10··········
Up to the brim, and even above the brim.10·····/····
Then he flung outward, feet first, with a swish,10···/˘·····
Kicking his way down through the air to the ground.11/˘·········
So was I once myself a swinger of birches.12·····/·/˘·/˘
And so I dream of going back to be.10·····/˘···
It's when I'm weary of considerations,11···/˘·˘·˘/˘
And life is too much like a pathless wood10·······/˘·
Where your face burns and tickles with the cobwebs11·····/˘··/·
Broken across it, and one eye is weeping11/˘˘/·····/˘
From a twig's having lashed across it open.11···/˘·˘/·/˘
I'd like to get away from earth awhile10····˘/··˘/
And then come back to it and begin over.10·······˘/·
May no fate willfully misunderstand me10···/˘·˘˘/·
And half grant what I wish and snatch me away11·········˘/
Not to return. Earth's the right place for love:10··˘/······
I don't know where it's likely to go better.11·····/˘··/˘
I'd like to go by climbing a birch tree,10·····/˘···
And climb black branches up a snow-white trunk10···/˘·····
Toward heaven, till the tree could bear no more,10··/·······
But dipped its top and set me down again.10········˘/
That would be good both going and coming back.10·····/·/˘·
One could do worse than be a swinger of birches.12·······/˘·/˘

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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