Addressed to Sir Thomas Hanmer, on His Edition of Shakespeare's Works

SIR,A patriot's hand protects a poet's lays,While nursed by you she sees her myrtles bloom,Green and unwither'd o'er his honour'd tomb;Excuse her doubts, if yet she fears to tellWhat secret transports in her bosom swell:With conscious awe she hears the critic's fame,And blushing hides her wreath at Shakespeare's name.Hard was the lot those injured strains endured,Unown'd by Science, and by years obscured:Fair Fancy wept; and echoing sighs confess'dA fix'd despair in every tuneful breast.Not with more grief the afflicted swains appear,When wintry winds deform the plenteous year;When lingering frosts the ruin'd seats invadeWhere Peace resorted, and the Graces play'd.

Each rising art by just gradation moves,Toil builds on toil, and age on age improves:The Muse alone unequal dealt her rage,And graced with noblest pomp her earliest stage.Preserved through time, the speaking scenes impartEach changeful wish of Phædra's tortured heart;Or paint the curse that mark'd the Theban's reign,A bed incestuous, and a father slain.With kind concern our pitying eyes o'erflow,Trace the sad tale, and own another's woe.

To Rome removed, with wit secure to please,The comic Sisters kept their native ease:With jealous fear, declining Greece beheldHer own Menander's art almost excell'd;But every Muse essay'd to raise in vainSome labour'd rival of her tragic strain:Ilissus' laurels, though transferr'd with toil,Droop'd their fair leaves, nor knew the unfriendly soil.As Arts expired, resistless Dulness rose;Goths, Priests, or Vandals,--all were Learning's foes.Till Julius first recall'd each exiled maid,And Cosmo own'd them in the Etrurian shade:Then, deeply skill'd in love's engaging theme,The soft Provençal pass'd to Arno's stream:With graceful ease the wanton lyre he strung;Sweet flow'd the lays--but love was all he sung.The gay description could not fail to move,For, led by nature, all are friends to love.

But Heaven, still various in its works, decreedThe perfect boast of time should last succeed.The beauteous union must appear at length,Of Tuscan fancy, and Athenian strength:One greater Muse Eliza's reign adorn,And e'en a Shakespeare to her fame be born!

Yet ah! so bright her morning's opening ray,In vain our Britain hoped an equal day!No second growth the western isle could bear,At once exhausted with too rich a year.Too nicely Jonson knew the critic's part;Nature in him was almost lost in art.Of softer mould the gentle Fletcher came,The next in order, as the next in name;With pleased attention, 'midst his scenes we findEach glowing thought that warms the female mind;Each melting sigh, and every tender tear;The lover's wishes, and the virgin's fear.His every strain the Smiles and Graces own;But stronger Shakespeare felt for man alone:Drawn by his pen, our ruder passions standThe unrival'd picture of his early hand.

With gradual steps and slow, exacter FranceSaw Art's fair empire o'er her shores advance:By length of toil a bright perfection knew,Correctly bold, and just in all she drew:Till late Corneille, with Lucan's spirit fired,Breathed the free strain, as Rome and he inspired:And classic judgment gain'd to sweet RacineThe temperate strength of Maro's chaster line.

But wilder far the British laurel spread,And wreaths less artful crown our poet's head.Yet he alone to every scene could giveThe historian's truth, and bid the manners live.Waked at his call I view, with glad surprise,Majestic forms of mighty monarchs rise.There Henry's trumpets spread their loud alarms,And laurel'd Conquest waits her hero's arms.Here gentler Edward claims a pitying sigh,Scarce born to honours, and so soon to die!Yet shall thy throne, unhappy infant, bringNo beam of comfort to the guilty king:The time shall come when Glo'ster's heart shall bleed,In life's last hours, with horror of the deed;When dreary visions shall at last presentThy vengeful image in the midnight tent:Thy hand unseen the secret death shall bear,Blunt the weak sword, and break the oppressive spear!

Where'er we turn, by Fancy charm'd, we findSome sweet illusion of the cheated mind.Oft, wild of wing, she calls the soul to roveWith humbler nature, in the rural grove;Where swains contented own the quiet scene,And twilight fairies tread the circled green:Dress'd by her hand, the woods and valleys smile,And Spring diffusive decks the enchanted isle.

O, more than all in powerful genius blest,Come, take thine empire o'er the willing breast!Whate'er the wounds this youthful heart shall feel,Thy songs support me, and thy morals heal!There every thought the poet's warmth may raise,There native music dwells in all the lays.O might some verse with happiest skill persuadeExpressive Picture to adopt thine aid!What wondrous draughts might rise from every page!What other Raphaels charm a distant age!

Methinks e'en now I view some free design,Where breathing Nature lives in every line:Chaste and subdued the modest lights decay,Steal into shades, and mildly melt away.And see where Anthony, in tears approved,Guards the pale relics of the chief he loved:O'er the cold corse the warrior seems to bend,Deep sunk in grief, and mourns his murder'd friend!Still as they press, he calls on all around,Lifts the torn robe, and points the bleeding wound.

But who is he, whose brows exalted bearA wrath impatient, and a fiercer air?Awake to all that injured worth can feel,On his own Rome he turns the avenging steel;Yet shall not war's insatiate fury fall(So heaven ordains it) on the destined wall.See the fond mother, 'midst the plaintive train,Hung on his knees, and prostrate on the plain!Touch'd to the soul, in vain he strives to hideThe son's affection, in the Roman's pride:O'er all the man conflicting passions rise;Rage grasps the sword, while Pity melts the eyes.

Thus generous Critic, as thy Bard inspires,The sister Arts shall nurse their drooping fires;Each from his scenes her stores alternate bring,Blend the fair tints, or wake the vocal string:Those sibyl leaves, the sport of every wind,(For poets ever were a careless kind,)By thee disposed, no farther toil demand,But, just to Nature, own thy forming hand.

So spread o'er Greece, the harmonious whole unknown,E'en Homer's numbers charm'd by parts alone.Their own Ulysses scarce had wander'd more,By winds and waters cast on every shore:When, raised by fate, some former Hanmer join'dEach beauteous image of the boundless mind;And bade, like thee, his Athens ever claimA fond alliance with the Poet's name.