Rhapsody on a Windy Night

T. S. Eliot (1888–1965) · 1917

iambic pentameter · 79 lines · from Prufrock and Other Observations

Twelve o’clock.Along the reaches of the streetHeld in a lunar synthesis,Whispering lunar incantationsDissolve the floors of the memoryAnd all its clear relations,Its divisions and precisions,Every street lamp that I passBeats like a fatalistic drum,And through the spaces of the darkMidnight shakes the memoryAs a madman shakes a dead geranium.

Half-past one,The street lamp sputtered,The street lamp muttered,The street lamp said,“Regard that womanWho hesitates toward you in the light of the doorWhich opens on her like a grin.You see the border of her dressIs torn and stained with sand,And you see the corner of her eyeTwists like a crooked pin.”

The memory throws up high and dryA crowd of twisted things;A twisted branch upon the beachEaten smooth, and polishedAs if the world gave upThe secret of its skeleton,Stiff and white.A broken spring in a factory yard,Rust that clings to the form that the strength has leftHard and curled and ready to snap.

Half-past two,The street lamp said,“Remark the cat which flattens itself in the gutter,Slips out its tongueAnd devours a morsel of rancid butter.”So the hand of a child, automaticSlipped out and pocketed a toy that was running along the quay.I could see nothing behind that child’s eye.I have seen eyes in the streetTrying to peer through lighted shutters,And a crab one afternoon in a pool,An old crab with barnacles on his back,Gripped the end of a stick which I held him.

Half-past three,The lamp sputtered,The lamp muttered in the dark.

The lamp hummed:“Regard the moon,La lune ne garde aucune rancune,She winks a feeble eye,She smiles into corners.She smoothes the hair of the grass.The moon has lost her memory.A washed-out smallpox cracks her face,Her hand twists a paper rose,That smells of dust and old Cologne,She is aloneWith all the old nocturnal smellsThat cross and cross across her brain.The reminiscence comesOf sunless dry geraniumsAnd dust in crevices,Smells of chestnuts in the streets,And female smells in shuttered rooms,And cigarettes in corridorsAnd cocktail smells in bars.”

The lamp said,“Four o’clock,Here is the number on the door.Memory!You have the key,The little lamp spreads a ring on the stair,Mount.The bed is open; the tooth-brush hangs on the wallPut your shoes at the door, sleep, prepare for life.”The last twist of the knife.

Words in this poem

fatalistic a.
Implying, or partaking of the nature of, fatalism.
grin n.
A snare; a gin. [AS. grin.]
quay n.
A mole, bank, or wharf, formed toward the sea, or at the side of a harbor, river, or other navigable water, for convenience in loading and unloading vessels. [F. quai. See Key quay.]
afternoon n.
The part of the day which follows noon, between noon and evening.
lune n.
Anything in the shape of a half moon. [L. luna moon: cf. F. lune. See Luna.]
cologne n.
A perfumed liquid, composed of alcohol and certain aromatic oils, used in the toilet; -- called also cologne water and eau de cologne. [Originally made in Cologne, the French name of Köln, a city in Germany.]
reminiscence n.
The act or power of recalling past experience; the state of being reminiscent; remembrance; memory. [F. réminiscence, L. reminiscentia.]
sunless a.
Destitute or deprived of the sun or its rays; shaded; shadowed.
shuttered a.
Furnished with shutters.
cocktail n.
A beverage made of brandy, whisky, or gin, iced, flavored, and sweetened. [U. S.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Rhapsody on a Windy Night is in the public domain. This text is taken from Prufrock and Other Observations, Project Gutenberg ebook #1459; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: T. S. Eliot, Rhapsody on a Windy Night, in Prufrock and Other Observations (1917), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #1459, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/eliot-prufrock/rhapsody-on-a-windy-night.html, id L04656.

Form and metre

Rhapsody on a Windy Night is 79 lines in 7 stanzas. 91% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 7.2 syllables. 23 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 31% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 ---ABA--C-BC o'clock · street · synthesis · incantationsA · memoryB · relationsA · precisions · pass · drumC · dark · memoryB · geraniumC
  2. 2 ABBBA-C---C oneA · sputteredB · mutteredB · saidB · womanA · door · grinC · dress · sand · eye · pinC
  3. 4 --A-A-BB----- two · said · gutterA · tongue · butterA · automatic · quayB · eyeB · street · shutters · pool · back · him
  4. 6 -AA-B---BCC--DD--D-- hummed · moonA · rancuneA · eye · cornersB · grass · memory · face · roseB · cologneC · aloneC · smells · brain · comesD · geraniumsD · crevices · streets · roomsD · corridors · bars
  5. 7 --------AA said · o'clock · door · memory · key · stair · mount · wall · lifeA · knifeA
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
Twelve o’clock.3·˘/
Along the reaches of the street8˘/·/˘···
Held in a lunar synthesis,8···/˘/˘˘
Whispering lunar incantations9/˘˘/˘˘//˘
Dissolve the floors of the memory9˘/····/˘˘
And all its clear relations,7····˘/˘
Its divisions and precisions,8·˘/˘·˘/˘
Every street lamp that I pass8/˘˘·····
Beats like a fatalistic drum,8···˘˘/˘·
And through the spaces of the dark8···/˘···
Midnight shakes the memory7/···/˘˘
As a madman shakes a dead geranium.11··/····˘/˘˘
Half-past one,3···
The street lamp sputtered,5···/˘
The street lamp muttered,5···/˘
The street lamp said,4····
“Regard that woman5˘/·/˘
Who hesitates toward you in the light of the door13·/˘··········
Which opens on her like a grin.8·/˘·····
You see the border of her dress8···/˘···
Is torn and stained with sand,6······
And you see the corner of her eye9····/˘···
Twists like a crooked pin.”6···/˘·
The memory throws up high and dry9·/˘˘·····
A crowd of twisted things;6···/˘·
A twisted branch upon the beach8·/˘·····
Eaten smooth, and polished6/˘··/˘
As if the world gave up6······
The secret of its skeleton,8·/˘··/˘˘
Stiff and white.3···
A broken spring in a factory yard,10·/˘···/˘˘·
Rust that clings to the form that the strength has left11···········
Hard and curled and ready to snap.9···˘·/˘··
Half-past two,3···
The street lamp said,4····
“Remark the cat which flattens itself in the gutter,13˘/···/˘˘/··/˘
Slips out its tongue4····
And devours a morsel of rancid butter.”11·˘/·/˘·/˘/˘
So the hand of a child, automatic10·······˘/˘
Slipped out and pocketed a toy that was running along the quay.15···/˘····/˘˘/··
I could see nothing behind that child’s eye.10···/˘·····
I have seen eyes in the street7·······
Trying to peer through lighted shutters,9/˘···/˘/˘
And a crab one afternoon in a pool,10·····˘/···
An old crab with barnacles on his back,10····/˘˘···
Gripped the end of a stick which I held him.10··········
Half-past three,3···
The lamp sputtered,4··/˘
The lamp muttered in the dark.7··/˘···
The lamp hummed:3···
“Regard the moon,4˘/··
La lune ne garde aucune rancune,8········
She winks a feeble eye,6···/˘·
She smiles into corners.6····/˘
She smoothes the hair of the grass.7·······
The moon has lost her memory.8·····/˘˘
A washed-out smallpox cracks her face,9··˘·/····
Her hand twists a paper rose,7····/˘·
That smells of dust and old Cologne,8······˘/
She is alone4··˘/
With all the old nocturnal smells8····˘/˘·
That cross and cross across her brain.8····˘/··
The reminiscence comes6··˘/˘·
Of sunless dry geraniums8·/˘·˘/˘˘
And dust in crevices,6···/˘˘
Smells of chestnuts in the streets,7··/˘···
And female smells in shuttered rooms,9·/···/˘˘·
And cigarettes in corridors8··˘/·/˘˘
And cocktail smells in bars.”6·/····
The lamp said,3···
“Four o’clock,3·˘/
Here is the number on the door.8···/˘···
Memory!3/˘˘
You have the key,4····
The little lamp spreads a ring on the stair,10·/˘·······
Mount.1·
The bed is open; the tooth-brush hangs on the wall12···/˘·······
Put your shoes at the door, sleep, prepare for life.”11·······˘/··
The last twist of the knife.6······

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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