How Suhráb fought with Gurdáfríd

Ferdowsi (940–1025), translated by Arthur George Warner and Edmond Warner · 1906

iambic pentameter · 125 lines · from Rustam and Sohrab (from the Shahnama)

When she whose sire was Gazhdaham had heard:—"The chief is worsted!" she was grieved, exclaimedIn her distress, and heaved a deep cold sigh.A woman like some valiant cavalierWas she and ever famous in the fight.Her name was Gurdáfríd, and none as yetHad seen her match. Hajír's discomfitureSo shamed her that her tulip-cheeks becameLike red chrysanthemums. Time pressed, she armed,Concealed her tresses underneath her mail,Secured her Rúman casque upon her head,And came down, like a lion, from the holdWith girded waist upon a wind-foot steed.She sped like dust and cried in thunder-tones:—"What are these troops and who commandeth them?What lusty Crocodile is there among youTo match himself with me in single combat?"

None volunteered until Suhráb beheld her.He bit his lips and laughed. "Again," said he,"An onager hath come within the toilsOf him that hath both strength and scimitar."

He armed like wind, put on a helm of Chín,And rushed out to encounter Gurdáfríd,Who when she saw him strung her bow up, drew it,And broadened out her breast. No bird had foundA passage through her shafts; she showered themUpon Suhráb and wheeled to left and right.He saw and was abashed, waxed wroth and charged,His shield above his head. Thus pressed she hungHer bow upon her arm and, while her steedPranced to the clouds, couched at Suhráb her lance,And plied her reins with fury. He too shookHis reins and urged his charger on like lightning,Fierce as a leopard, at his doughty foe.He thrust a deadly dart with all his strength,Struck Gurdáfríd upon the belt and rentHer coat of mail, but even as she reeledShe drew her sword and clave the dart asunder,Regained her seat and sent the dust-clouds flying;But liking not such fighting turned and fled.He urged his dragon-steed, and he too madeIn wrath day dark with dust. He pressed upon herWith loud cries, jostled her, and snatched her helm.Her hair escaped, her face shone like the sun.He said: "It is a girl! Her head of hairIs worthy of a crown. If such a girl,"He said amazed, "come from the Íránian hostUpon the field, good sooth their cavaliersWill send dust cloudward on the day of battle!"

He loosed his coiled up lasso from the strapsAnd caught her round the waist, then said to her:—"Why seekest thou the fray, O moon-faced maid?No onager like thee hath ever comeWithin my toils. Thou wilt not 'scape my clutch,So struggle not."

She saw no other course,So showed her face and said: "O warrior,Midst warriors a lion! two hosts watchOur prowess with the mace and scimitar,And now that I have shown my face and hairThe troops will say: 'He sent the dust-clouds flyingAnd all to fight a girl!' 'Twill be disgraceTo persevere in such a fight as this.Chiefs should be wise, so let us keep it darkAnd save thee from reproach on mine account.Our troops and stronghold are at thy command,There is no need to fight, the castle, treasure,And castellan are thine when thou shalt please."

She showed her face, her smiles displayed the pearlsWithin her jujube-lips, a garden sheIn Paradise; no villager e'er setSo tall a cypress. She had eyes like deer's,With arching eyebrows, and thou wouldst have said:—"She bloometh ever."

"Keep thy word," said he,"For thou hast seen me on the day of battle.Trust not yon castle-wall, it is not higherThan heaven, and my mace will bring it down,While no foe's lance will ever reach my neck."

She turned and rode with him toward the hold,And Gazhdaham himself came to the gate.They opened it and Gurdáfríd came inBoth bruised and bound. They shut it and lamentedFor her and for Hajír. Then GazhdahamApproached with chiefs and troops, and said to her:—"Brave-hearted lion-smiter! we were troubledOn thine account. Thy fighting and addressHave not disgraced us, and no foe hath harmedThy life, thank God!"

Then laughing much she wentUpon the ramparts to observe the foe,Beheld Suhráb still mounted, and exclaimed:—"O warrior of Túrán! why take such pains?Be off with you and give up battlefields."

Suhráb replied: "O fair of face! I swearBy crown and throne and sun and moon to razeThese ramparts to the ground and capture thee,Thou minx! Thou wilt repent thy foolish wordsWhen thou art writhing in thy helplessness.Where is thy promise?"

But she laughed and mocked him:—"The Turkmans win no helpmates from Írán,And thou hast failed with me, but never mind!Thou art no Turkman who art so commendedAmong the great, and with such strength and limbsArt peerless midst the paladins! However,When news shall reach the Sháh: 'A chief is leadingAn army from Túrán, he will march forthWith Rustam whom ye cannot stand against,And all thy host will perish. What mishapWill then descend upon thy head I know not,But woe is me that such a neck and shoulderShould disappear within the maw of pards!So do not trust too much those arms of thineOr else the stupid ox will graze beside thee.'Twere best to issue orders for retreat."

Suhráb, who thought the hold his own, was shamed.He gave to pillage all the land and cropsAround the walls, then for a moment washedThe evil hand, and said: "Our time for actionIs not to-day; our hands are stayed from fight.At daybreak we will raise dust from these wallsAnd carry war's alarms inside the place."

With that he turned about his charger's reinAnd took the way to his own camp again.

Words in this poem 30
sire n.
A lord, master, or other person in authority. See Sir. [F. sire, originally, an older person. See Sir.]
valiant a.
Vigorous in body; strong; powerful; as, a valiant fencer. [OE. valiant, F. vaillant, OF. vaillant, valant, originally p. pr. of OF. & F. valoir to be worth, L. valere to be strong. See Wield, and cf. Avail, Convalesce, ]
cavalier n.
A military man serving on horseback; a knight. [F. cavalier, It. cavaliere, LL. caballarius, fr. L. caballus. See Cavalcade, and cf. Cavallier, Caballine.]
discomfiture n.
The act of discomfiting, or the state of being discomfited; rout; overthrow; defeat; frustration; confusion and dejection. [OF. desconfiture, F. déconfiture. See Discomfort, v. t., and cf. Comfiture.]
casque n.
A piece of defensive or ornamental armor (with or without a vizor) for the head and neck; a helmet. [F. casque, fr. Sp. casco See Cask.]
steed n.
A horse, especially a spirited horse for state of war; -- used chiefly in poetry or stately prose. [OE. stede, AS. steda a stud-horse, war horse, fr. stod a stud of breeding steeds; akin to G. stute a mare, Icel. stedda, sto, a stud. *163. See Stud of horses.]
onager n.
A military engine acting like a sling, which threw stones from a bag or wooden bucket, and was operated by machinery. Fairholt.
scimitar n.
A saber with a much curved blade having the edge on the convex side, -- in use among Mohammedans, esp., the Arabs and persians. [F. cimeterre, cf. It. scimitarra, Sp. cimitarra; fr. Biscayan cimetarry with a sharp edge; or corrupted from Per. shimshir.]
rushed a.
Abounding or covered with rushes.
wroth a.
Full of wrath; angry; incensed; much exasperated; wrathful. [OE. wroth, wrap, AS. wraedh wroth, crooked, bad; akin to wriedhan to writhe, and to OS. wreedhangry, D. wreed cruel, OHG. reid twisted, Icel. reiedhr angry, Dan]
shook v. t.
To pack, as staves, in a shook.
charger n.
One who, or that which charges.
doughty a.
Able; strong; valiant; redoubtable; as, a doughty hero.
sooth a.
True; faithful; trustworthy. [OE. soth, AS. s, for san; akin to OS. s, OHG. sand, Icel. sannr, Sw. sann, Dan. sand, Skr. sat, sant, real, genuine, present, being; properly p. pr. from a root]
prowess n.
Distinguished bravery; valor; especially, military bravery and skill; gallantry; intrepidity; fearlessness. Chaucer. Sir P. Sidney. [OF. proece, proesce, F. prouesse. See Prow, a.]
castellan n.
A goveror or warden of a castle. [OF. castelain, F. châtelain, L. castellanus pertaining to a castle, an occupant of a caste, LL., a governor of a castle, fr. L. catellum castle, citadel, dim. o]
shalt
2d per. sing. of Shall.
villager n.
An inhabitant of a village.
hast
, 2d pers. sing. pres. of. Fave, contr. of havest.
rode n.
Redness; complexion. [See Rud.]
lamented a.
Mourned for; bewailed.
thank n.
A expression of gratitude; an acknowledgment expressive of a sense of favor or kindness received; obligation, claim, or desert, or gratitude; -- now generally used in the plural. [AS. Þanc, Þonc, thanks, favor, thought; akin to OS. thank favor, pleasure, thanks, D. & G. dank thanks, Icel. Þ\'94kk, Dan. tak, Sw. tack, Goth. Þagks thanks; -]
went n.
Course; way; path; journey; direction.
raze n.
A Shakespearean word (used once) supposed to mean the same as race, a root. [See Rack.]
minx n.
The mink; -- called also minx otter. [See Mink.]
repent a.
Prostrate and rooting; -- said of stems. Gray. [L. repens, -entis, creeping, p. pr. of repere to creep.]
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
mishap v. i.
To happen unluckily; -- used impersonally.
stayed a.
Staid; fixed; settled; sober; -- now written staid. See Staid.
daybreak n.
The time of the first appearance of light in the morning.

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

How Suhráb fought with Gurdáfríd is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Shahnama of Firdausi, done into English by Arthur George Warner and Edmond Warner, vol. II (Trübner’s Oriental Series), London, 1906; Part III, Suhráb (sections 1 to 25), Internet Archive, the Arthur George Warner and Edmond Warner translation; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Ferdowsi, How Suhráb fought with Gurdáfríd, in Rustam and Sohrab (from the Shahnama) (1906), text of Internet Archive, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/ferdowsi-rustam-and-sohrab/9.html, id L29107.

Form and metre

How Suhráb fought with Gurdáfríd is 125 lines in 13 stanzas. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 90%).

See other poems in iambic pentameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 3 -------A---A------------B-BB — · gurdáfríd · it · found · them · right · charged · hungA · steed · lance · shook · lightningA · foe · strength · rent · reeled · asunder · flying · fled · made · her · helm · sun · hair · girlB · host · cavaliersB · battleB
  2. 13 AA reinA · againA
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
When she whose sire was Gazhdaham had heard:—10···/······
"The chief is worsted!" she was grieved, exclaimed10···/˘···˘/
In her distress, and heaved a deep cold sigh.10··˘/······
A woman like some valiant cavalier10·/˘··/˘·˘/
Was she and ever famous in the fight.10···/˘/˘···
Her name was Gurdáfríd, and none as yet10··········
Had seen her match. Hajír's discomfiture10······˘/˘˘
So shamed her that her tulip-cheeks became10·····/˘·˘/
Like red chrysanthemums. Time pressed, she armed,10··˘/˘˘····
Concealed her tresses underneath her mail,10˘/·/˘·˘/··
Secured her Rúman casque upon her head,10˘/········
And came down, like a lion, from the hold10·····/˘···
With girded waist upon a wind-foot steed.10·/˘·······
She sped like dust and cried in thunder-tones:—10·······/˘·
"What are these troops and who commandeth them?10······˘/˘·
What lusty Crocodile is there among you11·/˘/˘······
To match himself with me in single combat?"11··˘/···/˘/˘
None volunteered until Suhráb beheld her.11··˘/····˘/·
He bit his lips and laughed. "Again," said he,10······˘/··
"An onager hath come within the toils10·/˘˘······
Of him that hath both strength and scimitar."10··········
He armed like wind, put on a helm of Chín,10··········
And rushed out to encounter Gurdáfríd,10····˘/˘···
Who when she saw him strung her bow up, drew it,11···········
And broadened out her breast. No bird had found10·/˘·······
A passage through her shafts; she showered them10·/˘····/˘·
Upon Suhráb and wheeled to left and right.10··········
He saw and was abashed, waxed wroth and charged,10····˘/····
His shield above his head. Thus pressed she hung10··········
Her bow upon her arm and, while her steed10··········
Pranced to the clouds, couched at Suhráb her lance,10··········
And plied her reins with fury. He too shook10·····/˘···
His reins and urged his charger on like lightning,11·····/˘··/˘
Fierce as a leopard, at his doughty foe.10···/˘··/˘·
He thrust a deadly dart with all his strength,10···/˘·····
Struck Gurdáfríd upon the belt and rent10··········
Her coat of mail, but even as she reeled10·····/˘···
She drew her sword and clave the dart asunder,11········˘/˘
Regained her seat and sent the dust-clouds flying;11˘/·······/˘
But liking not such fighting turned and fled.10·/˘··/˘···
He urged his dragon-steed, and he too made10···/˘·····
In wrath day dark with dust. He pressed upon her11···········
With loud cries, jostled her, and snatched her helm.10···/˘·····
Her hair escaped, her face shone like the sun.10··˘/······
He said: "It is a girl! Her head of hair10··········
Is worthy of a crown. If such a girl,"10·/˘·······
He said amazed, "come from the Íránian host10··˘/······
Upon the field, good sooth their cavaliers10········˘/
Will send dust cloudward on the day of battle!"11·········/˘
He loosed his coiled up lasso from the straps10·····/˘···
And caught her round the waist, then said to her:—10··········
"Why seekest thou the fray, O moon-faced maid?10·/˘·······
No onager like thee hath ever come10·/˘˘···/˘·
Within my toils. Thou wilt not 'scape my clutch,10··········
So struggle not."4·/˘·
She saw no other course,6···/˘·
So showed her face and said: "O warrior,10·······/˘˘
Midst warriors a lion! two hosts watch10·/˘˘·/˘···
Our prowess with the mace and scimitar,10//˘·······
And now that I have shown my face and hair10··········
The troops will say: 'He sent the dust-clouds flying11·········/˘
And all to fight a girl!' 'Twill be disgrace10········˘/
To persevere in such a fight as this.10·˘˘/······
Chiefs should be wise, so let us keep it dark10··········
And save thee from reproach on mine account.10····˘/··˘/
Our troops and stronghold are at thy command,10/··/····˘/
There is no need to fight, the castle, treasure,11·······/˘/˘
And castellan are thine when thou shalt please."10·/˘˘······
She showed her face, her smiles displayed the pearls10······˘/··
Within her jujube-lips, a garden she10···/˘··/˘·
In Paradise; no villager e'er set10·/˘··/˘˘··
So tall a cypress. She had eyes like deer's,10···/˘·····
With arching eyebrows, and thou wouldst have said:—10·/˘/······
"She bloometh ever."5·/˘/˘
"Keep thy word," said he,5·····
"For thou hast seen me on the day of battle.11·········/˘
Trust not yon castle-wall, it is not higher11···/˘····/˘
Than heaven, and my mace will bring it down,10·/˘·······
While no foe's lance will ever reach my neck."10·····/˘···
She turned and rode with him toward the hold,10··········
And Gazhdaham himself came to the gate.10····˘/····
They opened it and Gurdáfríd came in10·/˘·······
Both bruised and bound. They shut it and lamented11········˘/˘
For her and for Hajír. Then Gazhdaham10··········
Approached with chiefs and troops, and said to her:—10˘/········
"Brave-hearted lion-smiter! we were troubled11·/˘/˘/˘··/˘
On thine account. Thy fighting and address10··˘/·/˘·˘/
Have not disgraced us, and no foe hath harmed10··˘/······
Thy life, thank God!"4····
Then laughing much she went6·/˘···
Upon the ramparts to observe the foe,10···/··˘/··
Beheld Suhráb still mounted, and exclaimed:—10˘/···/˘·˘/
"O warrior of Túrán! why take such pains?10·/˘·······
Be off with you and give up battlefields."10·······/˘·
Suhráb replied: "O fair of face! I swear10··˘/······
By crown and throne and sun and moon to raze10··········
These ramparts to the ground and capture thee,10·/·····/˘·
Thou minx! Thou wilt repent thy foolish words10····˘/·/˘·
When thou art writhing in thy helplessness.10···/˘··/˘˘
Where is thy promise?"5···/˘
But she laughed and mocked him:—6······
"The Turkmans win no helpmates from Írán,10··········
And thou hast failed with me, but never mind!10·······/˘·
Thou art no Turkman who art so commended11········˘/˘
Among the great, and with such strength and limbs10··········
Art peerless midst the paladins! However,11·/˘··/˘˘·/˘
When news shall reach the Sháh: 'A chief is leading10········/˘
An army from Túrán, he will march forth10·/˘·······
With Rustam whom ye cannot stand against,10·····/˘···
And all thy host will perish. What mishap10·····/˘·/·
Will then descend upon thy head I know not,11··˘/·······
But woe is me that such a neck and shoulder11·········/˘
Should disappear within the maw of pards!10··˘/······
So do not trust too much those arms of thine10··········
Or else the stupid ox will graze beside thee.11···/˘···˘/·
'Twere best to issue orders for retreat."10···/˘/˘·˘/
Suhráb, who thought the hold his own, was shamed.10··········
He gave to pillage all the land and crops10···/˘·····
Around the walls, then for a moment washed10·······/˘·
The evil hand, and said: "Our time for action11·/···/˘··/˘
Is not to-day; our hands are stayed from fight.10····/·····
At daybreak we will raise dust from these walls10·/········
And carry war's alarms inside the place."10·/˘·˘/˘/··
With that he turned about his charger's rein10·······/˘·
And took the way to his own camp again.10········˘/

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