How Rustam lamented for Suhráb

Ferdowsi (940–1025), translated by Arthur George Warner and Edmond Warner · 1906

iambic pentameter · 97 lines · from Rustam and Sohrab (from the Shahnama)

Then Rustam called for an embroidered robeAnd, having laid the youth thereon, set off,But as he went one overtook him, saying:—"Suhráb hath passed from this wide world, and askethNo more a palace of thee but a bier."

The father started, sighed, and groaning closedHis eyes, then lighting swift as wind removedHis helm and scattered dust upon his head,While all the great men also wept and wailed.He cried in mournful tones: "O warrior-youthExalted and a paladin by birth!The sun and moon, the breastplate and the helm,The crown and throne, will never see thy peer.Hath this that hath befallen me—to slayMy son in mine old age—befallen another?My son—the offspring of the worldlord SámThe cavalier, born of a noble dame!I, that have now no peer in all the worldFor valour, was a boy to him! Well mightMy hands be lopped! May never seat be mineSave in the darksome dust. What shall I sayWhen tidings reach his mother? How shall ISend any one to break the news to her?What reason can I give for slaying oneWithout offence and darkening his day?What sire e'er acted thus? I well deserveThe world's abuse. Who ever slew a sonSo young and wise and valiant? And his mother!What will her sire, that honoured paladin,Say to her in her youth and innocence?How they will curse the progeny of SámAnd call me lacklove, impious! Who could deemThat at his years my darling would becomeTall as a cypress, set his heart on war,Array the host, and turn my day to darkness?"

He bade them spread brocade such as kings useUpon his young son's face—that son who setHis heart on throne and realm and only wonA narrow bier. They bore it from the field,Then set the camp-enclosure in a blazeWhile all the troops cast dust upon their heads.They burned the tents, the many-hued brocade,And all the goodly seats of yellow pardskin.A cry went up and mighty Rustam wailed:—"The world will see no cavalier like theeFor skill and valour on the day of battle.Woe for thy valour and thy prudent mind!Woe for those cheeks of thine, thy mien, thy stature!Woe's me! this sorrow and heart-rending grief!He left his mother and his father slew him!"

With royal raiment rent upon his bodyAnd weeping blood he scrabbled in the dustExclaiming: "Zál and virtuous RúdábaWill utter curses, saying: 'Rustam gainedThe mastery and stabbed him to the heart.'What plea of mine will win their hearts to me?How will the chieftains bear to hear that IHave rooted from the garth the straight-stemmed cypress?"

Then all the paladins of Sháh KáúsSat by the wayside in the dust with Rustam,And much advised him, but he heeded not.

Such are high heaven's deeds! It hath for usA lasso in this hand, in that a crown,And him that sitteth crowned and prosperousIt haleth with the twisted lasso down.Why should we love this world when we and theyThat fare with us alike must pass away?Though one may reckon on long life he mustBetake him in the last resort to dust.Now whether heaven acteth knowingly,Or not, 'tis vain to ask its how and why;Forbear we then to weep that one should go:The end thereof is not for us to know.

The Sháh informed about Suhráb drew nearTo Rustam with his retinue and said:—"From Mount Alburz e'en to the reed the skyWill bear all off. We may not set our loveUpon this dust, for, though some haste, some linger,All die at last. Take comfort for the dead,And hear what sages say. Though thou shouldst dashThe sky upon the earth and burn the world'Twill not recall the dead. Know that his soulIs long in heaven. From afar I markedHis breast, neck, stature, and his iron maceAs fate impelled him onward with his hostTo perish by thy hands. What remedy?How long wilt thou bewail the dead?"

He answered:—"Though he is gone Húmán remaineth stillWith other chieftains of Túrán and Chín.Regard them not as foes but let Zawára,God willing and the Sháh, conduct them hence."

Káús replied: "Aspiring chief! thy faceIs saddened through this fight, and though our foesHave harmed me much and sent smoke from Írán,Yet through thy sorrow is my heart so soreThat I will think upon revenge no more."

Words in this poem 22
thereon adv.
On that or this. [AS. . See There, and On.]
went n.
Course; way; path; journey; direction.
bier n.
A handbarrow or portable frame on which a corpse is placed or borne to the grave. [OE. bæe, beere, AS. b, b; akin to D. baar, OHG. bara, G. bahre, Icel barar, Dbaare, L. feretrum, Gr. , from the same bear to produce. See 1st Bear, and cf. Barr]
paladin n.
A knight-errant; a distinguished champion; as, the paladins of Charlemagne. [F., fr.It. paladino, fr. L. palatinus an officer of the palace. See Palatine.]
cavalier n.
A military man serving on horseback; a knight. [F. cavalier, It. cavaliere, LL. caballarius, fr. L. caballus. See Cavalcade, and cf. Cavallier, Caballine.]
dame n.
A mistress of a family, who is a lady; a womam in authority; especially, a lady. [F. dame, LL. domna, fr. L. domina mistress, lady, fem. of dominus master, ruler, lord; akin to domare to tame, subdue. See Tame, and cf. Dam mother, Dan, Danger]
darksome a.
Dark; gloomy; obscure; shaded; cheerless.
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
offence n.
The act of offending in any sense; esp., a crime or a sin, an affront or an injury. [F., fr. L. offensa. See Offend.]
sire n.
A lord, master, or other person in authority. See Sir. [F. sire, originally, an older person. See Sir.]
valiant a.
Vigorous in body; strong; powerful; as, a valiant fencer. [OE. valiant, F. vaillant, OF. vaillant, valant, originally p. pr. of OF. & F. valoir to be worth, L. valere to be strong. See Wield, and cf. Avail, Convalesce, ]
deem v. t.
To decide; to judge; to sentence; to condemn. [OE. demen to judge, condemn, AS. d, fr. d doom; akin to OFries. d, OS. ad, D. doemen, OHG. tuommen, Icel. dæma, Sw. dömma, Dan. dömme, Goth. d. See Doom, n., an]
bade
A form of the pat tense of Bid.
brocade n.
Silk stuff, woven with gold and silver threads, or ornamented with raised flowers, foliage, etc.; -- also applied to other stuffs thus wrought and enriched. [Sp. brocado (cf. It. broccato, F. brocart), fr. LL. brocare *prick, to figure (textile fabrics), to emboss (linen), to stitch. See Broach.]
enclosure n.
Inclosure. See Inclosure.
goodly a.
Pleasant; agreeable; desirable. [OE. godlich, AS. g. See Good, and Like.]
virtuous a.
Possessing or exhibiting virtue. Specifically: -- (a) Exhibiting manly courage and strength; valorous; valiant; brave. [OE. vertuous, OF. vertuos, vertuous, F. vertueux, fr. L. Virtuous. See Virtue, and cf. Virtuoso.]
wayside n.
The side of the way; the edge or border of a road or path.
betake v. t.
To take or seize. [Pref. be- + take.]
informed a.
Unformed or ill-formed; deformed; shapeless.
afar adv.
At, to, or from a great distance; far away; -- often used with from preceding, or off following; as, he was seen from afar; I saw him afar off. [Pref. a-.(for on or of) + far.]
aspiring a.
That aspires; as, an Aspiring mind.

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

How Rustam lamented for Suhráb is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Shahnama of Firdausi, done into English by Arthur George Warner and Edmond Warner, vol. II (Trübner’s Oriental Series), London, 1906; Part III, Suhráb (sections 1 to 25), Internet Archive, the Arthur George Warner and Edmond Warner translation; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Ferdowsi, How Rustam lamented for Suhráb, in Rustam and Sohrab (from the Shahnama) (1906), text of Internet Archive, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/ferdowsi-rustam-and-sohrab/23.html, id L29121.

Form and metre

How Rustam lamented for Suhráb is 97 lines in 9 stanzas. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 90%).

See other poems in iambic pentameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 2 --------ABC----A--DA-DBD-C---- closed · removed · head · wailed · youth · birth · helm · peer · slayA · anotherB · — · dame · world · might · mine · sayA · i · her · oneD · dayA · deserve · sonD · motherB · paladinD · innocence · — · deem · become · war · darkness
  2. 4 -----AA- body · dust · rúdába · gained · heart · meA · iA · cypress
  3. 6 ABABCCDD--EE usA · crownB · prosperousA · downB · theyC · awayC · mustD · dustD · knowingly · why · goE · knowE
  4. 7 -A---A-------A near · saidA · sky · love · linger · deadA · dash · world · soul · marked · mace · host · remedy · deadA
  5. 9 ---AA face · foes · — · soreA · moreA
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
Then Rustam called for an embroidered robe10······˘/˘·
And, having laid the youth thereon, set off,10·/˘···˘/··
But as he went one overtook him, saying:—11······˘/·/˘
"Suhráb hath passed from this wide world, and asketh11···········
No more a palace of thee but a bier."10···/˘·····
The father started, sighed, and groaning closed10·/˘/˘··/˘·
His eyes, then lighting swift as wind removed10···/˘···˘/
His helm and scattered dust upon his head,10···/˘·····
While all the great men also wept and wailed.10·····/˘···
He cried in mournful tones: "O warrior-youth10···/˘··/˘·
Exalted and a paladin by birth!10˘/˘··/˘˘··
The sun and moon, the breastplate and the helm,10·····/····
The crown and throne, will never see thy peer.10·····/˘···
Hath this that hath befallen me—to slay10····˘/˘···
My son in mine old age—befallen another?12······˘/˘˘/˘
My son—the offspring of the worldlord Sám10···/······
The cavalier, born of a noble dame!10··˘/···/˘·
I, that have now no peer in all the world10··········
For valour, was a boy to him! Well might10·/˘·······
My hands be lopped! May never seat be mine10·····/˘···
Save in the darksome dust. What shall I say10···/˘·····
When tidings reach his mother? How shall I10·/˘··/˘···
Send any one to break the news to her?10·/˘·······
What reason can I give for slaying one10·/˘····/˘·
Without offence and darkening his day?10··˘/·/˘˘··
What sire e'er acted thus? I well deserve10·/·/˘···˘/
The world's abuse. Who ever slew a son10··˘/·/˘···
So young and wise and valiant? And his mother!11·····/˘··/˘
What will her sire, that honoured paladin,11···/˘·/˘/˘˘
Say to her in her youth and innocence?10·······/˘˘
How they will curse the progeny of Sám10·····/˘˘··
And call me lacklove, impious! Who could deem11·····˘/˘···
That at his years my darling would become10·····/˘·˘/
Tall as a cypress, set his heart on war,10···/˘·····
Array the host, and turn my day to darkness?"11˘/·······/˘
He bade them spread brocade such as kings use10····˘/····
Upon his young son's face—that son who set10··········
His heart on throne and realm and only won10·······/˘·
A narrow bier. They bore it from the field,10·/˘·······
Then set the camp-enclosure in a blaze10····˘/˘···
While all the troops cast dust upon their heads.10··········
They burned the tents, the many-hued brocade,10·····/˘·˘/
And all the goodly seats of yellow pardskin.11···/˘··/˘··
A cry went up and mighty Rustam wailed:—10·····/˘···
"The world will see no cavalier like thee10······˘/··
For skill and valour on the day of battle.11···/˘····/˘
Woe for thy valour and thy prudent mind!10···/˘··/˘·
Woe for those cheeks of thine, thy mien, thy stature!11·········/˘
Woe's me! this sorrow and heart-rending grief!10···/˘··/˘·
He left his mother and his father slew him!"11···/˘··/˘··
With royal raiment rent upon his body11·/˘/˘····/˘
And weeping blood he scrabbled in the dust10·/˘··/˘···
Exclaiming: "Zál and virtuous Rúdába10˘/˘··/˘···
Will utter curses, saying: 'Rustam gained10·/˘/˘/˘···
The mastery and stabbed him to the heart.'10·/˘˘······
What plea of mine will win their hearts to me?10··········
How will the chieftains bear to hear that I10···/˘·····
Have rooted from the garth the straight-stemmed cypress?"11·/˘······/˘
Then all the paladins of Sháh Káús9···/˘˘···
Sat by the wayside in the dust with Rustam,11···/·······
And much advised him, but he heeded not.10··˘/···/˘·
Such are high heaven's deeds! It hath for us10···/˘·····
A lasso in this hand, in that a crown,10·/˘·······
And him that sitteth crowned and prosperous10···/˘··/˘˘
It haleth with the twisted lasso down.10·····/˘/˘·
Why should we love this world when we and they10··········
That fare with us alike must pass away?10····˘/··˘/
Though one may reckon on long life he must10···/˘·····
Betake him in the last resort to dust.10˘/····˘/··
Now whether heaven acteth knowingly,10···/˘··/˘˘
Or not, 'tis vain to ask its how and why;10··········
Forbear we then to weep that one should go:10˘/········
The end thereof is not for us to know.10··········
The Sháh informed about Suhráb drew near10·˘/˘······
To Rustam with his retinue and said:—10·····/˘···
"From Mount Alburz e'en to the reed the sky10··········
Will bear all off. We may not set our love10········/·
Upon this dust, for, though some haste, some linger,11·········/˘
All die at last. Take comfort for the dead,10·····/˘···
And hear what sages say. Though thou shouldst dash10···/˘·····
The sky upon the earth and burn the world10··········
'Twill not recall the dead. Know that his soul10··/·······
Is long in heaven. From afar I marked10···/˘·˘/··
His breast, neck, stature, and his iron mace10···/˘··/˘·
As fate impelled him onward with his host10··˘/·/˘···
To perish by thy hands. What remedy?10·/˘····/˘˘
How long wilt thou bewail the dead?"8····˘/··
He answered:—3·/˘
"Though he is gone Húmán remaineth still10······˘/˘·
With other chieftains of Túrán and Chín.10·/˘/˘·····
Regard them not as foes but let Zawára,11˘/·········
God willing and the Sháh, conduct them hence."9·/˘··/˘··
Káús replied: "Aspiring chief! thy face10··˘/˘/˘···
Is saddened through this fight, and though our foes10·/˘·····/·
Have harmed me much and sent smoke from Írán,10··········
Yet through thy sorrow is my heart so sore10···/˘·····
That I will think upon revenge no more."10······˘/··

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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