The Penitent Shepherd

Evan Evans (1731–1788) · 1764

iambic pentameter · heroic couplets · 74 lines · from Specimens of the Poetry of the Ancient Welsh Bards

A pensive Shepherd, on a summer's day,Unto a neighb'ring mountain bent his way,And solitary mus'd, with thoughts profound,Whilst ev'ry thing was silent all around;The firmament was clear, the sky serene,And not a cloud eclips'd the rural scene.Not so the Shepherd, all was storm within,He mourn'd his frailty, and bewail'd his sin;His soul alone engross'd his utmost care,Decoy'd by cursed Satan to his snare;(Alas! with what success he tempts mankind,And leads them to their ruin with the blind!)Awhile he stood, as one in woeful pain;At last, he broke in melancholy strain,And cried,--

"O great Creator, ever good and wise,I dare not lift to thee mine eyes--Thy violated laws for vengeance call,And on offenders heavy judgment fall;Which hurl them flaming to eternal pains,To suffer ever on infernal plains.The terrors of thy justice make me fear,For who can everlasting torment bear?My soul with grief is rent, Oh! stop thy hand,Shivering before thy Majesty I stand;Long have I trod the 'luring path of vice,And tire thy patience, and thy grace despise.Before thy throne I bow with suppliant knee,Grant gracious God, thy pardon unto me:In solitude my follies I repent,The life so long, so viciously, I spent,O God! I wish undone my wicked deeds,My contrite heart with inward sorrows bleeds.Thou, O my God! art witness of my grief,And thou alone canst grant me a relief.I promise faithfully to sin no more,(I sue for mercy, and thy grace implore,)And spend my life, for ever, in thy fear,Thy laws to keep, thy holy name revere."Thus plain'd the pensive Shepherd, and his moan,Christ, his Mediator, brought before the throne!Him graciously answer'd God to Sire,His face resplendent with a globe of fire:--"My Son hath paid thy ransom, go in peace,Eternal justice bids thee be at ease!"He said, and all the choir of angels sung,Harmonious melody, their harps they strung,And heaven's Empyreum to their music rung,Such is the joy when a poor sinner turns,That with uncommon glow each seraph burns.Thus I may compare small things with great,The Prodigal his tender father met;Such as the Gospel paints in tatter'd weed,Willing with husks to satisfy his need:And none would give them, though the hungry roam,Till he returned unto his Father's home;Who kill'd the fatted calf, and spread the feast,Where wine and minstrelsy his joy exprest.The Shepherd thus refresh'd with heavenly grace,Return'd with joy eternal in his face;The Saviour's wond'rous love to man he prais'd,And thus his voice with gratitude he rais'd:--

"All glory to the gracious SON of GOD,Who hast alone the grevious wine-press trod,To satisfy his justice, and for meHast wrought endless salvation on the tree;Who hast redeem'd us, and destroyed our foes,That neither death nor grave can work our woes:Hast overthrown the dragon, and no moreHell, nor its gates have terrors left in store!"

Thus did the Shepherd testify his joy,A theme that might an angel's tongue employ;He praised Christ, who for mankind did die;His praise let all resound, to all eternity.

Words in this poem 18
firmament n.
Fixed foundation; established basis. [L. firmamentum, fr. firmare to make firm: cf. F. firmament. See Firm, v. & a.]
frailty n.
The condition quality of being frail, physically, mentally, or morally, frailness; infirmity; weakness of resolution; liableness to be deceived or seduced. [OE. frelete, freilte, OF. fraileté, fr. L. fragilitas. See Frail, a., and cf. Fragility.]
cursed a.
Deserving a curse; execrable; hateful; detestable; abominable.
awhile adv.
For a while; for some time; for a short time. [Adj. a + while time, interval.]
broke v. i.
To transact business for another. Brome. [See Broker, and cf. Brook.]
despise v. t.
To look down upon with disfavor or contempt; to contemn; to scorn; to disdain; to have a low opinion or contemptuous dislike of. [OF. despis-, in some forms of despire to despise, fr. L. despicere, despectum, to look down upon, despise; de- + spicere, specere, to look. See Spy, and cf. Des]
suppliant a.
Asking earnestly and submissively; entreating; beseeching; supplicating. [F., p.pr. of supplier to entreat, L. supplicare. See Supplicate, and cf. Supplicant.]
repent a.
Prostrate and rooting; -- said of stems. Gray. [L. repens, -entis, creeping, p. pr. of repere to creep.]
undone a.
Not done or performed; neglected. [Pref. un- not + done.]
contrite a.
Thoroughly bruised or broken. [L. contritus bruised, p. p. of contrere to grind, bruise; con- + terere to rub, grind: cf. F. contrit See Trite.]
revere v. t.
To regard with reverence, or profound respect and affection, mingled with awe or fear; to venerate; to reverence; to honor in estimation. [L. revereri; pref. re- re- + vereri to fear, perh. akin to E. wary: cf. F. révérer.]
graciously adv.
In a gracious manner; courteously; benignantly.
sire n.
A lord, master, or other person in authority. See Sir. [F. sire, originally, an older person. See Sir.]
rung n.
A floor timber in a ship. [OE. ronge, AS. hrung, a staff, rod, pole; akin to G. runge a short, thick piece of iron or wood, OD. ronghe a prop, support, Icel. röng a rib in a ship, Goth. H]
sinner n.
One who has sinned; especially, one who has sinned without repenting; hence, a persistent and incorrigible transgressor; one condemned by the law of God.
minstrelsy n.
The arts and occupation of minstrels; the singing and playing of a minstrel.
hast
, 2d pers. sing. pres. of. Fave, contr. of havest.
testify v. i.
To make a solemn declaration, verbal or written, to establish some fact; to give testimony for the purpose of communicating to others a knowledge of something not known to them. [OF. testifier, L. testificari; testis a witness + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See -fy, and cf. Attest, Contest, Detest, Protest, Testament.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

The Penitent Shepherd is in the public domain. This text is taken from Some Specimens of the Poetry of the Ancient Welsh Bards, Project Gutenberg ebook #32767; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Evan Evans, The Penitent Shepherd, in Specimens of the Poetry of the Ancient Welsh Bards (1764), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #32767, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/evans-welsh/the-penitent-shepherd.html, id L11884.

Form and metre

The Penitent Shepherd is 74 lines in 4 verse paragraphs. It is in rhyming couplets, 70% of the lines: heroic couplets. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 91%). 93% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 9.9 syllables. 3 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending.

See other poems in heroic couplets, other poems in iambic pentameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 AABBCCDDEEFFGG- dayA · wayA · profoundB · aroundB · sereneC · sceneC · withinD · sinD · careE · snareE · mankindF · blindF · painG · strainG · cried
  2. 2 AABBCCDDEE--FFGGHHIIJJKKLLMM--NNNOO--PPQQRRSSTT wiseA · eyesA · callB · fallB · painsC · plainsC · fearD · bearD · handE · standE · vice · despise · kneeF · meF · repentG · spentG · deedsH · bleedsH · griefI · reliefI · moreJ · imploreJ · fearK · revereK · moanL · throneL · sireM · fireM · peace · ease · sungN · strungN · rungN · turnsO · burnsO · great · met · weedP · needP · roamQ · homeQ · feastR · exprestR · graceS · faceS · prais'dT · rais'dT
  3. 3 AABBCCDD godA · trodA · meB · treeB · foesC · woesC · moreD · storeD
  4. 4 AA-- joyA · employA · die · eternity
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
A pensive Shepherd, on a summer's day,10·/˘/˘··/˘·
Unto a neighb'ring mountain bent his way,10·····/˘···
And solitary mus'd, with thoughts profound,10·/˘·˘···˘/
Whilst ev'ry thing was silent all around;10·····/˘···
The firmament was clear, the sky serene,10·/˘˘····˘/
And not a cloud eclips'd the rural scene.10····˘/·/˘·
Not so the Shepherd, all was storm within,10···/˘·····
He mourn'd his frailty, and bewail'd his sin;10···/˘·····
His soul alone engross'd his utmost care,10··˘/˘/·/··
Decoy'd by cursed Satan to his snare;10····˘/˘···
(Alas! with what success he tempts mankind,10˘/··˘/··//
And leads them to their ruin with the blind!)10·····/˘···
Awhile he stood, as one in woeful pain;10˘/·····/˘·
At last, he broke in melancholy strain,10·····/˘·˘·
And cried,--2··
"O great Creator, ever good and wise,10··˘/˘/˘···
I dare not lift to thee mine eyes--8········
Thy violated laws for vengeance call,10·/˘˘˘··/˘·
And on offenders heavy judgment fall;10··˘/˘/˘/˘·
Which hurl them flaming to eternal pains,10···/˘·˘/˘·
To suffer ever on infernal plains.10·/˘/˘·˘/˘·
The terrors of thy justice make me fear,10·/˘··/˘···
For who can everlasting torment bear?10····˘/˘/··
My soul with grief is rent, Oh! stop thy hand,10··········
Shivering before thy Majesty I stand;10/˘···/˘˘··
Long have I trod the 'luring path of vice,10·····/˘···
And tire thy patience, and thy grace despise.10·/·/˘···˘/
Before thy throne I bow with suppliant knee,11·······/˘˘·
Grant gracious God, thy pardon unto me:10·/˘··/˘···
In solitude my follies I repent,10·/˘··/˘·˘/
The life so long, so viciously, I spent,10·····/˘˘··
O God! I wish undone my wicked deeds,10····˘/·/˘·
My contrite heart with inward sorrows bleeds.10·˘/··/˘/˘·
Thou, O my God! art witness of my grief,10·····/˘···
And thou alone canst grant me a relief.10··˘/····˘/
I promise faithfully to sin no more,10·/˘/˘˘····
(I sue for mercy, and thy grace implore,)10···/˘···˘/
And spend my life, for ever, in thy fear,10·····/˘···
Thy laws to keep, thy holy name revere."10·····/˘·˘/
Thus plain'd the pensive Shepherd, and his moan,10···/˘/˘···
Christ, his Mediator, brought before the throne!11··/˘·˘·····
Him graciously answer'd God to Sire,10·/˘˘/˘··/˘
His face resplendent with a globe of fire:--11··˘/˘····/˘
"My Son hath paid thy ransom, go in peace,10·····/˘···
Eternal justice bids thee be at ease!"10˘/˘/˘·····
He said, and all the choir of angels sung,10·····/·/˘·
Harmonious melody, their harps they strung,10˘/˘/˘˘····
And heaven's Empyreum to their music rung,11·/˘·····/˘·
Such is the joy when a poor sinner turns,10·······/˘·
That with uncommon glow each seraph burns.10··˘/˘··/˘·
Thus I may compare small things with great,9···˘/····
The Prodigal his tender father met;10·/˘˘·/˘/˘·
Such as the Gospel paints in tatter'd weed,10···/˘··/˘·
Willing with husks to satisfy his need:10/˘···/˘···
And none would give them, though the hungry roam,10·······/˘·
Till he returned unto his Father's home;10··˘/···/˘·
Who kill'd the fatted calf, and spread the feast,10···/˘·····
Where wine and minstrelsy his joy exprest.10···/˘˘····
The Shepherd thus refresh'd with heavenly grace,10·/˘·˘/·/˘·
Return'd with joy eternal in his face;10˘/··˘/˘···
The Saviour's wond'rous love to man he prais'd,10·/˘/˘·····
And thus his voice with gratitude he rais'd:--10·····/˘···
"All glory to the gracious SON of GOD,10·/˘··/˘···
Who hast alone the grevious wine-press trod,10··˘/······
To satisfy his justice, and for me10·/˘··/˘···
Hast wrought endless salvation on the tree;10··/˘˘/˘···
Who hast redeem'd us, and destroyed our foes,10··˘/··˘//·
That neither death nor grave can work our woes:10·/˘·····/·
Hast overthrown the dragon, and no more10··˘/·/˘···
Hell, nor its gates have terrors left in store!"10·····/˘···
Thus did the Shepherd testify his joy,10···/˘/˘···
A theme that might an angel's tongue employ;10·····/˘·˘/
He praised Christ, who for mankind did die;10··˘···//··
His praise let all resound, to all eternity.11·····/··˘/˘

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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